Cold acclimation potential of watercress in relation to growing season and nutrient status

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Rothwell ◽  
L. W. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Acclimation Potential

Quackgrass (Agropyron repens) Interference on Corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank L. Young ◽  
Donald L. Wyse ◽  
Robert J. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Agropyron Repens

Field studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of quackgrass [Agropyron repens(L.) Beauv. ♯ AGRRE] density and soil moisture on corn (Zea maysL.) growth and yield. Quackgrass densities ranging from 65 to 390 shoots/m2reduced corn yield 12 to 16%. A quackgrass density of 745 shoots/m2reduced corn yields an average of 37% and significantly reduced corn height, ear length, ear-fill length, kernels/row, rows/ear, and seed weight. In the soil moisture study, quackgrass was shorter than corn throughout the growing season, and analyses of corn leaf tissue indicated that quackgrass did not interfere with the nutrient status of the corn. In 1979, soil moisture was not limiting and corn yields were similar in all treatments regardless of irrigation or the presence of quackgrass. In 1980, soil moisture was limited and irrigation increased the yield of quackgrass-free corn. Irrigation also increased the yield of quackgrass-infested corn to a level similar to irrigated corn. When light and nutrients are not limiting factors, an adequate supply of soil moisture can eliminate the effects of quackgrass interference on the growth, development, and yield of corn.

Possible Causes of Dry Pea Synergy to Corn

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy L. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
Corn Grain

Dry pea improves corn yield and tolerance to weed interference compared with soybean, spring wheat, or canola as preceding crops. To understand this synergy between dry pea and corn, growth and nutrient concentration of corn were examined following dry pea or soybean in sequence. Each corn plot was split into weed-free and weed-infested subplots, with foxtail millet established at one density to provide uniform weed interference. Compared with soybean, dry pea improved corn grain yield 10% in weed-free conditions and corn tolerance to weed interference more than twofold. Dry pea synergy to corn in weed-free conditions was not related to differences in corn development, height, or nutrient status of corn seedlings. When foxtail millet was present, dry pea increased corn height and rate of development late in the growing season compared with soybean. Improved corn tolerance to weed interference was not related to seedling emergence or growth of foxtail millet, as these parameters did not vary with preceding crop. Other biological factors must be involved in dry pea synergy to corn.

Cation-anion relationships in crop nutrition: I. Factors affecting cations in Italian rye-grass

1964 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Rye Grass ◽  
Ion Interactions ◽  
Crop Nutrition ◽  
Chemical Composition Of Plants

The chemical composition of plants depends on many things, the species, the type of soil, the climate, the manuring, and it also changes during the growing season as different results can be obtained from samples of the same plant taken at different times. For plant analysis to be used in assessing the nutrient status and manurial requirements of crops there is need for knowledge not only about the above factors which can affect the chemical composition of crops but also about others that are less obvious, such as ion interactions. Ions can interact in two ways called antagonism and synergism; antagonism means that the uptake of one ion decreases the uptake of another ion and synergism that uptake of one increases the uptake of another.

scholarly journals The Role of Calcium and Nitrogen in Postharvest Quality and Disease Resistance of Apples

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 751C-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Fallahi ◽  
William S. Conway ◽  
Kenneth D. Hickey ◽  
Carl E. Sams
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
N Application ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Leaf N

In several experiments, strong negative correlations were found between fruit and leaf N vs. fruit color and fruit N vs. firmness, but a positive correlation existed between fruit Ca vs. firmness in apples. Based on these relationships, several models were developed to predict postharvest quality using preharvest nutrient status. Quantity and timing of N application to produce optimum-quality fruit in `Delicious', `Fuji', and `Gala' apples have also been investigated. High levels of nitrogen adversely affected fruit quality and increased endogenous ethylene and respiration. In separate experiments, the effects of seven post-bloom CaCl2 applications on various postharvest pathogens were studied in four apple cultivars. Calcium applications did not increase fruit Ca sufficiently enough to reduce colonization or maintain firmness after 4 months of 0C storage, but did slightly reduce infection by these pathogens during the growing season.

Nutrient status of apple trees in two productive orchards in Tasmania

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (116) ◽  
pp. 232 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Graley
Keyword(s):  
Relative Stability ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
First Year ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Different Soils

The nutrient status of apple trees was assessed in two productive orchards on different soils in southern Tasmania. The concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in leaf samples was determined over three growing seasons, once in the first year and at three-weekly intervals in the second and third years. Comparisons were made with overseas standards of sufficiency in the elements, and relations were sought with apple yields and tree growths. For most of the elements there was a period of relative stability in concentration towards the latter half of the growing season (late January-early February). The representative concentration of all elements, estimated during this period, declined only slightly in the successive years but remained at sufficient levels, even though growth of the trees and apple yields increased greatly. A moderately high concentration of potassium in the leaves of a number of trees appeared to be associated with a depressed yield of the apples, apparently because it lowered the concentration of magnesium in the leaves.

scholarly journals Effect of Topdressed Controlled-release Fertilizer Rates on Nursery Crop Quality and Growth and Growing Substrate Nutrient Status in the Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Jane Clark ◽  
Youbin Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Outdoor Nursery ◽  
Over Time

The objectives of the current study were to 1) determine the best topdressed controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) application rates for quality and growth of two nursery crops under temperate climate outdoor nursery production conditions in the Niagara region, Ontario, Canada, and 2) evaluate the nutrient status of the growing substrate following topdressing of two CRF types during the growing season. Fall-transplanted Goldmound spirea (Spiraea ×bumalda ‘Goldmound’) and Wine & Roses® weigela [Weigela florida (Bunge) A. DC. ‘Alexandra’] were grown in 2-gal (7.56 L) containers and topdressed on 7 May 2015 with Osmocote Plus 15N–3.9P–9.9K, 5–6 month CRF or Plantacote 14N–3.9P–12.5K, 6 month Homogeneous NPK with Micros. CRF was applied at rates of 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, 7.5, and 9.0 g nitrogen (N)/pot for both species. The best plants at the end of the growing season (i.e., 23 Sept. 2015) were spirea at 3.0–4.5 and 3.0–6.0 g N/pot, and weigela at 3.0–4.5 and 6.0 g N/pot, with Osmocote and Plantacote, respectively. At CRF rates above these rates, the majority of plants showed no increase in growth or quality attributes. All weigela plants, despite CRF application rate, showed K deficiency symptoms during the study. Using marketable-size criteria and plant growth data over time, estimates of production timing are presented for fall-transplanted, spring-topdressed weigela and spirea. These estimates may assist growers in choosing CRF application rates to meet time-sensitive production goals. Early in the growing season, NO3-N and P concentrations in the growing substrate were highest at CRF rates ≥4.5 and ≥6.0 g N/pot, respectively, and P continued to be high in August and September at 9.0 g N/pot. NH3-N and K concentrations at all CRF application rates were greater early in the growing season and decreased over time. At high CRF rates toward the end of the growing season, concentrations of NO3-N, NH3-N, and P once again increased. Considering crop-specific CRF application rates and understanding changes in growing substrate nutrient status during the growing season may help nursery growers prevent negative environmental impacts from over-fertilizing.

Intraseasonal growth and nutrient composition of jack pine needles following fertilization

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 696-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Morrow ◽  
V. R. Timmer
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Seasonal Responses

Seasonal responses in dry weight, nutrient concentration, and nutrient content of current and year-old needles of plantation jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) were examined after treatment with factorial combinations of N, P, and K applied at 0 and 100 kg/ha, respectively. Nitrogen fertilization not only increased dry matter production and N composition of new needles, but also increased uptake of P, K, Ca, and Mg by prolonging the active growing season. Net translocation of N from old to new foliage occurred only in N-deficient trees at the peak of the growing season. Application of P and (or) K failed to increase growth and nutrient uptake of needles, except for P additions which induced luxury consumption of phosphorous. Diagnosis of foliar nutrient status indicated P and K as sufficient and N as deficient for growth in this stand.

Comparing natural and planted black spruce seedlings. II. Nutrient uptake and efficiency of use

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2435-2442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison D. Munson ◽  
Pierre Y. Bernier
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Nutrient Ratios ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Net Export ◽  
Strong Culture

The acclimation of planted black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) seedlings to site nutrient condition was assessed by comparing their nutrient status with that of naturally regenerated seedlings on the same site during a 2-year period. The seasonal patterns for N, P, and K status (nutrient concentration and content) were markedly different for planted and natural seedlings. The former showed an early season decline in concentration that was less evident or absent in natural seedlings. This pattern persisted 1 year after planting, although biomass accumulation increased. Nutrient ratios indicated a strong culture regime effect on the balance of nutrients. This effect was considerably diluted 1 year after transplantation. Phosphorus and K levels in 1-year transplants and natural seedlings were close to the defined optimums for black spruce. Nutrient use efficiency of planted seedlings tended to increase with acclimation to site. Retranslocation from older needles of planted seedlings indicated net export of nutrients, while natural seedlings had a storage capacity in older foliage, indicated by net nutrient accumulation at the end of the growing season. Planting significantly reduced biomass allocation to current foliage, and naturally regenerated seedlings produced current foliage earlier in the growing season compared to planted seedlings.

scholarly journals Nitrate Leaching Potential under Variable and Uniform Nitrogen Fertilizer Management in Irrigated Potato Systems

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.M Whitley ◽  
J.R Davenport
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Variable Rate ◽  
Fertilizer Management ◽  
Leaching Potential

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) production in Washington State's Central Columbia Plateau faces nitrogen (N) management challenges due to the combination of coarse textured soils (sandy loam to loam) and hilly topography in this region as well as the high N requirement of potato. Potato growth and development can vary with the N availability across the field. In this 2-year study, two adjacent potato fields were selected each year (1999 and 2000). Each field was soil sampled on a 200 × 200 ft (61.0 m) grid to establish existing soil N content. One field was preplant fertilized with variable N rate while the other was conventionally preplant fertilized, applying a uniform rate across the field based on the field average. During the growing season, each field was monitored for nitrate leaching potential using ion exchange membrane technology. Soil and plant nutrient status were also monitored by collecting in-season petiole and soil samples at two key phenological stages, tuber initiation and tuber bulking. Overall this research showed that variable rate preplant N fertilizer management reduced N leaching potential during the early part of the growing season, but did not persist the entire season. Since preplant N accounted for only 40% of the total seasonal N applied, it is possible that further gains could be made with variable rate in-season N application or with variable rate water application.

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