The Impact of 20 Years of Risk Assessment on Public Health

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1219-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher T. De Rosa ◽  
Hugh Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
The Impact

FDA-iRISK—A Comparative Risk Assessment System for Evaluating and Ranking Food-Hazard Pairs: Case Studies on Microbial Hazards

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUHUAN CHEN ◽  
SHERRI B. DENNIS ◽  
EMMA HARTNETT ◽  
GREG PAOLI ◽  
RÉGIS POUILLOT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Impact

Stakeholders in the system of food safety, in particular federal agencies, need evidence-based, transparent, and rigorous approaches to estimate and compare the risk of foodborne illness from microbial and chemical hazards and the public health impact of interventions. FDA-iRISK (referred to here as iRISK), a Web-based quantitative risk assessment system, was developed to meet this need. The modeling tool enables users to assess, compare, and rank the risks posed by multiple food-hazard pairs at all stages of the food supply system, from primary production, through manufacturing and processing, to retail distribution and, ultimately, to the consumer. Using standard data entry templates, built-in mathematical functions, and Monte Carlo simulation techniques, iRISK integrates data and assumptions from seven components: the food, the hazard, the population of consumers, process models describing the introduction and fate of the hazard up to the point of consumption, consumption patterns, dose-response curves, and health effects. Beyond risk ranking, iRISK enables users to estimate and compare the impact of interventions and control measures on public health risk. iRISK provides estimates of the impact of proposed interventions in various ways, including changes in the mean risk of illness and burden of disease metrics, such as losses in disability-adjusted life years. Case studies for Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella were developed to demonstrate the application of iRISK for the estimation of risks and the impact of interventions for microbial hazards. iRISK was made available to the public at http://irisk.foodrisk.org in October 2012.

scholarly journals TOOLS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT (TERA) - RUSSIAN INFORMATION-FORECASTING SYSTEMS, EXPERIENCE OF APPLICATION FOR HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 1088-1090
Author(s):  
Sergey M. Novikov ◽  
M. V. Fokin ◽  
T. A. Shashina ◽  
N. S. Dodina
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Assessment ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Environmental Objects ◽  
The Impact

There is presented a unique Russian computer information and predictive TERA (Tools for Environmental Risk Assessment) system aimed to carry on studies of the assessment of health risk related to the impact of chemical compounds that pollute the various environmental objects. There are considered main calculation modules of specialized databases, as well as the main identification table - TERAbase, allowing to observe all the methodological requirements and recommendations provided by the sanitary legislation, for doing so and for the examination of scientific and practical work on risk assessment to public health, accreditation and certification for risk assessment bodies. There is indicated the direction of solving the problem of information support for risk assessment work for health.

Failures in risk assessment and risk management for cosmetic preservatives in Europe and the impact on public health

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob F. Schwensen ◽  
Ian R. White ◽  
Jacob P. Thyssen ◽  
Torkil Menné ◽  
Jeanne D. Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals ESTIMATION AND RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE WASTE TREATMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 693-698
Author(s):  
Yu. I. Stepkin ◽  
Ekaterina P. Gaydukova
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Waste Management System ◽  
The Impact

In modern conditions, there are unacceptable risks of harm from exposure to hazardous chemical and biological factors for public health and the environment. The complexity and scale of environmental and hygiene problems that directly or indirectly affect the state of the nation’s health require active action on priority strategically important areas. One, of which is the waste management system, which can cope with the growing volumes and species diversity of waste. The components of the public health risk caused by the formation, accumulation, recycling, and disposal of wastes are the factors of the negative complex impact on the environment during inter-environment migration of pollutants. Solid municipal waste landfills are sources of long-term negative environmental impact due to the receipt of a highly toxic filtrate and biogas containing greenhouse gases and toxic substances. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of chemicals entering the atmospheric air from polygons with an assessment of the health risks. Studies have been conducted for a landfill located near and serving the largest urbanized area in the region. The methodology of risk assessment in accordance with R.2.1.10.1920-04 “Guidelines for the assessment of risk to public health in the impact of chemicals polluting the environment” has been applied. In the course of the study, a list of chemicals entering the atmospheric air during the life cycle and production activities of the landfill was determined based on the evaluation and analytical method. The risk assessment methodology applied in the waste management system allowed calculating of individual carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks, as well as hazard indices when exposed to critical organs and systems and to develop further tactics for conducting monitoring in the areas in the zone affected by the test site.

scholarly journals THE EXPERIENCE OF EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ON COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF RADIATION AND CHEMICAL HEALTH RISKS DUE TO EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. 1425-1431
Author(s):  
S. M. Novikov ◽  
Tatiana A. Shashina ◽  
N. S. Dodina ◽  
V. A. Kislitsyn ◽  
S. A. Skovronskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Nuclear Facilities ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The world practice of solving environmental problems has shown the effectiveness of modern environmental quality management schemes based on the analysis and risk management. Material and Methods. The use of risk assessment and analysis methodology allows obtaining quantitative characteristics of the possible damage, to compare the potential effects of radiation and chemical factors and to determine priority sources of danger. The main directions of the practical use of results of assessment of the risk arising from the impact of chemicals polluting the environment are: ranking of residential areas according to the levels of health risks from the studied factors, planning and evaluation of the results of social and hygienic monitoring (SHM), including the correction of planning and implementation, taking into account the priority sources of environmental pollution, the priority adjustment of sources of risks posING the greatest threat to public health. Results. Approaches to the research on the comparative assessment of carcinogenic risk and damage to public health from ionizing radiation and chemical carcinogens in various environmental objects have been developed. The results of studies in the locations of nuclear facilities in the Sverdlovsk region, the Kola Peninsula, the Voronezh region, the Krasnoyarsk territory, and the Leningrad region indicate to a much greater impact of the chemical risk factor on the population health compared to the radiation one. The primary environment of health risks in multimedia risk assessment is the air, what should be considered when developing regional environmental policies. Conclusion. The conducted studies have shown Contribution of nuclear power facilities to the formation of man-made risk to public health to be negligible and by orders of magnitude smaller than Contribution of risk from facilities emitting harmful chemicals. Atmospheric air is the main environment for the formation of health risks in the multimedia exposure to chemicals. Therefore, measures aimed at improving the quality of air should be regarded as a priority for the implementation of measures to preserve public health. The obtained results allow detecting the priorities of the policy in the field of health protection and sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population and contribute to the development of a strategy for further environmentally acceptable socio-economic development of the studied regions.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Greece reveals low rates of onward virus transmission after lifting of travel restrictions based on risk assessment during summer 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelia Georgia Kostaki ◽  
Georgios A. Pavlopoulos ◽  
Kleio-Maria Verrou ◽  
Giannis Ampatziadis-Michailidis ◽  
Vaggelis Harokopos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMolecular epidemiology has provided an additive value to traditional public health tools by identifying SARS-CoV-2 clusters, or providing evidence that clusters based on virus sequences and contact tracing are highly concordant. Our aim was to infer the levels of virus importation and to estimate the impact of public health measures related to travel restrictions to local transmission in Greece. Our phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses included 389 SARS-CoV-2 sequences collected during the first 7 months of the pandemic in Greece and a random collection in 5 replicates of 3,000 sequences sampled globally, as well as the best hits to our dataset identified by BLAST. Phylogenetic analyses revealed the presence of 70 genetically distinct viruses identified as independent introductions into Greece. The proportion of imported strains was 41%, 11.5%, and 8.8% during the three periods of sampling, namely, March (no travel restrictions), April to June (strict travel restrictions), and July to September (lifting of travel restrictions based on a thorough risk assessment), respectively. These findings reveal low levels of onward transmission from imported cases during summer and underscore the importance of targeted public health measures that can increase the safety of international travel during a pandemic.

DAMPAK PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH PADA KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT DI TPA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilda Emilda
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
The People ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
The Impact

The limitations of waste management in the Cipayung Landfill (TPA) causing a buildup of garbage up to more than 30 meters. This condition has a health impact on people in Cipayung Village. This study aims to analyze the impact of waste management at Cipayung Landfill on public health in Cipayung Village, Depok City. The research is descriptive qualitative. Data obtained by purposive sampling. Data was collected by interviews, observation and documentation. Based on interviews with 30 respondents, it was found that the most common diseases were diarrhea, then other types of stomach ailments, subsequent itching on the skin and coughing. This is presumably because the environmental conditions in the form of unhealthy air and water and clean and healthy living behaviors (PHBS) have not become the habit of the people. The results indicated that there were no respondents who had implemented all of these criteria. In general respondents have implemented  3 criteria, namely maintaining hair hygiene, maintaining skin cleanliness, and maintaining hand hygiene. While maintaining clean water storage is the most often overlooked behavior. To minimize this health impact, improvements in waste management in Cipayung landfill are needed along with continuous socialization and education to develop PHBS habits and the importance of maintaining a clean environment.

Exploring the World Trade Organisation's Trade and Environment/Public Health Jurisprudence as a Model for Incorporating a Trade–Labour Linkage into the Organisation's Multilateral Trade Regime: Should African Countries Accept a Policy Shift?

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-65
Author(s):  
Tapiwa V. Warikandwa ◽  
Patrick C. Osode
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Trade Regime ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
The World ◽  
Labour Standards ◽  
The Impact

The incorporation of a trade-labour (standards) linkage into the multilateral trade regime of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has been persistently opposed by developing countries, including those in Africa, on the grounds that it has the potential to weaken their competitive advantage. For that reason, low levels of compliance with core labour standards have been viewed as acceptable by African countries. However, with the impact of WTO agreements growing increasingly broader and deeper for the weaker and vulnerable economies of developing countries, the jurisprudence developed by the WTO Panels and Appellate Body regarding a trade-environment/public health linkage has the potential to address the concerns of developing countries regarding the potential negative effects of a trade-labour linkage. This article argues that the pertinent WTO Panel and Appellate Body decisions could advance the prospects of establishing a linkage of global trade participation to labour standards without any harm befalling developing countries.

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