Determinants of functional status of family size bio-digesters: empirical evidence from southern Ethiopia

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to obtain empirical evidence on the impacts of socio-economic and demographic factors on the fertility decisions taken by a common family in developing countries like Pakistan. Also, this study contravenes the conventional orthodoxy of childbirth decisions of a family by enlarging the canvas and conjectures the fundamental nexus amongst female’s education, fertility and contraceptive use. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on micro-level data, obtained from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (2012-2013) which is the third survey carried out in Pakistan. Demographic and socio-economic profiles of 13,558 ever-married women, aged 15-49 years, were randomly selected from Gilgit Baltistan and the four provinces of Pakistan. Three dependent variables are used in empirical analysis i.e. current use of contraceptives, total fertility and cumulative fertility. In order to estimate the probability of contraceptive use maximum likelihood, Probit technique is employed with ordinary least squares on reduced form specifications of total fertility and cumulative fertility models. Findings The empirical results proved the hypotheses that educated females practice more family planning through modern contraceptives which leads to a decrease in total fertility rates. Some significant links among females’ education, contraceptive use and fertility define the quantity – quality trade-off and opportunity cost of time. Evidently, female education provides maturity and awareness of family size which is necessary to take crucial economic decisions. Research limitations/implications The empirical evidence suggests that maximum efforts should be made toward women’s education. The current standard of education in Pakistan is not enough to overcome the long-standing problem of excessive child birth. This could be done with the help of public – private partnership as the measures taken by the government alone are insufficient. The government should initiate some adequate measures such as education and awareness about contraceptive usage at the secondary school level that could be a vivacious step to support fertility reduction. Practical implications The framework used in this study provides a broader intra-household income–expenditure approach. With a smaller family size, the household’s income would be shared among fewer individuals. It is highly probable that parents would be more attentive if they need to look after a few children. That is the best way to progress their children with limited resources. Social implications From the socioeconomic perspectives, educated parents plan the ideal family size which allows them to spend more on their children’s upbringing. Originality/value This study captures the magnitude of fertility decisions with the relevance of the wife’s education because the present practice in Pakistan does not allow higher education for married women. This is why this study could be used as a benchmark for further study in the same area.

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Choosing Anthropometric Indicators to Monitor the Response to Treatment for Severe Acute Malnutrition in Rural Southern Ethiopia—Empirical Evidence

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu9121339 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1339 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amare Tadesse ◽

Elazar Tadesse ◽

Yemane Berhane ◽

Eva-Charlotte Ekström

Keyword(s):

Empirical Evidence ◽

Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽

Acute Malnutrition ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Anthropometric Indicators

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Scabies Outbreak Investigation and Risk Factors in East Badewacho District, Southern Ethiopia: Unmatched Case Control Study

Dermatology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2018/7276938 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jarso Sara ◽

Yusuf Haji ◽

Achamyelesh Gebretsadik

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Family Size ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽

Case Control ◽

Outbreak Investigation ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Face To Face

Introduction. Scabies is one of the common public health problem but neglected parasitic diseases caused bySarcoptes scabieivar.hominis.Global scabies prevalence in both sexes was 204 million. In Ethiopia, scabies is also a common public health issue but there is lack of studies regarding outbreak investigation and risk factors in the study area. This study was aimed to investigate the scabies suspected outbreak and risk factors in East Badewacho District, Southern Ethiopia, 2016.Methods. A community-based unmatched case control (1 : 2 ratios) study was conducted in East Badewacho District, using collected scabies line listed data and face-to-face interview to assess risk factors during October 23–30, 2016. The data were collected using structured questionnaire, and then the data were coded, entered, cleaned, and analyzed using SPSS statistical software, whereas, line listed data was entered into Microsoft excel for descriptive analyses. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were computed to determine associated factors.Results. A total of 4,532 scabies cases line listed with overall attack rate of 110/1,000 population. The mean age was 12 years, and most affected age group was 5–14 years. Independent risk factors found to be statistically associated with scabies infestation were age less than 15 years (AOR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.31–5.22), family size greater than 5 members (AOR = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.10–6.27), bed sharing with scabies cases (AOR = 12.47, 95% CI: 3.05–50.94), and home being affected by flooding (AOR = 22.32, 95% CI: 8.46–58.90).Conclusion. Outbreak of scabies occurred in East Badewacho District. Age less than 15 years, family size greater than five members, sleeping with others, and home being affected by flooding are the risk factors. Providing risk factors related health education on prevention and controls especially, at community level and schools, is recommended.

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Effects of Family Size and Wealth on Size of Land Cultivated by Borana Pastoralists in Southern Ethiopia

Human Ecology ◽

10.1007/s10745-014-9711-3 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 15-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Did Boru ◽

Moshe Schwartz ◽

Michael Kam ◽

A. Allan Degen

Keyword(s):

Family Size ◽

Southern Ethiopia

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Analysis of poverty, income inequality and their effects on food insecurity in southern Ethiopia

Agriculture & Food Security ◽

10.1186/s40066-020-00269-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sisay Debebe ◽

Efta Hizkiel Zekarias

Keyword(s):

Income Inequality ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Quantile Regression ◽

Regression Model ◽

Family Size ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Housing Program ◽

Over Time

Abstract Background Reduction of poverty and income inequality, and ensuring food security is the main goal of the Ethiopian government. In response, declines of national poverty were observed over time, but it is still a worrying concern as a significant proportion of the population remains poor. However, the trends of income inequality are rising substantially over time and thereby might exacerbate the food insecurity status in the country. This study aims to measure, identify determinants, and analyze the effects of poverty and income inequality on food insecurity status of households in Sawla town of southern Ethiopia. Methodology A two-stage sampling technique was used to select 227 sampled households’ heads. This study applied descriptive statistics, Foster Greer Thorbecke approach, binary logistic, and quantile regression models to analyze the data. Results The finds of this study reveals that 34% of households are living below the poverty line with a poverty gap index of 11% and severity index of 5.6%. The average income inequality with Gini coefficient index is found to be 0.447. Both poverty and income inequality result is quite larger than the national average of the country. The sample households are food insecure with 20.7% depth and 13% severity indexes of food insecurity. The levels of poverty and income inequality are more worrisome among the food-insecure households. Moreover, the logistic regression model shows that levels of education, family size, being divorced, the main occupation, savings, and house ownership negatively and significantly affected the household level of poverty. Quantile regression model result shows that age, level of education, income, family size, health, savings, remittances, electric, credit, and house ownership affected households’ level of income of the study area. Conclusion The study suggests strengthening the existing welfare-oriented strategies by undertaking intra-household resource allocations for women, encouraging participation of diversified business activities, promoting the use of family planning methods, strengthening formal education, microfinance institution and housing program by targeting impoverished households in the town.

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Undernutrition and its determinants among adolescent girls in low land area of Southern Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0240677 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. e0240677

Author(s):

Yoseph Halala Handiso ◽

Tefera Belachew ◽

Cherinet Abuye ◽

Abdulhalik Workicho ◽

Kaleab Baye

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Family Size ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Educational Status ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Health Extension Workers ◽

Community Based ◽

Nutrition Services

Background Undernutrition is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among adolescent girls worldwide, especially in South-East Asia and Africa. Even though adolescence is a window of opportunity to break the intergenerational cycle of undernutrition, adolescent girls are a neglected group. The objective of this study was to assess the nutritional status and associated factors among adolescent girls in the Wolaita and Hadiya zones of Southern Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted, and a multistage random sampling method was used to select a sample of 843 adolescent girls. Anthropometric measurements were collected from all participants and entered in the WHO Anthro plus software for Z-score analysis. The data was analyzed using EPI-data 4.4.2 and SPSS version 21.0. The odds ratios for logistic regression along with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were generated. A P-value < 0.05 was declared as the level of statistical significance. Result Thinness (27.5%) and stunting (8.8%) are found to be public health problems in the study area. Age [AOR(adjusted odds ratio) (95% CI) = 2.91 (2.03–4.173)], large family size [AOR (95% CI) = 1.63(1.105–2.396)], low monthly income [AOR (95% CI) = 2.54(1.66–3.87)], not taking deworming tablets [AOR (95% CI) = 1.56(1.11–21)], low educational status of the father [AOR (95% CI) = 2.45(1.02–5.86)], the source of food for the family only from market [AOR (95% CI) = 5.14(2.1–12.8)], not visited by health extension workers [AOR (95% CI) = 1.72(1.7–2.4)], and not washing hand with soap before eating and after using the toilet [AOR (95% CI) = 2.25(1.079–4.675)] were positively associated with poor nutritional status of adolescent girls in the Wolaita and Hadiya zones, Southern Ethiopia. Conclusion Thinness and stunting were found to be high in the study area. Age, family size, monthly household income, regularly skipping meals, fathers’ educational status, visits by health extension workers, and nutrition services decision-making are the main predictors of thinness. Hand washing practice, visits by health extension workers, and nutrition services decision-making are the main predictors of stunting among adolescent girls. Multisectoral community-based, adolescent health and nutrition programs should be implemented.

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