Trend of self-reported asthma prevalence in Brazil from 2003 to 2013 in adults and factors associated with prevalence

ABSTRACT Objectives: To determine the trend of self-reported asthma diagnosed prevalence and to describe the factors associated with asthma in Brazilian adults. Method: Epidemiological cross-sectional study based on databases analysis from three national household surveys: Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) 2003, PNAD 2008 and Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) 2013. Participants between 18-45 years old were included. Trend analysis of asthma diagnosed prevalence was conducted using a logistic general linear model. A hierarchical logistic regression model was used to select factors significantly associated with asthma prevalence. Results: Asthma diagnosed prevalence was 3.6% (2003), 3.7% (2008) and 4.5% (2013), showing a statistically significant increased trend. Asthma diagnosed prevalence also increased when analysed by gender (annual change for men: 2.47%, p < 0.003; women: 2.16%, p < 0.001), urban area (annual change for urban: 2.15%, p < 0.001; rural: 2.69%, p = 0.072), healthcare insurance status (annual change without healthcare insurance: 2.18%, p < 0.001; with healthcare insurance: 1.84%, p = 0.014), and geographic regions (annual change North: 4.68%, p < 0.001; Northeast: 4.14%, p < 0.001; and Southeast: 1.84%, p = 0.025). Female gender, obesity, living in urban areas and depression were associated with asthma diagnosed prevalence. Discussion: PNAD and PNS surveys allow for a very large, representative community-based sample of the Brazilian adults to investigate the asthma prevalence. From 2003 to 2013, the prevalence of self-reported physician diagnosis of asthma increased, especially in the North and Northeast regions. Gender, region of residence, household location (urban/rural), obesity, and depression diagnosis seem to play significant roles in the epidemiology of asthma in Brazil.

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Prevalence of falls in elderly in Brazil: a countrywide analysis

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0102-311x2011000900015 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 27 (9) ◽

pp. 1819-1826 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Fernando Vinholes Siqueira ◽

Luiz Augusto Facchini ◽

Denise Silva da Silveira ◽

Roberto Xavier Piccini ◽

Elaine Tomasi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Female Gender ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Low Socioeconomic ◽

The North ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Falls In Elderly

We conducted a cross-sectional study of a sample of 6,616 elderly living in urban areas of 100 municipalities in 23 Brazilian states, who responded to questions on the occurrence of falls in the 12 months prior to the interview, and occurrence of fractures due to the falls. The prevalence of falls among the elderly was 27.6% (95%CI: 26.5-28.7). Among those reporting falls, 11% had suffered fractures as a result. Of the elderly, 36% had received guidance about the precautions necessary to prevent falls, and about 1% had required surgery. Falls were associated with female gender, older age, low socioeconomic status, obesity and sedentary lifestyles. The prevalence of falls differed significantly between the North and other regions of Brazil. The study shows a high prevalence of falls, and underlines the need for preventive strategies targeting modifiable risk factors.

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Factors Associated With the Experience of Cognitive Training Apps for the Prevention of Dementia: Cross-sectional Study Using an Extended Health Belief Model

Journal of Medical Internet Research ◽

10.2196/31664 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. e31664

Author(s):

Jaegyeong Lee ◽

Jung Min Lim

Keyword(s):

Health Belief Model ◽

Cognitive Training ◽

Online Survey ◽

Mobile Apps ◽

Health Belief ◽

Female Gender ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Belief Model

Background The prevalence and economic burden of dementia are increasing dramatically. Using information communication technology to improve cognitive functions is proven to be effective and holds the potential to serve as a new and efficient method for the prevention of dementia. Objective The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with the experience of mobile apps for cognitive training in middle-aged adults. We evaluated the relationships between the experience of cognitive training apps and structural variables using an extended health belief model. Methods An online survey was conducted on South Korean participants aged 40 to 64 years (N=320). General characteristics and dementia knowledge were measured along with the health belief model constructs. Statistical analysis and logistic regression analysis were performed. Results Higher dementia knowledge (odds ratio [OR] 1.164, P=.02), higher perceived benefit (OR 1.373, P<.001), female gender (OR 0.499, P=.04), and family history of dementia (OR 1.933, P=.04) were significantly associated with the experience of cognitive training apps for the prevention of dementia. Conclusions This study may serve as a theoretical basis for the development of intervention strategies to increase the use of cognitive training apps for the prevention of dementia.

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Depression in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients: A Cross-sectional Study in Malaysia

Iranian Journal Of Health Sciences ◽

10.18502/jhs.v8i3.4310 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wan Nor Asyikeen Wan Adnan ◽

Siti Azrin Ab Hamid ◽

Zatul Rathiah Sulong ◽

Mohd Hashairi Fauzi

Keyword(s):

Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Ischemic Heart Disease ◽

Female Gender ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Ischemic Heart ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Coronary Syndrome

Background and purpose: Linked with high mortality rate, depression is common among acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. The current study sought to identify the factors associated with depression among ACS patients in Malaysia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 ACS patients in two Malaysian hospitals: Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kelantan and Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah (HSNZ), Terengganu. ACS patients were included if they were above 18 years of age, able to read and/or write in Bahasa Melayu language and had informed consent. Patients were excluded if they were intubated, had an altered mental status, mental retardation and had psychological problems prior to ACS. Depression in this study was defined as having dysphoria, hopelessness, devaluation of life, self-deprecation, lack of interest or involvement, anhedonia, and inertia among ACS patients. A questionnaire was distributed to all 400 ACS patients. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were used for data analysis. Results: The mean (standard deviation) age of ACS patients was 60.4 (11.3) years at Hospital USM and 61.2 (10.4) years at HSNZ. Nearly all of the depressive-ACS patients were Malay (79.4%), 85.9% were male, and 79.7% were married. Approximately 87.7% of depressive-ACS patients had ischemic heart disease, 87.1% had stroke, 83.4% had hyperlipidaemia, 81.8% had diabetes mellitus, and 80.7% had hypertension. The factors associated with depression were female gender (adjusted odd ratio (OR): 2.48, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.50, 4.10, p<0.001) and ischemic heart disease (adjusted OR: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.41, 4.25, p=0.002). Conclusion: The results showed that female gender and ischemic heart disease were the most significant associated factors of depression among ACS patients.

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Factors associated with low knowledge about sexually transmitted infections in subnormal agglomerate, in the Brazilian Amazon

Primary Health Care Research & Development ◽

10.1017/s1463423621000700 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

Author(s):

Glenda Roberta Oliveira Naiff Ferreira ◽

Ingrid Saraiva de Oliveira ◽

Wanne Letícia Santos Freitas ◽

Ana Luisa Brandão de Carvalho Lira ◽

Renata Karina Reis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

Urban Area ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Transmitted Disease ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Programmatic Factors

Abstract Background: Populations living in subnormal agglomerates in urban areas are more vulnerable to infections, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In these groups, inadequate knowledge about sexually transmitted infections can further increase the risk of contracting STIs. Aim: We investigated the factors associated with low knowledge about STIs in a peripheral population in the Brazilian Amazon. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Belém, in the Amazon region that has a high percentage of subnormal agglomerates in an urban area and a high incidence of STIs. Random sampling was adopted which resulted in a sample of 320 participants. To assess knowledge about STIs, the self-administered Sexually Transmitted Disease Knowledge Questionnaire was used. To assess aspects of vulnerability, a questionnaire was constructed which is linked to individual, social, and programmatic factors. The chi-square test, G test, and ordinal regression analyses were all performed. Findings: The sample of this study was composed of 320 participants. The mean age of the participants was 46.09 years. 37.5% (120), 50.6% (162), and 11.9% (38) showed low, medium, and high knowledge, respectively. Multiple analysis revealed that the factors associated with higher chance of having smaller knowledge about sexually transmitted infections were single/separated/divorced/widow(er) marital status (AOR: 1.80, CI: 1.15-2.84, P = 0.01); income equal to or less than one minimum wage (1.98, CI: 1.21-3.17, P = 0.00); equal to or over than 52 years old (AOR: 1.99, CI: 1.25-3.17, P = 0.00); lack of guidance by a health professional (AOR: 1.59, CI: 1.01-2.51, P = 0.04). Our results show that this community suffer from suboptimal levels of knowledge on STIs, which are linked to individual, social, and programmatic factors. Characterising the risk and vulnerabilities factors allows for carrying out appropriate interventions for populations living in subnormal agglomerates in urban area.

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Factors associated with medication adherence among people with diabetes mellitus in poor urban areas of Cambodia: A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0225000 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. e0225000 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Akiyo Nonogaki ◽

Hen Heang ◽

Siyan Yi ◽

Maurits van Pelt ◽

Hiroko Yamashina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Medication Adherence ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

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Factors associated with stunted growth in children below 11 years of age in Antioquia, Colombia, 2004

Colombia Medica ◽

10.25100/cm.v42i2.772 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 204-214

Author(s):

Bibiana Andrea Castro ◽

Edwin Rolando González ◽

Marta Cecilia Álvarez ◽

Angela María Segura

Keyword(s):

Basic Needs ◽

Female Gender ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

No Production ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Stunted Growth ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Head Of Household ◽

Representative Random Sample ◽

Years Of Schooling

Objective: To explore some factors associated to stunted growth in children below 11 years of age in the Department of Antioquia. Methodology: Cross-sectional study using the databases of alimentary and nutritional profiles in homes of Antioquia in 2004, based on a representative random sample of homes in the department (95% reliability and error margin of 3%). For this study, 100% of the records of children below 11 years of age were used. A model of generalized equations estimation was constructed for stunted growth classified by a Z score smaller than -2 standard deviation with respect to p 50 of the 1978 NCHS (Centro Nacional de Estadísticas de la Salud - National Center for Health Statistics). Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX Procedure: SAS version 9.1. Results: We found 18.6% of the children with stunted growth, 75% of the homes with male head of household, 70% of heads of household with maximum 5 years of schooling; 47% of homes were nucleated bi-parental, and 40% extensive with a 5-member median per home; 56.4% poor per unsatisfied basic needs, and 80% in alimentary insecurity. The factors associated to stunted growth were: female gender, 1-5 years of age, head of household with less than 6 years of schooling, more than 5 people in the home, more than two household members under 7 years of age, coming from a poor home per unsatisfied basic needs, belonging to a sub-region different from Medellin, food availability of less than 30 different foods per week, no production of food, and head of household under 40 years of age. Conclusions: Herein, we show evidence of the magnitude of poverty and association of precarious socioeconomic conditions with stunted growth in Antioquia. The study shows the importance of considerin

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Assessment of glycaemic control among self-reported cases of diabetes: an observation of a PPP model project

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20180237 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 611

Author(s):

Jagruti Prajapati ◽

Jaydip Oza ◽

B. B. Patel ◽

Sunil R. Avashia

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Economic Status ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Partnership Model ◽

Sociodemographic Determinants ◽

Urban Rural ◽

Diabetes Outcome

Background: Sociodemographic determinants of diabetes such as age, sex and socioeconomic status play a major role in diabetes outcome. It was necessary to design a research project to address this. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of diabetes and its sociodemographic factors such as age, gender, residential area, economic status and a level of education in the project districts. Methods: The cross sectional study was carried out in the project districts named Ahmedabad, Dahod and Valsad. Urban, rural and tribal population are above 30 years of age from different districts were covered to collect data on socio economic back ground and status of diabetes. Random blood sugar was measured by glucometer and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) by the HbA1c analyzer. Results: Proportion of male and female participants were near to equal. Percentage of self reported cases of diabetes (including controlled and uncontrolled) was 14.07% in urban areas while it was 5.24% in rural areas. Pre diabetes detection rate was more in rural area. During screening 11.83% of pre diabetes cases were identified. Difference between controlled and uncontrolled diabetes among illiterate and literate groups was statistically not significant. Conclusions: This preliminary observational study included more than 51000 participants visiting primary and community health centres from three districts of Gujarat. The public private partnership model helped in systematic approach towards screening and data collection. The study reported prediabetes cases higher than global prevalence. More controlled studies are required to define the mandatory screening protocol in resource constrained settings.

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Factors Associated With the Experience of Cognitive Training Apps for the Prevention of Dementia: Cross-sectional Study Using an Extended Health Belief Model (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.31664 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jaegyeong Lee ◽

Jung Min Lim

Keyword(s):

Health Belief Model ◽

Cognitive Training ◽

Online Survey ◽

Mobile Apps ◽

Health Belief ◽

Female Gender ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Belief Model

BACKGROUND The prevalence and economic burden of dementia are increasing dramatically. Using information communication technology to improve cognitive functions is proven to be effective and holds the potential to serve as a new and efficient method for the prevention of dementia. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with the experience of mobile apps for cognitive training in middle-aged adults. We evaluated the relationships between the experience of cognitive training apps and structural variables using an extended health belief model. METHODS An online survey was conducted on South Korean participants aged 40 to 64 years (N=320). General characteristics and dementia knowledge were measured along with the health belief model constructs. Statistical analysis and logistic regression analysis were performed. RESULTS Higher dementia knowledge (odds ratio [OR] 1.164, P=.02), higher perceived benefit (OR 1.373, P<.001), female gender (OR 0.499, P=.04), and family history of dementia (OR 1.933, P=.04) were significantly associated with the experience of cognitive training apps for the prevention of dementia. CONCLUSIONS This study may serve as a theoretical basis for the development of intervention strategies to increase the use of cognitive training apps for the prevention of dementia.

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Experience of fatigue and associated factors among adult people living with HIV attending ART clinic: a hospital-based cross-sectional study in Ethiopia

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042029 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. e042029

Author(s):

Moges Baye ◽

Berihu Fisseha ◽

Mulugeta Bayisa ◽

Solomon Mekonnen Abebe ◽

Balamurugan Janakiraman

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Low Income ◽

Female Gender ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hiv Care ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Gondar Town ◽

Living With Hiv

ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the prevalence of fatigue and the factors associated among adult people living with HIV attending antiretroviral therapy clinic in Gondar town, Ethiopia.DesignCross-sectional.SettingGovernmental health facility that provides HIV care in Gondar town.Outcome measureFatigue is defined by nine items version Fatigue Severity Scale.ParticipantsAdult (aged 18 and above) people living with HIV in Gondar town (n=392).ResultA total of 408 HIV seropositive adults were approached for consent, among which 392 participants consented to participate in this study, with a response rate of 96.1%. The mean age of the participants was 40.5±8.5 years. The prevalence of HIV-related fatigue was 53.3% and about 66% of women living with HIV experienced fatigue. The factors associated with fatigue experience were; female gender (adjusted OR (AOR): 2.61, 95% CI 1.01 to 5.3), being married (AOR: 0.18, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.9), low income (AOR: 7.1, 95% CI 4.6 to 22.15), unemployed (AOR: 2.79, 95% CI 1.19 to 9.84), parity (AOR: 4.87, 95% CI 2.18 to 17.9), being anaemic (AOR: 12.45, 95% CI 5.6 to 41.01), depression (AOR: 4.51, 95% CI 1.91 to 11.20), mild weight loss (AOR: 4.2 95% CI 2.56 to 13.9) and moderate weight loss (AOR: 5.1, 95% CI 1.85 to 16.12), respectively.ConclusionThe findings of this study revealed that experiencing fatigue is quite common among adult people living with HIV. It is important for the healthcare professionals and people living with HIV to understand; the possible causes of fatigue, remedies and ways to reclaim energy. The predisposing factors and complications that cause fatigue should be aggressively diagnosed and treated by the clinicians. Further qualitative studies exploring the reasons for experiencing HIV-related fatigue might help designing interventions.

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Examining the Factors Associated With Sexual Violence Against Women in Sierra Leone: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260520922344 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 088626052092234

Author(s):

Abdul Rahman Shour ◽

Ronald Anguzu ◽

Yuhong Zhou ◽

Kirsten Beyer

Keyword(s):

Sexual Violence ◽

Sierra Leone ◽

Representative Sample ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Survey Design ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The North ◽

Nationally Representative

In 2019, Sierra Leone declared national emergency over rape and other forms of sexual violence (SV), hence diverting resources from other issues to tackle SV. However, little is known about nationwide risk/protective factors for SV, and this has been a source of critique for the new policy. To fill this gap in knowledge, we investigated the factors for SV toward women using a nationally representative sample. We analyzed the 2013 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data, including 16,658 women, aged 15–49 years. The outcome was current SV, defined as being physically forced to have sexual intercourse within the last 12 months. We examined respondent’s background, sexual activities, and experience of domestic violence (DV). Logistic regression analyses were performed using STATA/SE v.15.1, accounting for survey design and sample weights. Values of p less than .05 were considered statistically significant. ArcMap was used to demonstrate geographic distribution of SV cases. We found that about 258 (6.3%) women reported SV. In adjusted analysis, women in the north (than south; 2.88, 95% CI = [1.44, 5.75]) and women circumcised between the ages of 1 and 14 (1.67, 95% CI = [1.10, 2.54]) reported higher risk of SV, respectively. Women who had sex more than 25 times per year were 6.9 times more likely to report SV, compared with those with 1 to 24 times (6.91, 95% CI = [1.48, 32.19]). The odds of SV were 6 times higher among women who reported experiencing recent physical violence (5.86, 95% CI = [2.49, 13.80]) or history of SV (6.34, 95% CI = [2.57, 15.65]). In conclusion, this study adds to the literature by providing information on major factors associated with SV toward women in Sierra Leone using a nationally representative sample. Women in the north (Tonkolili), circumcised between the ages of 1 and 14, had sex more than 25 times per year, reported physical violence (12 months before the survey) and SV (ever forced to have sex) reported higher risk for current SV. While more research is needed, these findings will help inform the current emergency operations against SV in Sierra Leone.

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