Psychiatric Comorbidity of Adolescents with Sleep Terrors or Sleepwalking: A Case-Control Study

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 734-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shur-Fen Gau ◽  
Wei-T Suen Soong
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Sleep Habit ◽  
Eysenck Personality Inventory ◽  
Developmental Factors ◽  
Sleep Terrors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Objective: This study investigated the psychiatric comorbidity, personality traits and family history of adolescents with sleep terrors and/or sleepwalking. Method: Thirty students with sleep terrors and/or sleepwalking and 30 classroom controls were selected on the basis of a sleep habit questionnaire. After completing the Junior Eysenck Personality Inventory (JEPI), the 60 subjects were interviewed by the first author with the Chinese-version Kiddie-SADS-E (Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for Children—Epidemiology Version). All subjects and their parents were interviewed for the subjects' sleep habits, sleep disorders, and personality characteristics in the previous year. The case and the control groups were divided based on whether the sleep terrors and/or sleepwalking had occurred in the previous year. There were 21 case and 30 control subjects in the final data analysis. Results: The case group had more psychiatric diagnoses and problems; there were statistically significant differences in overanxious disorder, panic disorder, simple phobia and suicidal thoughts between the two groups. The case group had more sleeptalking and nightmares during the previous year as well as more enuresis in earlier years. From their parents' perspective, the case group was more nervous and pessimistic. The results of the JEPI showed a high neuroticism score in the case group. There was an increased familial occurrence of these two sleep disorders. Conclusions: Adolescents with sleep terrors and sleepwalking were found to have an increased prevalence of other sleep disorders, neurotic traits, and psychiatric disorders and problems. Whereas sleep terrors and sleepwalking in childhood are related primarily to genetic and developmental factors, their persistence and, especially, their onset in adolescence may be related to psychological factors.

scholarly journals Sleep terrors antecedent is common in adolescents with migraine

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libânia Melo Nunes Fialho ◽  
Ricardo Silva Pinho ◽  
Jaime Lin ◽  
Thais Soares Cianciarullo Minett ◽  
Maria Sylvia de Souza Vitalle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Adolescent Population ◽  
Sleep Terrors ◽  
Headache Diary ◽  
History Of ◽  
Age Range

Migraines and sleep terrors (STs) are highly prevalent disorders with striking similarities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the antecedent of STs by comparing adolescents suffering from migraines with healthy controls in a large consecutive series. METHODS: All patients were subjected to a detailed headache questionnaire and were instructed to keep a headache diary during a two-month period. The age range was 10 to 19 years. The diagnosis of STs was defined according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders. RESULTS: A total of 158 participants were evaluated. Of these participants, 50 suffered from episodic migraines (EMs), 57 had chronic migraines (CMs) and 51 were control subjects (CG). Participants who had a history of STs had significantly more migraines than participants who did not. CONCLUSIONS: Migraine is strongly associated with a history of STs in the adolescent population independent of demographics and pain intensity.

scholarly journals Sleep Medication in Older Adults: Identifying the Need for Support by a Community Pharmacist

Healthcare ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Morgane Masse ◽  
Héloïse Henry ◽  
Elodie Cuvelier ◽  
Claire Pinçon ◽  
Margot Pavy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Sleep Habit ◽  
Hypnotic Medication

Many older adults take benzodiazepines and sedative-hypnotics for the treatment of sleep disorders. With a view to considering the possible discontinuation of hypnotics, the objectives of the present study were to describe bedtime habits and sleep patterns in older adults and to identify the sleep medications taken. An expert group developed a structured interview guide for assessing the patients’ bedtime habits, sleep patterns, and medications. During an internship in a community pharmacy, 103 sixth-year pharmacy students conducted around 10 interviews each with older adults (aged 65 or over) complaining of sleep disorders and taking at least one of the following medications: benzodiazepines, benzodiazepine derivatives (“Z-drugs”), antihistamines, and melatonin. A prospective, observational study was carried out from 4 January to 30 June 2016. The pharmacy students performed 960 interviews (with 330 men and 630 women; mean ± standard deviation age: 75.1 ± 8.8). The most commonly taken hypnotics were the Z-drugs zolpidem (n = 465, 48%) and zopiclone (n = 259, 27%). The vast majority of patients (n = 768, 80%) had only ever taken a single hypnotic medication. The median [interquartile range] prescription duration was 120 (48–180) months. About 75% (n = 696) of the patients had at least 1 poor sleep habit, and over 41% (n = 374) had 2 or more poor sleep habits. A total of 742 of the patients (77%) reported getting up at night—mainly due to nycturia (n = 481, 51%). Further, 330 of the patients (35%) stated that they were keen to discontinue their medication, of which 96 (29%) authorized the pharmacist to contact their family physician and discuss discontinuation. In France, pharmacy students and supervising community pharmacists can identify problems related to sleep disorders by asking simple questions about the patient’s sleep patterns. Together with family physicians, community pharmacists can encourage patients to discuss their hypnotic medications.

scholarly journals Low Iron Level is related to Telogen Effluvium in Women

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Manjurul Karim ◽  
Md Abdul Wahab ◽  
Lubna Khondoker ◽  
Md Shirajul Islam Khan
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Iron Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Control Study

A case-control study conducted in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from July 2008- December 2010. A total 60 female patients of telogen effluvium attending in outpatient department (OPD) were enrolled in the study with 30 having hair loss considered as case (Group-A) and another 30 females had no history of hair loss were considered as control (Group-B). The study included 60 patients and the mean age were 25.4±7 years ranging from 18 to 42 years in group A and 24.8±5.6 years ranging from 17 to 36 years in group B. Maximum number was found in the age group of 21- 30 years in both groups and nearly three fourth (73.4%) patients were unmarried in group A and 18(60.0%) in group B. Most of the patients were student in both groups, which were 21(70.0%) and 17(56.7%) in group A and group B respectively and majority of the the patients were HSC level in both groups, 15(50.0%) and 14(46.7%) in Group A and Group B respectively. Most of the patients came from middle class, which were 20(66.7%) and 16(53.3%) in group A and group B respectively. The mean serum ferritin were 18.8±8.1 g/L ranging from 4.5 to 36.54 g/L and 36.6±9.9 mg/L ranging from 18.46 to 56.3 mg/ L in group A and group B respectively. The mean Hb level was 11.5±1.4 gm/dl ranging from 8.5 to 14.0 gm/dl in group A and 12.8±1.1 gm/dl ranging from 10.5 to 14.5 gm/dl in group B. The mean difference of Hb level was statistically significant (p<0.05) between two groups in unpaired t-test. It can be concluded that low iron level is associated with telogen effluvium in women. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmed.v21i2.13617 Bangladesh J Medicine 2010; 21: 84-89

scholarly journals An evaluation of the risk factors of breast cancer in women in Ilam Province: a case–control study based on hospital

2020 ◽  
pp. BMT49
Author(s):  
Shoboo Rahmati ◽  
Milad Azami ◽  
Zahra Jaafari ◽  
Nasrin Pouratar ◽  
Khairollah Asodollahi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Aims: The present study aimed to identify the most associated risk factors of breast cancer in Ilam province in 2015–2016. Materials & methods: In this case–control study, the case group consisted of 50 women with breast cancer with a definitive diagnosis from date 23 September 2015 to 22 September 2016. The two groups were group matched in terms of age. Data were collected through interviews and medical records. Results: According to the results, there was a significant relationship between the disease status and variables of family history, history of irregular menstrual cycles, history of breastfeeding, menopausal status, history of oral contraceptive pill consumption, BMI, menarche and number of pregnancies (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Regarding decisive risk factors of breast cancer, more studies with larger sample sizes that take into account more risk factors are necessary.

scholarly journals Metabolic Syndrome Components and Acute Pancreatitis: A Case-Control Study in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhemin Shen ◽  
Xueqiao Wang ◽  
Zili Zhen ◽  
Yao Wang ◽  
Peilong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Biliary Stones ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common inflammatory disorder of the pancreas. Recent evidence has shown that metabolic syndrome is positively correlated with the severity of AP. However, only a few studies have revealed the relationship between metabolic syndrome and the occurrence of AP. We therefore elucidated the association between metabolic syndrome and the occurrence of AP. Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted. A total of 705 patients admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to December 2018 were included in the study. Subjects were divided into case and control groups according to their diagnosis: (1) According to the revised Atlanta classification from 2012, patients diagnosed with AP were enrolled in the case group. (2) Patients without a history of AP or any disease related to metabolic syndrome were allocated into the control group. Controls were matched to cases individually by sex and age (control/case ratio=1). Results: The incidence rate of metabolic syndrome in AP patients was 30.9%, which was more frequent than that in controls (13.2%) (OR=2.837; 95% CI 1.873-4.298, p<0.001). In the multivariate regression analysis, a history of smoking or alcohol consumption and biliary stones were significantly associated with AP (OR=2.441; 95% CI 1.865-5.172, p<0.001; OR=1.777; 95% CI 1.060-2.977, p=0.029; OR=28.995; 95% CI 13.253-63.435, p<0.001). In addition, the occurrence of AP was significantly associated with total cholesterol (TC) (OR=1.992; 95% CI 1.246-3.183, p=0.004), triglyceride (TG) (OR=2.134; 95% CI 1.403-3.245, p<0.001), hyperglycaemia (OR=2.261; 95% CI 1.367-3.742, p=0.001), and apolipoprotein A (Apo A) (OR=0.270; 95% CI 0.163-0.447, p<0.001). Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome and its components were associated with AP occurrence.

Risk Factors for Ectopic Pregnancy: A Multi-center Case Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nooria Atta ◽  
Fahima Aram ◽  
Nafisa Naseri ◽  
Mahbooba Sahak
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Pelvic Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is defined as a pregnancy in which fertilized oocyte implants outside the endometrial cavity. Although there is no known etiology for ectopic pregnancy, some risk factors of EP have been determined. It has been evident that ectopic pregnancy can be of multifactorial origin. This multicenter research aims to study risk factors associated with increased risk of ectopic pregnancy in women living in Kabul. Methods: A multicenter case control study was conducted in five tertiary maternity hospitals located in Kabul, Afghanistan. A total of 457 pregnant women were included in this study. In the case group, women with diagnosed ectopic pregnancy, while in control group women with intrauterine pregnancy were included. For each case in this study, two controls were enrolled. Results: The mean (SD) age of women in case group was 27.9 (6) years while in control group it was 26.4 (5.5) years. This difference was not statistically significant. We found a significant association between history of abortion and EP (Adj. OR=1.57; 95%CI: 1.02, 2.42). Having history of abdominal/pelvic surgery was a risk factor for EP with adjusted OR 1.94 (95%CI: 1.15, 3.30). In this study we found an increasing risk of EP in women of 35 years or older compared to younger women (Crude OR=2.26; p= 0.024). In women reporting prior EP, the chance of its recurrence was increased (Crude OR= 9.64; 95%CI: 1.1, 83.2). No association of gravidity and parity was found with EP incidence. Conclusions: In this study we found a statistically significant association between history of abdominal/pelvic surgery and EP. In addition, history of abortion was suggested as a risk factor for ectopic pregnancy. In case of having a previous EP probability of its recurrence will be increased. Women with advanced age having other potential risk factors will be facing higher risk of EP.

scholarly journals Does endometriosis increase susceptibility to COVID-19 infections? A case–control study in women of reproductive age

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahram Moazzami ◽  
Shahla Chaichian ◽  
Saeed Samie ◽  
Masoumeh Majidi Zolbin ◽  
Fatemeh Jesmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background In today’s world, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the most critical health problem and research is continued on studying the associated factors. But it is not clear whether endometriosis increases the risk of COVID-19. Methods Women who referred to the gynecology clinic were evaluated and 507 women with endometriosis (case group) were compared with 520 women without endometriosis (control group). COVID-19 infection, symptoms, exposure, hospitalization, isolation, H1N1 infection and vaccination, and past medical history of the participants were recorded and compared between the groups using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows version 21. Results Comparison between the groups represent COVID-19 infection in 3.2% of the case group and 3% of the control group (P = 0.942). The control group had a higher frequency of asymptomatic infection (95.7% vs. 94.5%; P < 0.001) and fever (1.6% vs. 0%; P = 0.004), while the frequency of rare symptoms was more common in the case group (P < 0.001). The average disease period was 14 days in both groups (P = 0.694). COVID-19 infection was correlated with close contact (r = 0.331; P < 0.001 in the case group and r = 0.244; P < 0.001 in the control group), but not with the history of thyroid disorders, H1N1 vaccination, traveling to high-risk areas, and social isolation (P > 0.05). Conclusion Endometriosis does not increase the susceptibility to COVID-19 infections, but alters the manifestation of the disease. The prevalence of the disease may depend on the interaction between the virus and the individual’s immune system but further studies are required in this regard.

scholarly journals Does Endometriosis Increase Susceptibility to COVID–19 Infections? A case-control study in Women of Reproductive Age

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahram Moazzami ◽  
Shahla Chaichian ◽  
Saeed Samie ◽  
Masoumeh Majidi Zolbin ◽  
Fatemeh Jesmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: In today’s world, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID–19) is the most critical health problem and research is continued on studying the associated factors. But it is not clear whether endometriosis increases the risk of COVID–19.Methods: Women who referred to the gynecology clinic were evaluated and 507 women with endometriosis (case group) were compared with 520 women without endometriosis (control group). COVID–19 infection, symptoms, exposure, hospitalization, isolation, H1N1 infection and vaccination, and past medical history of the participants were recorded and compared between the groups using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows version 21.Results: Comparison between the groups represent COVID–19 infection in 3.2% of the case group and 3% of the control group (P=.942). The control group had a higher frequency of asymptomatic infection (95.7% vs. 94.5%; P<.001) and fever (1.6% vs. 0%; P=.004), while the frequency of rare symptoms was more common in the case group (P<.001). The average disease period was 14 days in both groups (P=.694). COVID–19 infection was correlated with close contact (r=.331; P<.001 in the case group and r=.244; P<.001 in the control group), but not with the history of thyroid disorders, H1N1 vaccination, traveling to high-risk areas, and social isolation (P>.05).Conclusion: Endometriosis does not increase the susceptibility to COVID–19 infections, but alters the manifestation of the disease. The prevalence of the disease may depend on the interaction between the virus and the individual’s immune system but further studies are required in this regard.

Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders in Subjects with Self-injurious Behavior

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Fikry Abd Al Aziz ◽  
Marwa Abd Al Rahman Sultan ◽  
Mahmoud Mamdouh Elhabiby ◽  
Ahmed Rashad Mahfouz Khalifa
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Adjustment Disorder ◽  
Case Group ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Common ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Self-injurious behavior (SIB) is one of the common psychiatric emergencies in medical practice. It has become a global health problem with rates increasing over time. What makes young people cut, scratch, carve or burn their skin, hit or punch themselves, or even bang their heads against a wall? For years, psychologists theorized that such self-injurious behaviors helped to regulate these sufferers' negative emotions. Objectives The aim of this study is: to determine association between psychiatric disorders and selfinjurious behaviour, to highlight types of self-injurious behavior, to explore motives of self-injurious behavior. Patients and Methods Our study is a case control study which was conducted on 100 self- injurious patients who presented to ER and not known to have a psychiatric illness, 50 subjects with no history of psychiatric disorders or self-injury behaviour, case group was referred to institute of psychiatry, Ain Shams University Hospitals. Results The two groups were matched with a mean age of 22.21 ± 2.02 in group (A) Subjects with self- injurious behavior, 21.82±1.84 in group (B) Controls. Socio-demographics in our study indicates that the samples were matched and fit for the comparative study (i.e. a homogenous sample). Axis 1 psychiatric disorders Adjustment disorder 13 (13%), Mixed anxiety-depressive disorder 17 (17%), Schizophrenia 6 (6%), None 64 (64%), Axis 2 personality disorders BPD 59 (59%), Mixed personality traits 41 (41%). Conclusion Our study's main interest is to determine association between psychiatric disorders and selfinjurious behaviour, highlight types and explore motives of self-injurious behaviour among a sample of patients with self-injurious behaviour Group (A) and controls Group (B). Psychiatric diagnosis is prominent in self-injurious patients than controls.

scholarly journals Risk factors for cefotaxime resistance in children with pneumonia

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Made Sucipta ◽  
Ida Bagus Subanada ◽  
Samik Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Control Study

Background Pneumonia is a health problem in developingcountries, often caused by bacterial agents. The 'Widespreaduse of cefotaxime, a third􀁒generation of cephalosporin, may leadto increased incidence of resistance to this antibiotic. Severalstudies have reported on risk factors associated v.ith resistanceto cefotaxime.Objective To identify risk factors for cefotaxime resistance inchildren 'With pneumonia.Methods We performed a case􀁒control study at Sanglah Hospitalbetween January 2006􀁒December 2010. The case group includedchildren with blood culture􀁒positive pneumonia and resistanceto cefotaxime by sensitivity test. The control group was selectedfrom the same population as the case group, but the bacteriaisolated from these subjects were sensitive to cefotaxime. Wetested the folloMng risk factors for resistance to cefotaxime:age :53 years, microorganism species, history of antimicrobialuse, and history of hospitalization within the prior 3 months.Chi square test and logistic regression analysis were performedto determine any associations between the four potential riskfactors and resistance to cefotaxime. A P<0.05 was consideredto be statistically significant.Results Univariate analysis showed that the risk factors forresistance to cefotaxime were history of antimicrobial use in theprior 3 months (OR 2.79; 95%CI 1.40 to 5.55; P􀁓O.OOI) andhistory of hospitalization Mthin the prior 3 months (OR 5.57;95%CI 1.95 to 15.87; P=<O.OOOl). By multivariate analysis,risk factors associated Mth resistance to cefotaxime were historyof antimicrobial use in the prior 3 months (OR 2.4; 95%CI 1.18to 4.86; P=0.015), history of hospitalization within the prior 3months (OR 4.7; 95%CI 1.62 to 13.85; P􀁓0.004), and historyof breast feeding for less than 2 months (OR 2.3; 95%CI 1.0 to5.4; P􀁓0.042).Conclusion History of antimicrobial use and history ofhospitalization within the prior 3 monthsweresignificantrisk factors for resistance to cefotaxime in children Mth pneumonia.[Paediatr Indanes. 2012;52:255-9].

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