A comparison of asthma prevalence in adolescents living in urban and semi-urban areas in northwestern Iran

Objective We sought to determine variables associated with asthma among children from military and non-military families. Methods We performed secondary data analysis on the 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Parents with and without military experience ( n = 61,079) were asked whether a child ever had asthma and currently has asthma. We used two multiple logistic regression models to determine the influence of rurality and geographic region on “ever” and “current” asthma in children of military and non-military families, while controlling for socio-demographic and behavioral variables. Results Overall childhood asthma prevalence for children in military families was lower than non-military families (ever, 9.7% vs. 12.9%; currently, 6.2% vs. 8.2%) in 2016. However, multiple logistic regression showed variation in “ever” and “current” asthma among children of military and non-military families by rurality and race. Discussion Developers of public health asthma interventions should consider targeting African-American children of military families living in urban areas. This population is approximately twice as likely to have asthma as Caucasian children of non-military families.

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Prevalence of Asthma and Risk Factors for Asthma-Like Symptoms in Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Children in the Northern Territories of Canada

Canadian Respiratory Journal ◽

10.1155/2008/302407 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 139-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Zhiwei Gao ◽

Brian H Rowe ◽

Carina Majaesic ◽

Cindy O’Hara ◽

A Senthilselvan

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Smoking Habit ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Daily Smoking ◽

Asthma Prevalence ◽

Infants And Toddlers ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Northern Territories ◽

Aboriginal Children

BACKGROUND: Few studies have investigated the prevalence and risk factors of asthma in Canadian Aboriginal children.OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of asthma and asthma-like symptoms, as well as the risk factors for asthma-like symptoms, in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children living in the northern territories of Canada.METHODS: Data on 2404 children, aged between 0 and 11 years, who participated in the North component of the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth were used in the present study. A child was considered to have an asthma-like symptom if there was a report of ever having had asthma, asthma attacks or wheeze in the past 12 months.RESULTS: After excluding 59 children with missing information about race, 1399 children (59.7%) were of Aboriginal ancestry. The prevalence of asthma was significantly lower (P<0.05) in Aboriginal children (5.7%) than non-Aboriginal children (10.0%), while the prevalence of wheeze was similar between Aboriginal (15.0%) and non-Aboriginal (14.5%) children. In Aboriginal children, infants and toddlers had a significantly greater prevalence of asthma-like symptoms (30.0%) than preschool-aged children (21.5%) and school-aged children (11.5%). Childhood allergy and a mother’s daily smoking habit were significant risk factors for asthma-like symptoms in both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children. In addition, infants and toddlers were at increased risk of asthma-like symptoms in Aboriginal children. In analyses restricted to specific outcomes, a mother’s daily smoking habit was a significant risk factor for current wheeze in Aboriginal children and for ever having had asthma in non-Aboriginal children.CONCLUSIONS: Asthma prevalence appears to be lower in Aboriginal children than in non-Aboriginal children. The association between daily maternal smoking and asthma-like symptoms, which has been mainly reported for children living in urban areas, was observed in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children living in northern and remote communities in Canada.

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Air Pollutants, Climate, and the Prevalence of Pediatric Asthma in Urban Areas of China

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/2935163 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Juanjuan Zhang ◽

Jihong Dai ◽

Li Yan ◽

Wenlong Fu ◽

Jing Yi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Regression ◽

Childhood Asthma ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Predictor Variable ◽

Asthma Prevalence

Background. Prevalence of childhood asthma varies significantly among regions, while its reasons are not clear yet with only a few studies reporting relevant causes for this variation.Objective. To investigate the potential role of city-average levels of air pollutants and climatic factors in order to distinguish differences in asthma prevalence in China and explain their reasons.Methods. Data pertaining to 10,777 asthmatic patients were obtained from the third nationwide survey of childhood asthma in China’s urban areas. Annual mean concentrations of air pollutants and other climatic factors were obtained for the same period from several government departments. Data analysis was implemented with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis.Results. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the situation of childhood asthma was strongly linked with SO2, relative humidity, and hours of sunshine (p<0.05). Multiple regression analysis indicated that, among the predictor variables in the final step, SO2was found to be the most powerful predictor variable amongst all (β=-19.572,p< 0.05). Furthermore, results had shown that hours of sunshine (β=-0.014,p< 0.05) was a significant component summary predictor variable.Conclusion. The findings of this study do not suggest that air pollutants or climate, at least in terms of children, plays a major role in explaining regional differences in asthma prevalence in China.

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Time Trends and Regional Variation in Prevalence of Asthma and Associated Factors in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/8102527 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Shalam Mohamed Hussain ◽

Syeda Ayesha Farhana ◽

Sulaiman Mohammed Alnasser

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Regional Variation ◽

Time Trends ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Publication Output ◽

Asthma Prevalence ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban

Background. Asthma is the most common reason for emergency visits to hospital and loss of productive hours. In Saudi Arabia, asthma affects more than 2 million people and majority of them have uncontrolled asthma with their quality of life adversely being impacted. It is well known that the prevalence of asthma has been increasing in many places around the world in the last few decades. The present review attempted to identify studies on asthma and associated factors in Saudi Arabian population and assess their time trends and regional variation. Methods. The titles and abstracts of retrieved articles were compared to delete duplication and irrelevant data. A data collection form was designed to extract several key components from selected articles like bibliographic information on the article, study population, and sample size. Extracted information was grouped appropriately for data analysis. Database search retrieved 71 articles. Applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 40 articles were excluded and 31 qualified full articles were included for the review. Results. Among 31 retained studies, Riyadh had the highest publication output followed by Jeddah. Ten studies were based on ISAAC and 5 on non-ISAAC questionnaires while 5 studies were genetic studies conducted to unravel the genetic basis of asthma. Most of the studies were conducted on pediatric subjects of less than 16 years of age. Sample sizes ranged from less than 150 to more than 10000 with study settings being predominantly urban (22 studies). The pooled weighted prevalence rates of asthma, lifetime wheeze, and rhinitis were 14.3% (95% CI: 13.4–15.2), 16.5 (95% CI 15.5–17.4), and 21.4 (95% CI 20.5–22.3), respectively. An increase in asthma prevalence from 1990 to 2000 along with a stabilized or not so significant decline in the prevalence from 2010 to 2016 was observed. Conclusion. The prevalence of asthma varied in different regions without any disparity in prevalence in the rural and urban areas of Saudi Arabia. The understanding of genetic variability and recognition of risk factors in asthma patients can greatly help in individualizing the therapy for the management and control of asthma.

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Trend of self-reported asthma prevalence in Brazil from 2003 to 2013 in adults and factors associated with prevalence

Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia ◽

10.1590/s1806-37562017000000328 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 (6) ◽

pp. 491-497 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Felipe Moraes dos Santos ◽

Karynna Pimentel Viana ◽

Luciana Tarbes Saturnino ◽

Evelyn Lazaridis ◽

Mariana Rodrigues Gazzotti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Female Gender ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Asthma Prevalence ◽

Annual Change ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The North ◽

Urban Rural ◽

Healthcare Insurance

ABSTRACT Objectives: To determine the trend of self-reported asthma diagnosed prevalence and to describe the factors associated with asthma in Brazilian adults. Method: Epidemiological cross-sectional study based on databases analysis from three national household surveys: Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) 2003, PNAD 2008 and Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) 2013. Participants between 18-45 years old were included. Trend analysis of asthma diagnosed prevalence was conducted using a logistic general linear model. A hierarchical logistic regression model was used to select factors significantly associated with asthma prevalence. Results: Asthma diagnosed prevalence was 3.6% (2003), 3.7% (2008) and 4.5% (2013), showing a statistically significant increased trend. Asthma diagnosed prevalence also increased when analysed by gender (annual change for men: 2.47%, p < 0.003; women: 2.16%, p < 0.001), urban area (annual change for urban: 2.15%, p < 0.001; rural: 2.69%, p = 0.072), healthcare insurance status (annual change without healthcare insurance: 2.18%, p < 0.001; with healthcare insurance: 1.84%, p = 0.014), and geographic regions (annual change North: 4.68%, p < 0.001; Northeast: 4.14%, p < 0.001; and Southeast: 1.84%, p = 0.025). Female gender, obesity, living in urban areas and depression were associated with asthma diagnosed prevalence. Discussion: PNAD and PNS surveys allow for a very large, representative community-based sample of the Brazilian adults to investigate the asthma prevalence. From 2003 to 2013, the prevalence of self-reported physician diagnosis of asthma increased, especially in the North and Northeast regions. Gender, region of residence, household location (urban/rural), obesity, and depression diagnosis seem to play significant roles in the epidemiology of asthma in Brazil.

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Socioeconomic and environmental determinants of adolescent asthma in urban Latin America: an ecological analysis

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/0102-311x00101414 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 31 (11) ◽

pp. 2367-2378 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gisel Lorena Fattore ◽

Carlos Antonio de Souza Teles Santos ◽

Mauricio Lima Barreto

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Latin American ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Social Inequalities ◽

International Study ◽

Phase Iii ◽

Asthma Prevalence ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Environmental Determinants ◽

Explanatory Variables

Abstract The prevalence of asthma is high in urban areas of many Latin-American countries where societies show high levels of inequality and different levels of development. This study aimed to examine the relationship between asthma symptoms prevalence in adolescents living in Latin American urban centers and socioeconomic and environmental determinants measured at the ecological level. Asthma prevalence symptoms were obtained from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) phase III. A hierarchical conceptual framework was defined and the explanatory variables were organized in three levels: distal, intermediate, proximal. Linear regression models weighed by sample size were undertaken between asthma prevalence and the selected variables. Asthma prevalence was positively associated with Gini index, water supply and homicide rate, and inversely associated with the Human Development Index, crowding and adequate sanitation. This study provides evidence of the potential influence of poverty and social inequalities on current wheezing in adolescents in a complex social context like Latin America.

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Management of minor ailments in primary schoolchildren in rural and urban areas

Child Care Health and Development ◽

10.1046/j.1365-2214.1996.787787.x ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 167-174

Author(s):

J A Cantrill ◽

B Johannesson ◽

M Nicholson ◽

P R Noyce

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Primary Schoolchildren ◽

Minor Ailments

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Cannabis use in Switzerland: The role of attribution of drug use to friends, urbanization and repression 1The study was supported by the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (Bundesamt für Gesundheit BAG) Grant 316.96.5980.

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024//1421-0185.60.2.99 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 99-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Holger Schmid

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Hierarchical Linear Model ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Structural Variables ◽

Hbsc Study ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Individual Use

Cannabis use does not show homogeneous patterns in a country. In particular, urbanization appears to influence prevalence rates, with higher rates in urban areas. A hierarchical linear model (HLM) was employed to analyze these structural influences on individuals in Switzerland. Data for this analysis were taken from the Switzerland survey of Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) Study, the most recent survey to assess drug use in a nationally representative sample of 3473 15-year-olds. A total of 1487 male and 1620 female students indicated their cannabis use and their attributions of drug use to friends. As second level variables we included address density in the 26 Swiss Cantons as an indicator of urbanization and officially recorded offences of cannabis use in the Cantons as an indicator of repressive policy. Attribution of drug use to friends is highly correlated with cannabis use. The correlation is even more pronounced in urban Cantons. However, no association between recorded offences and cannabis use was found. The results suggest that structural variables influence individuals. Living in an urban area effects the attribution of drug use to friends. On the other hand repressive policy does not affect individual use.

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