Cadmium and lead in animal tissue (muscle, liver and kidney), cow milk and dairy products in Korea

Abstract Milk and dairy products contain a number of biologically active compounds (proteins, lipids, vitamins and minerals) that are essential for human nutrition. The most common procedures for demineralization are based on ion exchange-, nanofiltration- and electrodialysis-based technologies. In this study, the application of membrane filtration-based partial demineralization of cow milk was investigated and the process modelled. Using design equations, the partial demineralization process was designed and the economy of the process calculated. The modelling and simulation of the partial demineralization process was carried out by the SuperPro Designer programme. As the first step the unit operations of the demineralization technology were defined using the tools of the programme. The SuperPro Designer possesses industrial tools with reactor models, chemical components, a database of mixtures, and price estimations. By analysing the influence of the operation parameters, the feasibility of the proposed process was investigated. From the results of the modelling it can be concluded that the partial demineralization process can be successfully implemented, achieving the expected demineralization rates with a relatively good payback time of two years.

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Enrichment of cow milk by feeding potassium iodide

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200020901 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2007 ◽

pp. 187-187

Author(s):

Reza Valizadeh ◽

Mohammad Ali Norouzian ◽

Fereydoon Azizi ◽

Mehdi Hedayeti ◽

Abbas Ali Naserian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormones ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Mineral Metabolism ◽

Active Form ◽

Iodine Content ◽

Iodine Concentration ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Central Nervous Systems ◽

Inclusion Rate ◽

Milk And Dairy Products

Iodine is an essential dietary element for mammals, required for the synthesis of the thyroid hormones; thyroxin (T4, 3,5,3’,5’-tetraiodothyronine), and its active form T3 (3,5,3’-triiodothyronine) (SCF,2002). Thyroid hormones play a major role in the growth and development of brain and central nervous systems, control of several metabolic processes in body including carbohydrate, fat, protein, vitamin and mineral metabolism (EFSA, 2005). Milk and dairy products are an important source of iodine for human. Iodine concentration of cow milk can be influenced by its concentration in the diet or pasteurization process. A Linear correlation between iodine content of the diet and concentration in cow milk has been reported (Hemken; 1979, Fish & Swenson; 1982, Lysbet et. al, 2003). This study was conducted in order to increase the iodine concentration of cow milk in accordance with human requirements by examining (i) inclusion rate of iodine in the animals diet and (ii) the effect of pasteurization process.

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POLYETHYLENE PACKAGING WITH SILVER AND ZINC MICROPATICLES AND ITS INFLUENCE ON MILK QUALITY

IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA ◽

10.6060/ivkkt.20216403.6295 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 82-91

Author(s):

Gennady V. Rodionov ◽

Anna P. Olesyuk ◽

Elena Ya. Koltinova ◽

Vladislav V. Egorov ◽

Natalya A. Malofeeva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Products ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Silver Content ◽

Glass Container ◽

Milk Quality ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Anaerobic Microorganisms ◽

Microbiological Parameters ◽

Number Of Bacteria ◽

Milk And Dairy Products

Protection of milk and dairy products from the effects of microorganisms and surface spoilage by the introduction of antimicrobial additives into packaging materials is a relevant and promising method. This publication is devoted to the preparation of a microparticle-modified ECOS preparation (silver salts and oxide) of a polyethylene package, the study of its properties and effects on the composition of milk. The basic physicochemical and microbiological parameters of milk during storage, as well as the possible migration of microparticles into milk and model liquids were studied by the methods of elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and laser dynamic light scattering. It was found that such indicators as the content of fat, protein, lactose, dry substances remain unchanged within the experimental error for the initial milk, milk aged for 24 h in a glass container, and in contact with the modified polyethylene. When stored in glassware at room temperature (24 °C), the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms in a day amounted to 8.1 · 106 CFU/cm3, while the number of bacteria in the package with ECOS was 6 times less. It was found that the silver content in milk in contact with the modified polyethylene is negligible. The amount of zinc increases within 24 h by 10%, which is not critical in terms of milk quality indicators. It is shown that storing milk in a polymer package made with ECOS preservatives allows to suppress the development of microorganisms in cow milk, does not lead to any significant change in its composition and does not affect the quality.

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Effect of processing on the bioaccessibility of essential minerals in goat and cow milk and dairy products assessed by different static in vitro digestion models

Food Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131739 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 131739

Author(s):

José Luan da Paixão Teixeira ◽

Débora Parra Baptista ◽

Eduardo Adilson Orlando ◽

Mirna Lúcia Gigante ◽

Juliana Azevedo Lima Pallone

Keyword(s):

Dairy Products ◽

In Vitro Digestion ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Essential Minerals ◽

Milk And Dairy Products

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Variations in contamination by mercury, cadmium and lead on swine farms in the district of Hodonin in 1994 to 1999

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/7872-vetmed ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 46 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 132-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

R. Ulrich ◽

J. Raszyk ◽

A. Nápravník

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Environmental Samples ◽

Animal Tissue ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Swine Farms ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

The Mean ◽

Cadmium And Lead ◽

Feed Samples

Environmental samples (n = 254) were collected at regular intervals from 1994 to 1999 on three swine farms in the area of the district town Hodonín, Czech Republic. The samples of feed mixtures (n = 85), barn dust sediments (n = 44), and muscular (n = 42), hepatic (n = 41), and renal (n = 42) tissues of feeder pigs were analysed for the concentrations of mercury, cadmium and lead. The concentrations of mercury showed decreasing tendencies in animal tissue samples (1994–1996). Compared with the mean for the Czech Republic, the concentration of mercury was markedly higher in liver and kidney samples (0.064 mg/kg and 0.114 mg/kg, respectively) collected in 1998, the concentration of cadmium was moderately higher in feed, muscle, liver, and kidney samples collected in 1996–1998. Statutory limits were exceeded in two liver and two kidney samples and one feed sample only. The concentration of lead in muscle, kidney, and feed samples (1994–1996) and barn dust samples (1996–1998) showed also a decreasing tendency. However, the limit was exceeded in 16 muscle samples (0.11 to 0.23 mg/kg) collected in 1994–1999 and two kidney samples collected in 1996 (0.74 mg/kg) and 1999 (0.77 mg/kg). Heavy metals present in dust sediments apparently did not contribute significantly to their content in animal tissue. While the health risk resulting from the contents of mercury and cadmium can be classified as moderate, the contents of lead must be regarded as markedly more dangerous.

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Determination of cadmium and lead in milk

Butlerov Communications ◽

10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-62-4-140 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 140-143

Author(s):

Svetlana V. Zhitar ◽

◽

Natalia N. Yasсhenko ◽

Anatoly N. Lyschikov ◽

Elena G. Zinovieva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Toxic Substances ◽

Cadmium Content ◽

Lead And Cadmium ◽

Cadmium And Lead ◽

Milk And Dairy Products

This paper presents the results of quantitative determination of cadmium and lead in milk, the quality of which is regulated by the Federal Law "Technical Regulations for Milk and Dairy Products" No. 88-FL of 12.06.2008, which indicates permissible levels of toxic substances in milk and basic dairy products. Cadmium and lead, as well as their compounds, are highly toxic substances of cumulative action and pose a serious danger to human and animal health, which makes regular monitoring of the content of these heavy metals in food, in particular milk, relevant. Eight samples of milk sold in the territory of the Chuvash Republic were selected as subjects of the study. Among them are six samples from popular shops of Cheboksara (trademarks “Just”, “Fresh tomorrow”, “From Krasuli”) and two samples of raw cow milk of private farms of Yadrin district (village of Grand Sundyr and village of Persirlana). The analysis of the crude, pasteurized and ultra heat-treated milk of various producers on the content of lead and cadmium at their joint presence was carried out by methods of an inversion voltamperometriya (GOST P 51301-99) and atomic and absorbing spectrometry (MU 01-19/47-11-92 “Methodical instructions by atomic and absorbing methods of definition of toxic elements in foodstuff”) and also in accordance with GOST 26932-96 “By raw materials and foodstuff. Lead Determination Methods” and GOST 26933-86 “Raw Materials and Food Products. Cadmium definition methods”. The minimum lead and cadmium content is found in “Just” brand milk samples of 0.0052±0.0016 and 0.0011±0.0013 mg/kg, respectively. The maximum lead content is found in samples of raw milk of Yadrin district (0.0262±0.0017 mg/kg), and cadmium – in milk of the manufacturer of the trademark “Just” from factory “Semisovsky” (0.0049±0.0007 mg/kg). It has been found that all the samples studied contain a very small amount of heavy metals, which does not exceed the MPC value, which makes it possible to highly assess the quality of milk and dairy products sold in Chuvashia.

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PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN COW MILK AND DAIRY PRODUCTS FROM THE MAJOR MILK PRODUCING AREA OF SRI LANKA

AGROFOR ◽

10.7251/agreng1903083j ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Jagath JAYASINGHE ◽

Samudra PATHIRANA ◽

Dhammi DILHANI ◽

Senevirathne NAVARATHNA ◽

Manoj SINHAPURA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Pesticide Residues ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Fermented Milk ◽

World Health ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Pasteurized Milk ◽

Fresh Milk ◽

Sterilized Milk ◽

Milk And Dairy Products

Nuwara Eliya district is the leading fresh milk producing area in Sri Lanka. In the district, pesticides are widely applied for intensive cultivation of vegetables which leads to contamination of water and material used to feed cows. Contamination and health risk hazards of organophosphorus pesticide residues in milk and dairy products originated in the district were studied. Identification and quantification of eleven commonly used pesticides in 50 milk samples and 12 dairy product samples were performed using standard analytical methods and GC-MS technique. Results revealed that fresh milk contained residues of Prothiofos (0.0568±0.037 mg/kg), Diazinon (0.0378±0.009 mg/kg), Chlorpyrifos (0.0264±0.004 mg/kg), Profenofos (0.196±0.099 mg/kg), Fipronil (0.1906±0.188 mg/kg), Phenthoate (0.1012±0.110mgkg), Dimethoate (0.1196±0.201 mg/kg) and Tebuconazole (0.062±0.069 mg/kg) at higher levels than the recommended maximum residue levels (MRLs) of the World Health Organization. Sterilized milk (0.0115±0.000 mg/kg) and fermented milk (0.022±0.004 mg/kg) contained higher levels of Profenofos than the MRLs. Higher levels of Fipronil than MRLs were observed in pasteurized milk (0.086±0 mg/kg) and fermented milk (0.014±0.000 mg/kg) samples. Phenthoate at higher levels than MRL was reported in pasteurized milk (0.3645±0.402 mg/kg), sterilized milk (0.1405±0.197 mg/kg) and milk powder (0.0055±0.000 mg/kg). Moreover, Dimethoate content in fermented milk (0.087±0.012 mg/kg) was higher than the MRL. Routine monitoring of the above pollutants in food items including fresh milk and value added milk products is essential to prevent, control and reduce the pollution and to minimize the health risks to consumers.

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