Active Ingredients of Essential Oil Separated from Volkamer Lemon Trees that were Treated with Nicotinic Acid

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 944-952
Author(s):  
Khalid A. Khalid ◽  
Aisha M.A. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Volkamer Lemon

scholarly journals Effects of type and concentration of alginate on microencapsulation characteristics of lime essential oil (Citrus aurantifolia) produced by extrusion-dripping methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (01) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Vinh Truong
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Citrus Aurantifolia ◽  
Experimental Range ◽  
Alginate Concentration

The extrusion-dripping method to produce alginate-calcium beads for microencapsulation of lime oil (Citrus aurantifolia) was carried out in this study. The experimental range of alginate concentration was from 1 to 4%. Above 1% alginate concentration, viscosity was pseudoplastic behavior. The size (1.52 - 1.57 mm) and sphericity (above 95%) of the beads were maximum at alginate concentration of 2 - 3%. The extrusion-dripping method was not applicable when alginate concentration was over 3.5% due to the high viscosity resulting in low sphericity. The two types of alginates with a protein content of 9% (alg1) and 2% (alg2) had the same microencapsulation yield of 73 - 74%. However, the solid recovery of alg2 (98.99%) was much higher than that of alg1 (52.71%). This is because alg2 has a higher purity and if it is used in production, it is easier to control the content of active ingredients and reduce the amount of organic waste that is harmful to the environment compared to alg1.

scholarly journals The marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) drug essential oil agents change under different fertilization settings in small plot trial

2016 ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
Judit Lelesz ◽  
Éva Nagy ◽  
József Csajbók
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Calendula Officinalis ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Calendula Officinalis L

During our research we investigated the marigold's (Calendula officinalis L.) nutrient requirements with different fertilization setting in small-plot trial. We measured SPME (Solid phase microextraction) and GC-MS (gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer) we examined the effects of the different fertilization settings for the herb's main active ingredients of essential oil's percentage. Based on the results, it was concluded, the essential oil agents' percentage breakdowns significantly depending on the cropping technologies. Besides that it is possible, based on Pearson's correlation test the marigold essential oil agents relationship can also be a major factor.

scholarly journals CO2 Supercritical Extraction of Essential Oil of Jordanian Rosemary

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 662-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamdouh Allawzi ◽  
Hussein Allaboun ◽  
Atheer Almasri
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Trapping Agent

Abstract Background: Experimental investigation of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of active ingredients from rosemary herb has been performed. Carbon dioxide (CO2) was used as a solvent with ethanol as a trapping agent. This work showed that the SFE can be an exceptional alternative to the use of chemical solvents. Objective: The effect of temperature and pressure on the extraction process was investigated to increase the yield of the extracted essential components. Methods: The types of extracted compounds from rosemary were specified and analyzed using GC-MS. Results: The results indicated that several essential active ingredient compounds were extracted. Furthermore, the pressure affects the extraction, as the composition ofsome compounds increases with a pressure increase. Conclusions: SFE can be used to extract valuable active ingredients from rosemary. Two process parameters were investigated, namely, pressure and temperature, which indicate that SFE is aselective process for the production of certain constituents. Highlights: Some of themain components of the essential oil of Jordanianrosemary obtained in this study have important applications in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. Forinstance, α-pinene is one of the main raw compounds used in the perfume industry.

scholarly journals Study on the Multitarget Mechanism and Key Active Ingredients of Herba Siegesbeckiae and Volatile Oil against Rheumatoid Arthritis Based on Network Pharmacology

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Yang ◽  
Yahui Li ◽  
Runlin Lv ◽  
Haibing Qian ◽  
Xiangyun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Active Ingredients

Background. Herba Siegesbeckiae (HS, Xixiancao in Chinese) is widely used to treat inflammatory joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and arthritis, and its molecular mechanisms and active ingredients have not been completely elucidated. Methods. In this study, the small molecule ligand library of HS was built based on Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP). The essential oil from HS was extracted through hydrodistillation and analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). The target of RA was screened based on Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD). The key genes were output by the four algorithms’ maximum neighborhood component (MNC), degree, maximal clique centrality (MCC), and stress in cytoHubba in Cytoscape, while biological functions and pathways were also analyzed. The key active ingredients and mechanism of HS and essential oil against RA were verified by molecular docking technology (Sybyl 2.1.1) in treating RA. The interaction between 6 active ingredients (degree ≥ 5) and CSF2, IL1β, TNF, and IL6 was researched based on the software Ligplot. Results. There were 31 small molecule constituents of HS and 16 main chemical components of essential oil (relative content >1%) of HS. There were 47 chemical components in HS. Networks showed that 9 core targets (TNF, IL1β, CSF2, IFNG, CTLA4, IL18, CD26, CXCL8, and IL6) of RA were based on Venn diagrams. In addition, molecular docking simulation indicated that CSF2, IL1β, TNF, and IL6 had good binding activity with the corresponding compounds (degree > 10).The 6 compounds (degree ≥ 5) of HS and essential oil had good interaction with 5 or more targets. Conclusion. This study validated and predicted the mechanism and key active ingredients of HS and volatile oil in treating RA. Additionally, this study provided a good foundation for further experimental studies.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening of two Ilam native plants Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight & Arn. and Ziziphus spina-christi (Mill.) Georgi using HS-SPME and GC-MS spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Bahmani ◽  
Anahita Jalilian ◽  
Iraj Salimikia ◽  
Somayeh Shahsavari ◽  
Naser Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Main Compound ◽  
Alpha Pinene ◽  
Ziziphus Nummularia ◽  
Hydrolyzing Enzymes

Essential oils are aromatic compounds widely used in the perfumery, pharmaceutical and food industries. There are several methods to extract essential oils and extracts. These methods include distillation, pressure or scraping, pressing and razor technique, headspace solid-phase micro extraction (HS-SPME), solvent extraction, extraction by bioactive hydrolyzing enzymes, and CO2 extraction. The aim of this study was to investigate the amounts of active ingredients of essential oils of medicinal plants Ziziphus nummularia and Ziziphus spina-christi by HS-SPME so that it can more easily move towards production of effective herbal remedies by identifying the main and active ingredients of the plants. The main chemical compound of Z. spina-christi essential oil was found to be trans-caryophyllene (17.31%), followed by alpha-pinene (15.50%), beta-caryophyllene (10.86%), and beta-pinene (7.32%). The main compound of Z. nummularia essential oil was tetradecane (16.76%), followed by hexadecane (9.35%), dl-limonene (5.75%), cyclohexan-1-ol, 3 meth (5.54%), trans-caryophyllene (5.47%), and beta-myrcene (5.28%). Chemical compounds of Ziziphus spina-christi included carbobicyclic or bicycleheptane, sesquiterpenes derived from germacrene, bicyclic monoterpenes, and monoterpenes, while the main compounds of Z. nummularia included monoterpenes, aliphatic hydrocarbons, alkane hydrocarbons, primary terpene compounds, and decarbonated alcohol. Identification of chemical and biological constituents of essential oils of medicinal plants is a valuable way to identify medicinal compounds that can be used to treat diseases by combining the traditional effects and the main compounds in the experimental pharmacy studies.

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