Food intake, weight gain, food conversion ratio, breast muscle weight and abdominal fat weight in broiler chickens fed on diets of varying protein quality

The response of male broiler chickens to graded amounts of an essential amino acid (methionine) or an amino acid analogue (methionine hydroxy analogue free acid, MHA-FA) was examined in this experiment. The effects of each supplement on food intake, food conversion and the masses of a demand tissue (breast meat) and an indicator of body fat (abdominal fat pad) were measured. Birds grew significantly faster, ate more and had a lower food conversion ratio when there was more DL-methionine or MHA-FA in the diet. After standardising the differences in food intake between treatments, there were still highly significant differences in liveweight between diets. After removing the variation due to treatment differences in body mass, the data showed that adding either DL-methionine or MHA-FA to the diet increased the mass of breast meat and reduced the size of the abdominal fat pad. Exponential equations fitted to the body mass and feed conversion ratio data indicate that, in an equimolar comparison, MHA-FA is 78 and 70% as potent as DL-methionine for growth and feed conversion ratio respectively. Similar equations fitted to the carcass data show that MHA-FA is only 71% as potent as DL-methionine in depositing breast tissue. Increasing amounts of DL-methionine reduced the variability in liveweight and carcass, breast and abdominal fat pad weights. Adding 0.05% MHA-FA reduced variability in these traits compared with the basal ration but higher amounts of MHA-FA had no additional effect.

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The effect of an anabolic steroid on the performance and carcass measurements of gilts and barrows in the finishing stages of growth

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100035303 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 293-301

Author(s):

I. H. Williams ◽

A. C. Dunkin

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Anabolic Steroid ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Live Weight ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Food Conversion ◽

Significant Treatment ◽

Food Conversion Ratio ◽

Different Levels

Summary1. An experiment involving 64 individually-penned pigs (32 females (gilts) and 32 castrated males (barrows)) was conducted over the live weight range 50 to 83 kg, to study the effects of a parenterally administered anabolic steroid upon the performance and carcass measurements of gilts and barrows given either a 15·0% or an 18·8% crude protein (CP) diet at two different levels.2. The steroid significantly improved both daily weight gain (+5·2%) and food conversion ratio (+4·8%) of gilts and barrows.3. There were no significant treatment interactions for either daily weight gain or food conversion ratio, but the data suggest that gilts responded to the hormone to a greater extent than barrows at the particular dose level of the steroid administered.4. The steroid significantly improved the carcass, as assessed by linear backfat measurements, of pigs given the higher CP diet but had no effect upon carcass measurements of pigs given the lower CP diet.

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Management strategies to maximize pigmeat output: effect of group size and split-marketing

Animal Science ◽

10.1079/asc41270171 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 81 (1) ◽

pp. 171-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. K. O'Connell ◽

P. B. Lynch ◽

J. V. O'Doherty

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Food Intake ◽

Group Size ◽

Unit Area ◽

Live Weight ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Carcass Weight ◽

Food Conversion ◽

Food Conversion Ratio ◽

2D And 3D

AbstractTwo experiments were completed with grower-finisher pigs to determine if pigmeat output, as measured by carcass gain per m2 per year, could be increased, by 1: increasing group size or 2: split-marketing pen groups. In experiment 1, 390 pigs (mean initial live weight 36·7 (s.d. 1·99) kg) were assigned to one of three treatments each with 10 replicates: 11, 13 or 15 pigs per single-sex group in pens measuring 11·04 m2. Space allowance was 1·00, 0·85 and 0·74 m2 per pig, respectively. Pelleted food was provided ad libitum. There were no differences (P > 0·05) between group sizes in growth rate, food intake, food conversion ratio, carcass growth and carcass food conversion ratio, backfat and muscle depth or carcass lean content. Pigmeat output per unit area increased with each increase in group size (234, 279 and 314 kg/m2 per year for 11, 13 and 15 pigs: P < 0·001). In experiment 2, 26 groups of 13 pigs (mean initial live weight 38·3 (s.d. 2·15) kg) were assigned to one of three treatments: 1D - group sold on 1 day (no. = 9), 2D - group sold over 2 days (14 days apart, no. = 10), or 3D - group sold over 3 days (each 7 days apart, no. = 7). Pigs were given a standard liquid diet three times daily. No differences (P > 0·05) were observed between treatments for overall growth rate, food intake, food conversion ratio, carcass weight, carcass lean content, backfat and muscle depth, carcass growth and carcass food conversion ratio or killing-out proportion of pigs. Split-marketing increased cycle length (67·7, 75·9 and 76·8 days for 1D, 2D and 3D, respectively; P < 0·001). Live and carcass daily growth rates per pig place decreased with increase in number of sale days (live: 772, 680, 670 g/day and carcass: 658, 575, 571 g/day; P < 0·001). Carcass gain per unit area decreased in split-marketed groups (358, 318, 312 kg/m2 per year for 1D, 2D and 3D, respectively: P < 0·05). Carcass weight variation (s.d.) within pen decreased with each increase in number of sale days (s. d. 5·28, 3·81 and 1·74, respectively; P < 0·001). In conclusion, pigmeat output, as measured by carcass gains per m2 per year, was improved with increase in group size and by marketing all pigs in a group on a single day.

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The performance of Hereford × Friesian offspring of bulls selected for lean growth rate and lean food conversion efficiency

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100020523 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 23-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. C. Bishop ◽

J. S. Broadbent ◽

R. M. Kay ◽

I. Rigby ◽

A. V. Fisher

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Food Intake ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Carcass Composition ◽

Control Line ◽

Food Conversion ◽

Breeding Values ◽

Lean Growth ◽

Food Conversion Ratio

AbstractThe performance of Hereford × Friesian calves sired by Hereford bulls selected for either lean growth rate (LGR) or lean food conversion ratio (LFCR), or by unselected Hereford bulls, was evaluated on 327 calves on three farms over 2 years. Animals started test at 130 days of age on average and remained on test for approximately 300 days, whereupon all animals were slaughtered and carcass dissections were undertaken. Individual food intake was measured on tioo of the farms (189 animals), but only intake per pen of animals was measured on the third farm and individual food intake had to be estimated. LGR, LFCR and other traits describing performance were calculated from the growth, food intake and carcass composition data.If no breed or environment interactions exist it is expected that proportionately 0-5 of the genetic differences between selected and control line bulls would be transmitted to their offspring. For the LGR and LFCR line bulls these values were 0·38 and 0·44, respectively, however the LGR value had a much smaller confidence interval. Genetic correlations derived from regressing breeding values predicted from offspring performance on breeding values predicted from the bulk's own performance in the selection experiment were 0·62 (s.e. 0·28) and 0·96 (s.e. 0·28) for LGR and LFCR, respectively. Heritabilities were: live-weight gain on test, 0·27; daily gain, 0·48; food intake, 0·06; food conversion ratio, 0·46; predicted carcass lean content, 0·10; killing-out proportion, 0·10; LGR, 0·36 and LFCR, 0·48.

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Pengaruh pemberian beberapa jenis pakan pada pertumbuhan ikan kerapu Cantang Epinephelus sp di Karamba Jaring Apung di Teluk Talengen Kepulauan Sangihe

e-Journal BUDIDAYA PERAIRAN ◽

10.35800/bdp.4.3.2016.14740 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Liswara S.N. Tumadang ◽

Julius Sampekalo ◽

Sartje Lantu

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Food Type ◽

Food Conversion ◽

Research Results ◽

Fish Flesh ◽

Highest Weight ◽

Food Conversion Ratio ◽

Net Cage ◽

Net Cages

The research was conducted in floating net cage for at Talengen Island Sangihe to study the growth of grouper (46-70 g in average) fed various type of feed including fish flesh, pellet, cassava, sago) for six weeks, and to determine the food conversion ratio of each food type. The treatments consisted of A (fish flesh), B (fish flesh + cassava), C (fish flesh+sago), D (pellet). Fish was culture in 12 floating net cages measuring 1x1x1,5 m each, 10 fish/cage. Research results showed that the highest weight gain was achieved in fish in treatment C (87.6%), followed by treatment A (76.1%) , B (69.8%), and D (52.5%). Statistically, treatment C was significantly different compared to treatment A, B and D. The use of fish flesh combined with sago was able to improve growth of grouper Kata kunci : Kerapu Cantang, growth, food conversion ratio, floating net cage

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Pertumbuhan ikan kuwe putih Caranx sexfasciatus di karamba jaring apung yang diberi pakan rucah dengan bahan tambahan yang berbeda

e-Journal BUDIDAYA PERAIRAN ◽

10.35800/bdp.1.3.2013.2745 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Grace F Mansauda ◽

Julius Sampekalo ◽

Cyska Lumenta

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Food Conversion ◽

Food Conversion Ratio ◽

Trash Fish ◽

Fish Weight ◽

Net Cage ◽

The Individual ◽

Net Cages

The use of trash fish ( Treatment A ), trash fish + cassava( Treatment B), pellets+ trash fish ( Treatment C ) and a mixture of trash fish + cassava + pellets ( Treatment D ) as feed had been conducted to evaluate its effect on growth of Caranx sexfasciatus. This research was carried out inTelengen Bay waters, Central Tabukan District, Sangihe Islands Regency. Fish with weighing 60,9 -62,9 g were distributed in 12 net cages measuring 3x1x1 m with the density of 5 fish each. Fish were fed three times a day for seven weeks. Fish weight was measured every week. At the end of experiment, the individual weight of fish ranged from 168,7 to 222,8 g in with the highest average weigth gain was achieved in treatment A namely 222.8 g (354.2%)), followed by treatment C 178.0 g (286.6 %) treatment D 170.08 g (280.5%), and treatment B as much as 168.7 g (274.3%). Statistical analysis displayed that weight gain of fish in treatment A was significantly different as compared to that of treatments B, C, and D. There was no significant differencesbetween treatment B, C, and D. Food conversion ratio of treatment A was significantly different compared to other treatments. Food conversion ratio of treatment A was 2.80, B 4.25, C 3.70, D 3.88. as conclusion, the use of trash fish without supplementaion with others ingradients resulted in the highest absolute and relatif growth of fish and the lowest food conversion ratio of 2.80 as compared to other treatments. Keywords: Caranx sexfasciatus, weight gain, food conversion ratio, floting net cage

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Modelling the effects of thermal environment and dietary composition on pig performance: model testing and evaluation

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800059002 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 77 (2) ◽

pp. 267-276 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

I.J. Wellock ◽

G.C. Emmans ◽

I. Kyriazakis

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Food Intake ◽

Protein Content ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Food Conversion ◽

Food Conversion Ratio ◽

Wide Range ◽

Model Predictions ◽

Pig Performance

AbstractA deterministic, dynamic pig growth model predicting the effect of genotype, and the thermal and nutritional environments on food intake, growth and body composition of growing pigs was tested and evaluated against experimental data from the literature. Four sets of experiments meeting the necessary requirement of feeding the pigs ad libitum and reporting sufficient information on trial conditions were chosen to test the model. The parameters used in the model to describe the kind of pig were protein weight at maturity (Pm) the Gompertz rate parameter (B) and the ratio of mature lipid weight (Lm) to Pm. Values for Pm and B used to apply to the pigs in the four experiments were selected as those which gave the maximum daily gains equal to those reported at thermoneutral temperatures on diets not limiting in protein. The value of Lm was chosen as that which gave a value for food conversion ratio close to that seen in the experiment, again at a thermoneutral temperature and on a non-limiting diet. The model was run for each of the experiments from the given start weight until slaughter weight was reached. All pigs were assumed to have their desired bodily composition at the start of the experimental period, which is determined by their genetic descriptors and weight. From the conditions of the experiments, average daily gain (ADG) average daily food intake (ADFI) food conversion ratio (FCR) final body weight, body composition, average daily gains of each of the chemical body components and heat production (HP) were predicted. Generally as temperature increased or the crude protein content of the food increased, ADFI, ADG and the fatness of the pig decreased, whilst protein content increased. Quantitative differences between the model predictions and the observations, were probably due to the greater sensitivity of the model to temperature. This is likely to reflect the omission of long-term adaptation and acclimatization, or to incorrect estimation of the wetness of the pig’s skin. However, model predictions were generally in good quantitative agreement with the observed data over the wide range of treatments tested. This gives support to the value and accuracy of the model for predicting pig performance when the thermal and nutritional environments are manipulated.

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Food conversion is transiently affected during 4-week chronic administration of melanocortin agonist and antagonist in rats

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.1730517 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 173 (3) ◽

pp. 517-523 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

L Jonsson ◽

JO Skarphedinsson ◽

GV Skuladottir ◽

H Watanobe ◽

HB Schioth

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Food Intake ◽

Chronic Administration ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Melanocortin Receptor ◽

Food Conversion ◽

Melanocortin System ◽

Intracerebroventricular Infusion ◽

Food Conversion Ratio ◽

Melanocortin 4 Receptor

The central melanocortin system is involved in the regulation of food intake and body weight. In this study, we investigated the effect of a 4-week intracerebroventricular infusion of the melanocortin receptor agonist MT-II and the selective melanocortin-4 receptor antagonist HS024 on food intake and body weight homeostasis. The MT-II-treated rats ate less and lost considerably more weight than the control rats during the first week of treatment. During the second and third week, they gained weight and, by the end of the treatment period, the weight gain was similar to that of the control rats. The HS024 treatment caused hyperphagia and development of obesity during the entire period. Extensive accumulations of fat and a sixfold increase in leptin levels were observed in the HS024-treated rats, as compared with controls, after the 4-week period. Food conversion ratio, defined as body weight increase relative to weight of ingested food, was clearly increased in the HS024-treated rats, while it was lowered in the MT-II-treated rats compared with controls. The effect on food conversion ratio was transient, being greatest for both experimental groups during the first week and it was then attenuated to reach the level of controls at the end of the study. The results suggest that long-term injection of exogenous melanocortin receptor active substances may have an important transient effect on food conversion.

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Genetic relationships between growth and food intake in performance tested ram lambs

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600016743 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 1988 ◽

pp. 31-31

Author(s):

N.D. Cameron

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Food Intake ◽

Genetic Relationships ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Food Conversion ◽

Lean Growth ◽

Food Conversion Ratio ◽

Selection Indices ◽

Ram Lambs ◽

Terminal Sire

Efficient lean growth may, in future, be the main selection objective in terminal sire breeds of sheep. The genetic relationships between growth rate, food intake and food conversion ratio need to be quantified, so that calculation of selection indices for growth rate and carcass lean content can take account of correlated changes in food intake.

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Selection for improved food conversion ratio on ad libitum group feeding in pigs

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100001987 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 375-385 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

A. J. Webb ◽

J. W. B. King

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Live Weight ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Food Conversion ◽

Daily Food Intake ◽

Food Conversion Ratio ◽

Daily Food ◽

Group Feeding ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Selection For

ABSTRACTAn experiment was conducted to show the effectiveness of selection for improved food conversion ratio on ad libitum group feeding. Selection (32 ♀♀ and 8 ♂♂) and unselected control (32 ♀♀ and 16 ♂♂ lines were maintained for seven generations at the rate of one per year. Progeny were fed ad libitum from 27 to 82 kg live weight: boars singly or in pairs, and gilts in litter groups. Selection was on pen average food conversion ratio (food/live-weight gain), recalculated as each pig reached 82 kg.In spite of selection differentials averaging 0·61 s.d. per generation, there was no response (selection minus control) in food conversion at Generation 6 (−0·03, s.e. 0·08). However, there were correlated increases in daily live-weight gain (56, s.e. 18 g), daily food intake (145, s.e. 59 g) and ultrasonic backfat (2·4, s.e. 0·4 mm). In Generation 7, 146 full-sib pairs (male castrate and gilt) were tested on ad libitum or scale (0·77 g/g ad libitum daily food intake) feeding. Line by feeding regime interactions were absent for all traits except killing-out proportion and belly thickness.The increased fatness of the selection line on ad libitum feeding was retained on the scale (2·2 v. 2·4, s.e. 10 mm), suggesting a primary difference in partition of nutrients rather than intake. The selection procedure adopted was not successful in improving food conversion, but no clear conclusions could be drawn from the experiment. Uncertainty remains as to the value of group food consumption measurements in selection programmes.

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