Crystallization and Pour Point of Solutions of the Dispersant Poly(Styrene-Co-Methacrylate) Viscosity Modifiers in Lubricating Base Oil

A mixed metal oxide (CuO-ZnO) additives has been successfully synthesized in laboratory by co-precipitation technique. The optimum ratio of CuO and ZnO in mixed metal oxide was found to be 1:1. The sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) has been used as surfactant. The obtained material was found to be crystalline having crystalline size of 18 nm. The stretching band in FTIR spectra at around 1072 cm-1 to 750 cm-1 and around 600 cm-1 indicates the presence of Zn-O and Cu-O bonds. As prepared nano-particles have been used as nano additive in base oil to improve physio-chemical parameters of lubricants. The results revealed that the additive blended base oil (lubricant) has shown excellent lubrication properties. The higher kinematic viscosity of 33.0504 and 6.0158 at 40°C and 100°C respectively showed that as prepared additive blended lubricant is of ISO-32 category according to ISO grading system for lubricants. Similarly, viscosity index was found to be improved from 101 to 129. The pour point was found to be significantly decreased from -6°C to -24°C. So it can be used as good pour point depressant and could be used even in the extreme cold environment condition. The flash point was found to be increased from 215°C to 220°C indicating that the prepared mixed metal oxide (CuO-ZnO) acts as flash point enhancer. The copper strip corrosion rating was found to be 1b for additive indicating the non corrosive nature. The absence of moisture and pH around the neutral range 6.18 showed the additive blended lubricant is not harmful for machinery devices.

Download Full-text

Fluid Effects on Mechanical Efficiency of Hydraulic Pumps: Dynamometer Measurements and Molecular Simulations

ASME/BATH 2019 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control ◽

10.1115/fpmc2019-1712 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Pawan Panwar ◽

Michelle Len ◽

Ninaad Gajghate ◽

Paul Michael ◽

Ashlie Martini

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Efficiency ◽

Solution Viscosity ◽

Fluid Viscosity ◽

Hydraulic Systems ◽

Specific Viscosity ◽

Base Oil ◽

Base Oils ◽

Lower Viscosity ◽

Viscosity Modifiers ◽

Dynamics Simulations

Abstract The mechanical efficiency of hydraulic pumps is affected by the viscosity of the hydraulic fluid. Viscosity modifiers that thicken the fluid, therefore, play an important role in efficiency. Viscosity modifiers are believed to improve the mechanical efficiency of hydraulic systems partially by enabling formulation with lower molecular weight base oils. Here, this concept was directly tested in a pump dynamometer using mixtures of low traction synthetic poly(alphaolefin) base oils, bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate ester, and poly(isobutylene). Lower viscosity fluids directly correlated to better mechanical efficiency but decreasing the viscosity of the synthetic base oil by adding viscosity modifier did not have the same effect. However, molecular dynamics simulations showed that solution viscosity was directly correlated to elongation of the polymer under shear which, together with calculations of the critical shear rate range in a pump, suggested ways of designing viscosity modifiers to achieve a specific viscosity profile that maximizes mechanical efficiency.

Download Full-text

Rehabilitating of used Generator Oil by Acid /Bentonite Treatment and Studying of its Performance Evalution

Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies ◽

10.52716/jprs.v5i1.144 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 271-193

Author(s):

Muna Mahmood Khudhair ◽

Kafaa Fadhil Abas ◽

Taghreed Mahdi Hameed ◽

Awali Assad ◽

Wasan Nifal

Keyword(s):

Specific Gravity ◽

Pour Point ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Combustion Products ◽

Acid Number ◽

Ash Content ◽

Flash Point ◽

Total Acid ◽

Base Oil ◽

Total Acid Number

Used generator lubricant oils are considered hazardous wastes because of their high content of pollutants (thermal degradation products from the base oil and combustion products from fuel and lubricant and external pollutants). Thus, this research aimed to refining the waste oils for economic and environmental purpose. In this study, it was applied acid / bentonite treatment which include treatment with commercial sulphuric acid followed by adsorption on Iraqi bentonite and study the effect of treated used genarator oil and regards to enhancing their performance in service. The quality checked by evaluation of some important properties i.e. specific gravity, viscosity, flash point, pour point, ash content, and total acid number. The results of treated used oil showed that, specific gravity decreased from 0.898 to 0.894, viscosity increased from 95 cst to 136 cst. ,flash point increased from 179 oC to 200 oC, pour point increased from -13 oC to -16 oC, ash content decreased from 1.174 %to, 1.0775% and total acid number decreased from 2.983mg KOH/g to1.0775mg KOH/g. The results of evaluation of performance of fresh and treated generator oil studied by comparison of some properties such as specific gravity, viscosity, flash point pour point, ash content, and total acid number to the oils in use.

Download Full-text

Low-Temperature Rheology and Thermoanalytical Investigation of Lubricating Greases: Influence of Thickener Type and Concentration on Melting, Crystallization and Glass Transition

Lubricants ◽

10.3390/lubricants10010001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Andreas Conrad ◽

Annika Hodapp ◽

Bernhard Hochstein ◽

Norbert Willenbacher ◽

Karl-Heinz Jacob

Keyword(s):

Glass Transition ◽

Propylene Glycol ◽

Crystallization Temperature ◽

Sharp Increase ◽

Pour Point ◽

Mineral Oil ◽

Base Oil ◽

Alkyl Chains ◽

Base Oils ◽

Crystallization Nucleus

This study investigates crystallization, melting and glass transition of Li- and Ca-12-hydroxystearate greases in relation to the pour point of the corresponding oils. The base oils for the greases are mineral oil, polyalphaolefin, alkylated naphthalene, propylene glycol, and trimellitate. For the mineral oil-based greases the crystallization temperature Tc increases and the melting temperature Tm decreases upon addition of thickener. The pour point of the mineral oil then is 3 K below Tc and does not properly define the lowest application temperature for mineral oil (MO) based greases. Both thickeners induce a small increase of the glass transition temperature (1–3 K) of the synthetic oils polyalphaolefin, alkylated naphthalene, propylene glycol. The pour point of the base oils correlates well with the onset of the glass transition in the corresponding grease indicated by a sharp increase in grease viscosity. Pure trimellitate with unbranched alkyl chains does not crystallize upon cooling but shows noticeable supercooling and cold crystallization. As the percentage of thickener in corresponding greases increases, more oil crystallizes upon cooling 20 K above the crystallization temperature of the trimellitate without thickener (−44 °C). Here, the thickener changes the crystallization behavior from homogeneous to heterogeneous and thus acts as a crystallization nucleus. The pour point of the base oil does not provide information on the temperature below which the greases stiffen significantly due to crystallization.

Download Full-text

Acrylate Terpolymers as Potential Pour Point Depressant and Viscosity Modifiers for Lube Oil

Petroleum Science and Technology ◽

10.1080/10916466.2015.1040889 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (10) ◽

pp. 1126-1132 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

P. Ghosh ◽

D. Kumar Saha

Keyword(s):

Pour Point ◽

Pour Point Depressant ◽

Point Depressant ◽

Viscosity Modifiers

Download Full-text

Polymethacrylate Viscosity Modifiers and Pour Point Depressants

Lubricant Additives - Chemical Industries ◽

10.1201/9781420059656-c11 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 315-337 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Bernard Kinker

Keyword(s):

Pour Point ◽

Viscosity Modifiers ◽

Pour Point Depressants

Download Full-text

Hydrocracking diversity in n-dodecane isomerization on Pt/ZSM-22 and Pt/ZSM-23 catalysts and their catalytic performance for hydrodewaxing of lube base oil

Petroleum Science ◽

10.1007/s12182-020-00500-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 1752-1763

Author(s):

Shan-Bin Gao ◽

Zhen Zhao ◽

Xue-Feng Lu ◽

Ke-Bin Chi ◽

Ai-Jun Duan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pour Point ◽

Viscosity Index ◽

Carbon Chain ◽

Catalytic Performance ◽

High Viscosity ◽

Vacuum Distillate ◽

Base Oil

AbstractNobel metallic Pt/ZSM-22 and Pt/ZSM-23 catalysts were prepared for hydroisomerization of normal dodecane and hydrodewaxing of heavy waxy lube base oil. The hydroisomerization performance of n-dodecane indicated that the Pt/ZSM-23 catalyst preferred to crack the C–C bond near the middle of n-dodecane chain, while the Pt/ZSM-22 catalyst was favorable for breaking the carbon chain near the end of n-dodecane. As a result, more than 2% of light products (gas plus naphtha) and 3% more of heavy lube base oil with low-pour point and high viscosity index were produced on Pt/ZSM-22 than those on Pt/ZSM-23 while using the heavy waxy vacuum distillate oil as feedstock.

Download Full-text

Non-hydrogen Catalytic Dewaxing for Oil Production

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.1677 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 418-420 ◽

pp. 1677-1681

Author(s):

Jie Li ◽

Lian Xiong ◽

Fei Ding ◽

Hai Rong Zhang ◽

Xin De Chen

Keyword(s):

Molecular Sieves ◽

Pour Point ◽

Oil Production ◽

Diesel Oil ◽

Waste Plastics ◽

Base Oil ◽

Thermal Pyrolysis ◽

Catalytic Dewaxing

Waste plastics can be converted to diesel oil and lube base oil by thermal pyrolysis and dewaxing. ZEM-5, H-ZEM-5, Fe/H-ZEM-5 and Co/H-ZEM-5 catalyst were prepared. The influences of additive metals and type of molecular sieves on catalyst were discussed. The results showed that the additon of metallic components enhances the activity of catalyst, produces the low pour point diesel oil, and greatly reduces the pour point of lube base oil. The catalyst impregnated with Fe was more effective than one impregnated with Co. The qualities of oil production were also improved more with H-ZEM-5 than ZEM-5.

Download Full-text