GREENHOUSE TOMATO RESPONSE TO LOW AMMONIUM-NITROGEN CONCENTRATIONS AND DURATION OF AMMONIUM-NITROGEN SUPPLY

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1787-1798 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sandoval-Villa ◽  
E. A. Guertal ◽  
C. W. Wood
1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barrios E. ◽  
Herrera R.

ABSTRACTSeasonally flooded forests represent a transition between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The Mapire river, a tributary of the Orinoco river, floods its surrounding forests during the wet season (May–December). The soils are very acid and the total nitrogen concentration (0.1%) is only half that found in nearby soils flooded by Orinoco waters. Ammonium-nitrogen predominates in the soil during the flooded period while nitrate-nitrogen concentrations are higher in the dry period. Wide fluctuations in the inorganic nitrogen fractions did not considerably affect the annual course of soil nitrogen.The predominance of mineralization versus nitrification (56 and 5 μgsoil month−1respectively) and possibly the synchronization of nitrogen availability with plant demand could be considered as nitrogen conserving mechanisms.In synchrony with the hydrologic cycle, the seasonally flooded forest studied shows a nitrogencycle where inputs and accumulation are maximized when the system is under minimum stress (dry season). During flooding, the system enters a period of dormancy making minimal use of nutrient and energy to avoid or tolerate anaerobiosis.


2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-395
Author(s):  
Md. Matiul Islam ◽  
Seijun Sakamoto ◽  
Shao -Hui Zheng

Pods start growing almost at the same time and mature simultaneously in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) plants. But mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) and cowpea (Vigna sinensis Endl.) perform unsynchronized pod maturity. To overcome unsynchronized pod maturity the nitrogen redistribution aspects of mungbean and cowpea were investigated based on the linkage of soybean. Pot experiment was conducted using a nodulating mungbean variety (cv. XANH NINH THUAN) in 2015 and cowpea variety (cv. IT98K-205-8) in 2016 in the vinyl house at Saga University in Japan. During the experiment, nutrient solution was applied by changing nitrogen concentrations to 5, 25 and 100 ppm (control). Mungbean plants provided with low concentration of 5 and 25 ppm of nitrogen supply was not capable to produce continuous pods. Cowpea plants supplied with low concentration of nitrogen was also unable to produce successful pods continuously. Insufficient nitrogen hampered the continuation of pod setting in both the cases, might be due to, all the vegetative stored nitrogen had been utilized for seed development during the vegetative phase before pod setting. In case of 100 ppm nitrogen supply, for both mungbean and cowpea, no senescence and nitrogen remobilization occurred. However, researches showed that soybean typically undergoes the remobilization evidence, i.e., monocarpic senescence, in 100 ppm of nitrogen supply. J.Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(3): 386–395, December 2018


2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Wesołowski ◽  
Adam Brysiewicz

Abstract Due to poor ecological status of Lake Starzyc, lake restoration measures were undertaken in 2003 to improve aerobic conditions of near-bottom waters and to decrease phosphorus concentrations. To do this, a wind-driven pulverising aerator was installed in the lake. The aim of this study was to analyse variability of oxygen and nitrogen concentrations in lake water near the aerator in the third year of its operation and later on in the three-year-long period of the years 2008–2010. It was found that concentrations of ammonium-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen and dissolved oxygen near the aerator did not differ from those in sites 4 and 5, which evidenced similar abiotic conditions in analysed waters. Higher concentrations of dissolved oxygen and lower concentrations of nitrate-nitrogen were found in the years 2008–2010 than in 2005.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Wang ◽  
Qing Wu ◽  
Yuping Han

Abstract The incubation experiments focused on altering concentration gradients of nitrogen between sediment and overlying water to examine the diffusion flux of ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+) and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-) at sediment-water interface. In this study, the diffusion flux can be estimated based on calculating the average of the net change rate of nutrient concentrations in the overlying water. For the incubation experiment of different TN concentrations in the sediment, the results showed that the diffusion flux of ammonia at sediment-water interface is -52.57~84.57 mg·m-2·d-1, and for nitrate diffusion flux, the changing range during the incubation experiment is -110.13~143.25 mg·m-2·d-1. For the incubation experiment of different nitrogen concentrations in the overlying water, the results of NH4+-N diffusion flux in L, M, H treatment were 3.37, -4.94, -3.84 mg·m-2·d-1, respectively. And the average diffusion flux of nitrate in L (0 mg NO3--N, 0 mg NH4+-N), M (0.5 mg NO3--N, 1.5 mg NH4+-N) and H (1 mg NO3--N, 2.5 mg NH4+-N) treatment were 12.30, 10.39 and 7.11 mg·m-2·d-1. Results highlighted that concentrations gradient of nutrients were indeed an important factor affecting the diffusion flux at sediment-water interface. In addition, the diffusion of nutrients at sediment-water interface in aquatic ecosystem is not only controlled by concentration gradients, some other factors such as incoming water, hydrodynamics, dissolved oxygen content, sediment structure, biological disturbance, horizontal migration and diffusion of nutrients and turbulent diffusion caused by wind and wave, are equally important.


2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 429-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Drápelová ◽  
L. Menšík ◽  
J. Kulhavý ◽  
I. Marková

Concentrations and fluxes of sulphur and nitrogen compounds in bulk precipitation and in throughfall were evaluated and compared for two experimental sites in the Czech Republic: one situated at R&aacute;jec (Drahansk&aacute; upland, 610 m a.s.l.) and the second one at B&iacute;l&yacute; Kř&iacute;ž (Moravian-Silesian Beskids, 908 m a.s.l.) both with similar stands of young Norway spruce. The three-year study performed during 2006&ndash;2008, revealed statistically significant differences in nitrate nitrogen concentrations in bulk precipitations and in ammonium nitrogen concentrations both in bulk precipitation and in throughfall between the two sites. Higher nitrogen compounds concentrations in bulk precipitation were found at R&aacute;jec. Differences between the two sites in sulphur concentrations were not found out neither in bulk precipitation nor in throughfall waters. Total sulphur deposition amounted to 8.1, 8.3 and 6.7 kg S&middot;ha<sup>&ndash;1</sup> at R&aacute;jec and to 14.8, 16.9 and 15.4 kg S&middot;ha<sup>&ndash;1</sup> at Beskids for the three years studied, respectively. Total inorganic nitrogen throughfall flux amounted to 12.1, 11.6 and 11.6 at R&aacute;jec and 13.8, 18.9 and 15.0 kg&middot;ha<sup>&ndash;1</sup> at B&iacute;l&yacute; Kř&iacute;ž for the years 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. &nbsp;


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1363
Author(s):  
Jingsi Xiao ◽  
Ulrike Alewell ◽  
Ingo Bruch ◽  
Heidrun Steinmetz

Global trends such as climate change and the scarcity of sustainable raw materials require adaptive, more flexible and resource-saving wastewater infrastructures for rural areas. Since 2018, in the community Reinighof, an isolated site in the countryside of Rhineland Palatinate (Germany), an autarkic, decentralized wastewater treatment and phosphorus recovery concept has been developed, implemented and tested. While feces are composted, an easy-to-operate system for producing struvite as a mineral fertilizer was developed and installed to recover phosphorus from urine. The nitrogen-containing supernatant of this process stage is treated in a special soil filter and afterwards discharged to a constructed wetland for grey water treatment, followed by an evaporation pond. To recover more than 90% of the phosphorus contained in the urine, the influence of the magnesium source, the dosing strategy, the molar ratio of Mg:P and the reaction and sedimentation time were investigated. The results show that, with a long reaction time of 1.5 h and a molar ratio of Mg:P above 1.3, constraints concerning magnesium source can be overcome and a stable process can be achieved even under varying boundary conditions. Within the special soil filter, the high ammonium nitrogen concentrations of over 3000 mg/L in the supernatant of the struvite reactor were considerably reduced. In the effluent of the following constructed wetland for grey water treatment, the ammonium-nitrogen concentrations were below 1 mg/L. This resource efficient decentralized wastewater treatment is self-sufficient, produces valuable fertilizer and does not need a centralized wastewater system as back up. It has high potential to be transferred to other rural communities.


2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Thom Thi Dang ◽  
Mishima Yasufumi ◽  
Dinh Kim Dang

In order to evaluate the effect of seaweeds in bio-filtration for removing nitrogen from marine aquaculture and in bioenergy production, Ulva sp. was used in this study. Experiments were triplicated and run in 3-day incubation at salinities with 30 psu, 10 psu and 5 psu in different initial ammonium nitrogen concentrations from 100 µM to 10,000 µM, equivalently to marine aquaculture conditions. The highest concentrations of ammonium removed were about 690 µmol (12.42 mg) NH4+ at 30 psu, 410 µmol (7.38 mg) NH4+ at 10 psu and 350 µmol NH4+(6.3 mg NH4+) at 5 psu in three days of incubation, while highest growth rates of Ulva sp. were 49% and 150% per day at 500 µM of initial ammonium concentration, similarly to the growth rate reported in microalgae. Moreover, after  these experiments, biomass of Ulva sp. has been tested for bioenergy producing goals, because the carbohydrate concentration of this alga was very high, reaching 60-70% of DW. Thus, Ulva sp. can be cultured to remove nitrogen concentration in eutrophication conditions at aquaculture systems in combination with the purpose of bioenergy production after harvesting. Để đánh giá hiệu quả của tảo biển trong việc lọc sinh học loại bỏ hợp chất ni tơ từ việc nuôi trồng thủy sản và trong việc sản xuất năng lượng sinh học, Ulva sp. đã được sử dụng trong nghiên cứu này. Các thí nghiệm được lặp lại 3 lần và chạy trong 3 ngày trong tủ ổn nhiệt tại các điều kiện độ mặn 30psu, 10psu, 5psuở các nồng độ NH4+-N từ 100μM đến 10.000μM, tương đương với điều kiện nuôi trồng thủy sản nước mặn. Nồng độ cao nhất của NH4+-N được loại bỏ khoảng 690 μmol NH4+ (12,42mg NH4+) tại 30psu, 410μmol NH4+ (7,38mg NH4+) tại 10psu và 350 μmol NH4+ (6.3mg NH4+) tại 5psu, trong đó tỉ lệ sinh trưởng của Ulva sp. là rất cao, sinh trưởng từ 49 đến 150% mỗi ngày tại nồng độ ammonium ban đầu 500 μM tương đương với sinh trưởng của vi tảo. Hơn nữa, sau các thí nghiệm trên, sinh khối của Ulva sp. được thử nghiệm sản xuất năng lượng sinh học vì hàm lượng carbohydrate trong tảo rất cao, chiếm khoảng 60-70% trọng lượng khô của tảo. Như vậy, Ulva sp. có thể đượcnuôi trồng để loại bỏ hợp chất ni tơ trong điều kiện phú dưỡng của các hệ thống nuôi trồng thủy sản, kết hợp với mục tiêusản xuất năng lượng sinh học sau thu hoạch.


Author(s):  
Oleksandr Ya. Oliynyk ◽  
Sergiy V. Telyma ◽  
Yuriy I. Kalugin ◽  
Yevheniy O. Oliynyk

The mathematic model and calculations of the waste waters cleaning parameters from the compounds ammonium nitrogen (nitrification) in bioreactors with additional using in theirs volume the fixed biocenosis as the biofilm are presented. The valuation of the different influence factors on the waste waters cleaning parameters is given. The kinetics of reaction according to Monod nonlinear equation is used that allow to calculate the nitrogen concentrations on the external and in the interior biofilm surfaces and to evaluate the efficiency of the biofilm work of the given thickness relative to penetration character of the nitrogen pollutions in it. As showed the biofilm thickness and the flow in it are decreasing as the tearing off velocity of the biomass from its surface is increasing where as at increasing of the nitrogen concentrations these parameters are increasing. At this the substrate flow and the penetration depth into the biofilm are the functions of the substrate concentration on the biofilm surface, velocity of the reaction within it and the diffusive masstransfer. As a main parameter for evaluation of the oxygen influence for control of the process of ammonium oxidation to nitrite the relation of the concentrations oxygen to ammonium nitrogen is proposed. The specific examples and calculations have showed the given relation may be better alternative for control of the nitrification processes in reactor in comparison with oxygen concentration.


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