scholarly journals Key issues for participatory research in the design and implementation of humanitarian assistance: a scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1826730
Author(s):  
Ilja Ormel ◽  
Jon Salsberg ◽  
Matthew Hunt ◽  
Alison Doucet ◽  
Lisa Hinton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Participatory Research ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Key Issues

Regulations and Norms for Reuse of Residual Clinical Biospecimens and Health Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 019394592110292
Author(s):  
Elizabeth E. Umberfield ◽  
Sharon L. R. Kardia ◽  
Yun Jiang ◽  
Andrea K. Thomer ◽  
Marcelline R. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Real World ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Federal Regulations ◽  
Secondary Research ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
Key Issues

Nurse scientists are increasingly interested in conducting secondary research using real world collections of biospecimens and health data. The purposes of this scoping review are to (a) identify federal regulations and norms that bear authority or give guidance over reuse of residual clinical biospecimens and health data, (b) summarize domain experts’ interpretations of permissions of such reuse, and (c) summarize key issues for interpreting regulations and norms. Final analysis included 25 manuscripts and 23 regulations and norms. This review illustrates contextual complexity for reusing residual clinical biospecimens and health data, and explores issues such as privacy, confidentiality, and deriving genetic information from biospecimens. Inconsistencies make it difficult to interpret, which regulations or norms apply, or if applicable regulations or norms are congruent. Tools are necessary to support consistent, expert-informed consent processes and downstream reuse of residual clinical biospecimens and health data by nurse scientists.

scholarly journals What do you mean by engagement? – evaluating the use of community engagement in the design and implementation of chronic disease-based interventions for Indigenous populations – scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahr Wali ◽  
Stefan Superina ◽  
Angela Mashford-Pringle ◽  
Heather Ross ◽  
Joseph A. Cafazzo
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Community Engagement ◽  
Participatory Research ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Indigenous Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Engagement Strategies

Abstract Background Indigenous populations have remained strong and resilient in maintaining their unique culture and values, despite centuries of colonial oppression. Unfortunately, a consequential result of facing years of adversity has led Indigenous populations to experience a disproportionate level of poorer health outcomes compared to non-Indigenous populations. Specifically, the rate of Indigenous chronic disease prevalence has significantly increased in the last decade. Many of the unique issues Indigenous populations experience are deeply rooted in their colonial history and the intergenerational traumas that has subsequently impacted their physical, mental, emotional and spiritual well-being. With this, to better improve Indigenous health outcomes, understanding the local context of their challenges is key. Studies have begun to use modes of community engagement to initiate Indigenous partnerships and design chronic disease-based interventions. However, with the lack of a methodological guideline regarding the appropriate level of community engagement to be used, there is concern that many interventions will continue to fall short in meeting community needs. Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the how various community engagement strategies have been used to design and/or implement interventions for Indigenous populations with chronic disease. Methods A scoping review guided by the methods outlined by Arksey and O’Malley was conducted. A comprehensive search was completed by two reviewers in five electronic databases using keywords related to community engagement, Indigenous health and chronic disease. Studies were reviewed using a descriptive-analytical narrative method and data was categorized into thematic groups reflective of the main findings. Results We identified 23 articles that met the criteria for this scoping review. The majority of the studies included the use a participatory research model and the procurement of study approval. However, despite the claimed use of participatory research methods, only 6 studies had involved community members to identify the area of priority and only five had utilized Indigenous interview styles to promote meaningful feedback. Adapting for the local cultural context and the inclusion of community outreach were identified as the key themes from this review. Conclusion Many studies have begun to adopt community engagement strategies to better meet the needs of Indigenous Peoples. With the lack of a clear guideline to approach Indigenous-based participatory research, we recommend that researchers focus on 1) building partnerships, 2) obtaining study approval and 3) adapting interventions to the local context.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of a Modular Bidirectional Switch Using SiC-MOSFET for Power Converter Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Maqueda ◽  
Jorge Rodas ◽  
Sergio Toledo ◽  
Raúl Gregor ◽  
David Caballero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Modular Form ◽  
Modular Design ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Power Device ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Key Issues

The bidirectional switch (Bi-Sw) is a power device widely used by power conversion systems. This paper presents a novel modular design of a Bi-Sw with the purpose of providing to beginner researchers the key issues to design a power converter. The Bi-Sw has been designed in modular form using the SiC-MOSFET device. The Bi-Sw uses the advantages of SiC-MOSFET to operate at high switching frequencies. The verification of the module is carried out experimentally by means of the implementation in a voltage regulating converter, where performance analysis, power losses, and temperature dissipation are performed.

scholarly journals Using an Adversary Hearing to Evaluate the Effectiveness of a Military Program

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Miller ◽  
Jeanne Butler
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Professional Development Program ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Development Initiatives ◽  
Survey Evaluation

This study describes the design and implementation of an adversary hearing used to evaluate professional development initiatives in a military environment. The adversary hearing model used in the evaluation was developed to meet the requirements of an environment that differs from other environments in which adversary hearings have been used. The evaluation was conducted to determine whether a professional development program of the U. S. Army, Europe, actually enhanced soldier development and demonstrated consideration by leaders for their followers. Several key issues relate d to program effectiveness were discovered in the process of the adversary hearing that were not evident in a survey evaluation of the program.

scholarly journals A scoping review on the key elements and effects of cardiovascular disease management programmes based on community-based participatory research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohyun Park ◽  
Juhyeon Yang
Keyword(s):  
Participatory Research ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Community Based Participatory Research ◽  
Management Programme ◽  
Community Based ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Cardio Vascular

Abstract Background. This scoping review aims to analyse the literature on community based participatory research (CBPR) -based cardio vascular disease (CVD) management programmes, examining the key elements of their development and implementation and exploring their effectiveness. Methods. This study is based on the scoping review methodology, consisted of six stages: 1) identifying the research question; 2) identifying relevant studies—search strategy; 3) study selection; 4) charting the data; 5) collating, summarising, and reporting the results; and 6) consultation exercise. The electronic databases used for the literature search were PubMed, Cochrane, and CINAHL. The search period was from 4 March to 3 April 2020. We selected studies that: 1) were published after 2000; 2) targeted community residents over the age of 18; and 3) proposed a CBPR-based CVD management programme, described its development process, or evaluated its effects based on its application. The data were extracted independently by two researchers according to the standardised form. Results. Among the key elements of such programmes, there were many cases in which community organisations played the leading role in establishing partnerships and cases in which a decision-making committee was formed. Regarding the application of the CBPR principles, community partners participated only in executing the research and not in the process of analyzing and interpreting research results. In addition, In all six RCT studies, the experimental groups showed significantly positive effects compared to the control groups. Conclusion. It is necessary to develop strategies to improve the criteria based on which CBPR principles cannot be implemented during the development and implementation of a CBPR-based CVD management programme. In addition, more attempts to verify the effectiveness of high-quality research methodology should be made when evaluating the effectiveness of programmes.

The Design and Implementation of Rural Communication Technology Initiatives

2004 ◽  
pp. 83-99
Author(s):  
Lyn Simpson ◽  
Leonie Daws ◽  
Leanne Wood
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Community Technology ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Technology Initiatives ◽  
Potential Interactions

Communication technology initiatives have proved to be an important influence in rural communities in recent years. Our research has demonstrated that such initiatives have far-reaching effects on a community’s formal and informal social networks and, as a result, on its social capital. Given this fact, it is critical that leaders and management committees of community technology projects are aware of the broader social context in which project activities take place, and the potential interactions that can both benefit and damage community social capital. This chapter addresses key issues that have arisen out of a number of major communication technology projects in Queensland, Australia, and draws upon our findings to propose guidelines that will assist project planners with the design and implementation of future communication technology initiatives in the context of regional and rural community development.

Part V The Scope of Refugee Protection, Ch.41 Refugee Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pobjoy Jason M
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Family Reunification ◽  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
Refugee Children ◽  
Significant Protection ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Refugee Protection ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Durable Solutions

This chapter focuses on refugee children. International law affords all refugee children special protection, under both the Refugee Convention and, of particular significance, the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). The CRC recognizes children as independent rights-bearers, entitled to a comprehensive set of civil, political, social, economic, and cultural rights that are designed to cater for their specific needs. The rights set out under the CRC apply to all children, wherever they find themselves, without discrimination. Evidently there is a significant protection gap. This chapter traces the development of international law relating to refugees and to children, before addressing six key issues: first, the notion of childhood and the difficulties in proving age; secondly, the application of the refugee definition to children; thirdly, the extent to which the CRC is capable of affording independent and more appropriate forms of protection status for children; fourthly, a refugee child's entitlement to appropriate protection and humanitarian assistance (article 22 of the CRC); fifthly, the availability of durable solutions; and finally, family reunification.

Students' Acceptance of Mobile Learning

2020 ◽  
pp. 354-373
Author(s):  
Xiaoqing Li
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Learning ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Learning Systems ◽  
Mobile Users ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Mobile Learn ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Key Issues

With the rapid development of telecommunications, mobile learning is appearing as a promising learning approach for students to learn anytime anywhere. However, many key issues regarding the design and implementation of mobile learning are still unclear. This research investigates key factors leading to the acceptance of mobile learning based on students' use of Blackboard Mobile Learn. The research findings will help instructors to design courses for mobile users and system developers to design better mobile learning systems.

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