Orthographic Rime Priming

1993 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith A. Bowey
Keyword(s):  
Target Word ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Word Naming ◽  
Naming Speed ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Priming Technique

Three experiments are described, each using a partial priming technique in which a target word was briefly preceded by a masked trigram. The relative strength of priming effects was assessed by comparing the difference in target word naming times between unprimed and primed trials in different priming conditions. Experiment 1 replicated previous work in demonstrating stronger priming when the target word was primed by the orthographic rime than when the prime constituted otherwise comparable word-final trigrams that do not constitute orthographic rimes. Experiment 2 compared orthographic, phonological rime, and control primes. Only orthographic rime primes reliably increased target word naming speed, although the priming effect was less selective with longer prime durations. In Experiment 3 priming was observed for both orthographic rime and phonological rime primes shown for 150 msec. However, stronger priming was observed with orthographic rime primes. These experiments demonstrate that orthographic rime priming effects do not simply reflect the activation of an intact subunit of the target word articulation program.

Grammatical Priming of Visual Word Recognition in Fourth grade Children

1996 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 1005-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith A. Bowey
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Onset Asynchrony ◽  
Target Word ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Context Effects ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Semantic Context ◽  
Word Naming ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Onset Asynchrony

Previous work examining context effects in children has been limited to semantic context. The current research examined the effects of grammatical priming of word-naming in fourth-grade children. In Experiment 1, children named both inflected and uninflected noun and verb target words faster when they were preceded by grammatically constraining primes than when they were preceded by neutral primes. Experiment 1 used a long stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) interval of 750 msec. Experiment 2 replicated the grammatical priming effect at two SOA intervals (400 msec and 700 msec), suggesting that the grammatical priming effect does not reflect the operation of any gross strategic effects directly attributable to the long SOA interval employed in Experiment 1. Grammatical context appears to facilitate target word naming by constraining target word class. Further work is required to elucidate the loci of this effect.

Eyeblink Activity in a Word-Naming Task as a Function of Semantic Priming and Cognitive Load

1996 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 835-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Ohira
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Target Word ◽  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Naming Speed ◽  
Prime Word ◽  
Priming Task ◽  
Prime Target

Eyeblink activity was examined based on a discrete-trial paradigm in which 17 subjects engaged in a semantic priming task. They were presented a series of pairs of words (prime and target) associatively related or associatively unrelated and were required to name them as quickly as possible. Cognitive load or difficulty of naming of the target word was also manipulated. The latency data for naming of the target word showed a typical priming effect, namely, facilitation of naming speed by the associatively related prime word. The eyeblink rate changed synchronically to onset of stimuli as a function of prime-target relationship and cognitive load during the task. Specifically, the eyeblink rate was suppressed during presentation of the target word and peaked just after that. This study showed that suppression of eyeblinks was longer on trials with high cognitive loads than on those with low cognitive loads and the peak of eyeblink rate was higher on trials for which the prime and target were unrelated than on those for which they were related. These results suggested that the eyeblink activity is influenced by inner cognitive processes of word recognition.

Syllabic Priming Effects in Picture Naming in French

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyril Perret ◽  
Patrick Bonin ◽  
Alain Méot
Keyword(s):  
Picture Naming ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Masked Priming ◽  
Word Naming ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Initial Syllable ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Naming Latencies

Ferrand, Segui, and Grainger (1996 ) found robust syllable priming effects in picture naming latencies: Pictures primed with their initial syllable (e.g., ba for baleine [whale]) were processed faster than pictures primed with a string of letters shorter or longer than their initial syllable (e.g., bal for baleine). However, in several studies, these priming effects have not been replicated in word naming or in picture naming either in Dutch or in English ( Schiller, 1998 , 1999 , 2000 ). The present study was aimed at replicating syllable priming effects in picture naming in French using a masked priming paradigm. The study employed a larger number of participants and items than were used in the Ferrand et al. (1996 ) study. The syllable priming effect in picture naming latencies was not replicated. Subsampling procedures were then used to examine the stability of the Ferrand et al. (1996 ) pattern of results in picture naming in greater detail. The syllabic priming effect in picture naming turned out to be an extremely rare event.

Priming deficits in amnesia: Now you see them, now you don't

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARNE L. OSTERGAARD
Keyword(s):  
Explicit Memory ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Word Priming ◽  
Episodic Information ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
And Control ◽  
Availability Model ◽  
Naming Latencies

The rate with which perceptual information becomes available was manipulated in 2 word naming experiments. Word priming effects, in terms of reduced naming latencies for repeated items, and recognition memory measures were obtained with matched groups of amnesic patients and control participants. In both experiments, the amnesic patients evidenced significantly reduced priming effects compared to control participants under difficult task conditions. Under easy task conditions the baseline naming latencies of the amnesics were significantly longer than those of controls, but the difference in priming effects failed to reach significance. The findings are consistent with the Information Availability model of priming positing that both priming and explicit memory are mediated by episodic information from a study or information processing episode. It is argued that word priming does not represent a memory function that is spared in amnesia. (JINS, 1999, 5, 175–190.)

Priming Effect as Related to Difficulty in Selection for Overlapping Stimuli Manipulated by the Relative Line Thickness of Attended and Unattended Figures

1998 ◽  
Vol 86 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1219-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Kobari
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Experimental Situation ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
The Other ◽  
Line Thickness ◽  
Relative Line ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

The present study examined how difficulty of ignoring unattended stimulus affected the negative priming. To establish an experimental situation with intentional ignoring, subjects were presented overlapping stimuli consisting of two figures of different colors and were required to attend to one of the figures while ignoring the other. Moreover, the difficulty in selection was manipulated by their line thickness. The assumption was that the magnitude of that difficulty should increase with the ratio of line thickness of the unattended figure to that of the attended one. Reaction time was measured in both ignored repetition and control conditions. In the former, both the unattended figure in the prime and the attended one in the probe were of the same form, while in the latter, they were different. Priming effect was indicated by the difference between the two reaction times. Two experiments showed that the priming effect changed with the ratio of line thickness, depicted as a V-shaped curve. The effect was facilitative at the ratio of line thickness of 1, which was inconsistent with the previous studies reporting an inhibitive effect. The following two experiments, however, confirmed that the effect at the ratio of 1 was facilitative when the ratio of line thickness was varied, but it was inhibitive when the ratio of line thickness was fixed within a session. The inconsistency could then be attributed to the difference in the manipulation of the ratio of line thickness.

The Priming of Word Associations: A Levels-of-Processing Approach

1987 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette M. B. de Groot
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Associative Priming ◽  
Experimental Task ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Lexical Decisions ◽  
Random Letter ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Parallel Processing Model

Four experiments are reported in which the magnitude of the associative-priming effect is manipulated by varying both the experimental task and the conditions within a given task. The between-task manipulation involved a comparison of priming effects in length categorization on the one hand and lexical decision on the other. The within-task manipulation involved varying the type of letter strings presented as the nonword stimuli in lexical decisions. Pseudowords and two types of orthographically illegal letter strings—namely, consonant strings and random letter strings—served as nonwords. Finally, the effect of varying the proportion of pseudowords to illegal nonwords across four sets of experimental materials was investigated. On the whole, these within-and between-task manipulations turned out to be very effective ways of affecting the size of the associative-priming effect. Also, the size of the lexicality effect (the difference between the RTs to word and nonword stimuli) varied systematically with these within-and between-task manipulations. The results are discussed in relation to both Shulman and Davison's (1977) parallel-processing model and Balota and Chumbley's (1984) account of lexical decision.

Masked Translation Priming Effects With Highly Proficient Simultaneous Bilinguals

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Andoni Duñabeitia ◽  
Manuel Perea ◽  
Manuel Carreiras
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Hierarchical Model ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Masked Priming ◽  
The Other ◽  
Memory Organization ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Bilingual Memory ◽  
Translation Priming ◽  
Masked Translation Priming

One essential issue for models of bilingual memory organization is to what degree the representation from one of the languages is shared with the other language. In this study, we examine whether there is a symmetrical translation priming effect with highly proficient, simultaneous bilinguals. We conducted a masked priming lexical decision experiment with cognate and noncognate translation equivalents. Results showed a significant masked translation priming effect for both cognates and noncognates, with a greater priming effect for cognates. Furthermore, the magnitude of the translation priming was similar in the two directions. Thus, highly fluent bilinguals do develop symmetrical between-language links, as predicted by the Revised Hierarchical model and the BIA+ model. We examine the implications of these results for models of bilingual memory.

Analysis of the horizontal structure of a measurement and control geodetic network based on entropy

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Mrówczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Geodetic Network ◽  
The State ◽  
Observation System ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Optimum Structure ◽  
Horizontal Structure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Measurement And Control ◽  
Horizontal Displacements

Abstract The paper attempts to determine an optimum structure of a directional measurement and control network intended for investigating horizontal displacements. For this purpose it uses the notion of entropy as a logarithmical measure of probability of the state of a particular observation system. An optimum number of observations results from the difference of the entropy of the vector of parameters ΔHX̂ (x)corresponding to one extra observation. An increment of entropy interpreted as an increment of the amount of information about the state of the system determines the adoption or rejection of another extra observation to be carried out.

PENINGKATAN KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR SISWA SMP MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanti Jumaisyaroh Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Mathematic Teacher ◽  
Self Regulated Learning ◽  
Regulated Learning ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Direct Learning ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Learning Data

The purposes of this research were to know: the difference of improvement in self-regulated learning of students that given problem-based learning with students that given  direct learning. The type of this research is a quasi-experimental research by taking samples from the existing population. The variable of this research consist of independent variable that is problem based learning model while the dependent variable isself regulated learning of student.The population of this research is all students of SMP Swasta Ar-rahman Percut and the sample of this research is grade eight with taken sample two classes (experiment and control)  with total 60 students. The instrument of this research were: scale of self-regulated learning. Data that have been collected then analyzed and performed hypothesis testing by using T-test. Based of the results analysis, it showed that: improvment  of the students’ self-regulated learning that given problem-based learning was higher than the students’ ability that given direct learning His then, suggested that problem-based learning be used as an alternative for mathematic teacher to improved students’ ability in mathematical critical thinking and self-regulated learning.

FINANCIAL CONTROLLING IN THE SYSTEM OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Petya Yordanova – Dinova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Innovative Approach ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
And Control

This paper explores the comparative analysis of the financial controlling, who is a result from the common controlling concept and the financial management. In the specialized literature, financial controlling is seen as an innovative approach to financial management. It is often presented as the most promising instrument of financial diagnostics. Generally speaking, financial controlling is seen as a process of managing the company`s assets which are valued in monetary measures. The difference between the financial management and the financial controlling is that the second covers all functions of management, analysis and control of finances, aiming at maximizing their effective use and increasing the value of the enterprise. Financial controlling is often seen as a function of the common practice of financial management. Its objective is to preserve the financial stability and financial sustainability of enterprises operating in a highly aggressive business environment.

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