scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF THE ISOZYMES OF LACTIC DEHYDROGENASE IN RABBIT AND MAN

1962 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 797-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliot S. Vesell ◽  
John Philip ◽  
Alexander G. Bearn
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Isozyme Pattern ◽  
Ldh Activity ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Rabbit Tissues

During development of rabbit tissues, characteristic sequential alterations in the LDH isozyme pattern occur, and consist for liver and muscle in loss of the most rapidly migrating anodal bands, and increased activity in the cathodal bands and slower migrating anodal bands. In heart the reverse changes were observed. Comparison of the isozyme patterns observed in various fetal and adult human tissues suggests that these same sequential alterations probably occur. A species-specific isozyme pattern is obtained in long term culture of rabbit, chick, and human cells. The alterations in tissue culture are characterized by a gradual redistribution of total LDH activity in which there is decreased intensity of rapidly migrating anodal bands. These sequential alterations are independent of the organ of origin. The number of bands observed in the starch gel is partly dependent upon the total activities applied. Isozymes may provide a convenient method for determining the species of origin of cell lines in common use and for investigating the effects of various alterations in the in vitro environment on cells grown in tissue culture.

scholarly journals Lactic Dehydrogenase of Human Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemic Leukocytes

Blood ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD H. BOTTOMLEY ◽  
S. J. LOCKE ◽  
H. C. INGRAM
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Migration Rate ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Isozyme Pattern ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Ldh Activity ◽  
Isozyme Band ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Starch Gel

Abstract Lactic dehydrogenase was quantitated and its isozyme pattern studied in the leukocytes of 10 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. There was a wide range of LDH activity, although all isozyme patterns by starch-gel electrophoresis showed greatest activity in the No. III isozyme band. Comparison of the rate of migration of the leukemic leukocyte LDH with LDH from normal leukocytes and erythrocytes showed no difference in migration rate, suggesting that the LDH of chronic lymphocytic leukemic leukocytes does not differ in electrical charge from LDH of normal leukocytes.

Enzyme variation in the Anopheles gambiae Giles group of species (Diptera: Culicidae)

1978 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Miles
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Malic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae Giles ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

AbstractThe genotypes of chromosomally-identified individuals from natural populations of the known species of the group of Anopheles gambiae Giles were scored for the enzyme protein structural loci coding for adenylate kinase (Adk), α-naphthyl acetate esterase (Est-1, Est-2, Est-3), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (Got), α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (αGpd), hexokinase (Hk), isocitric dehydrogenase (Idh), lactic dehydrogenase (Ldh), ‘leucine’ aminopeptidase (Lap-2), malic enzyme (Me), octanol dehydrogenase (Odh), phosphoglucomutase (Pgm-1, Pgm-2), 6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenase (6-Pgd), phosphohexose isomerase (Phi) and superoxide dismutase (Sod), following starch gel electrophoresis. In the material examined, Est-1, Est-2, Est-3, Got, ldh, Lap-2, Odh, Pgm-1, Pgm-2 and Sod were segregating for two or more alleles; unique alleles at the Est-1, Got and Sod loci produced species-specific phenotypes in A. melas (Theo.), species C and species D, respectively. The further sampling of A. merus Dön, populations supported the presence of a unique SOD phenotype by which this species can also be identified. Of the other enzyme systems examined, no activity following electrophoresis was detected for aldolase and fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, and the resolution of acid and alkaline phosphatase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malic dehydrogenase and xanthine dehydrogenase was too poor under the particular electrophoretic conditions for genetic analyses of the enzyme phenotypes.

scholarly journals Lactic dehydrogenase in normal and leukemia lymphocyte subpopulations: evidence for the presence of abnormal T cells and B cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Blood ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Rambotti ◽  
S Davis
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Isozyme Pattern ◽  
Lymphocyte Subpopulations ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Ldh Activity

Abstract Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) was quantitated and the isozyme pattern studied in lymphocyte subpopulations from normal people and patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Normal T lymphocytes differed from normal B lymphocytes in having greater total LDH activity (597.2 versus 252.1). Total LDH activity in CLL T cells (347.1) was lower than normal T cells., but not significantly different than normal B cells. Total LDH activity in CLL B cells (124.6) was lower then normal B cells and normal T cells. The isozyme pattern of normal T lymphocytes showed a higher activity in the LDH-1 band (26.7% versus 5.4%) but showed a lower activity in LDH-5 band (4.3% versus 16.3%) compared to normal B cells. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia T cells could be distinguished from CLL B cells by a high LDH-5 band (22.3% versus 7.6%) and from normal T cells by a high LDH-5 band (22.3% versus 4.3%) and a low LDH-1 band (7.3% versus 26.7%). CLL B cells could be distinguished from normal B cells by a low LDH-5 band (7.6% versus 16.3%). Thus, the LDH isozyme pattern distinguishes normal T lymphocytes from normal B lymphocytes, and normal T and B lymphocytes from CLL T and B lymphocytes.

Characterization of insulin glycation in insulin-secreting cells maintained in tissue culture

1997 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y H A Abdel-Wahab ◽  
F P M O'Harte ◽  
C R Barnett ◽  
P R Flatt
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Protein Glycation ◽  
Subsequent Exposure ◽  
Insulin Secreting Cells ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract Characteristics of cellular insulin glycation were examined in the pancreatic B-cell line, BRIN-BD11. The extent of insulin glycation increased stepwise during 72 h of culture at 5·6–33·3 mmol/l glucose, attaining levels up to 27%. Glycation of insulin at 33·3 mmol/l glucose was rapid, reaching maximal values within 2 h, and not readily reversible during 2 to 24 h of subsequent exposure to 5·6 mmol/l glucose. Glycated insulin was readily secreted by BRIN-BD11 cells upon active stimulation with glucose and other secretagogues. Cellular insulin glycation was decreased by 66–80% by inhibitors of protein glycation, vitamin C, aminoguanidine or acetylsalicylic acid. Modulation of insulin-secretory activity of BRIN-BD11 cells by co-culture at high glucose with diazoxide, l-alanine or glibenclamide indicated that long-term stimulation of secretion was associated with a decrease in the extent of insulin glycation. Glycation of insulin in vitro was substantially less extensive than in BRIN-BD11 cells, although glucose-6-phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate were 1·4- to 2·0-fold more reactive than glucose per se. These observations indicate that insulin is readily glycated and secreted from insulin-secreting cells under hyperglycaemic conditions in culture. Journal of Endocrinology (1997) 152, 59–67

Long-term passage of tachyzoites in tissue culture can attenuate virulence of Neospora caninum in vivo

Parasitology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. BARTLEY ◽  
S. WRIGHT ◽  
J. SALES ◽  
F. CHIANINI ◽  
D. BUXTON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
High Passage ◽  
Low Passage

To determine whether prolonged in vitro passage would result in attenuation of virulence in vivo, Neospora caninum tachyzoites were passaged for different lengths of time in vitro and compared for their ability to cause disease in mice. Groups of Balb/c mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 5×106 or 1×107 of low-passage or high-passage N. caninum tachyzoites. The mice were monitored for changes in their demeanour and body weight, and were culled when severe clinical symptoms of murine neosporosis were observed. Mice inoculated with the high-passage parasites survived longer (P<0·05), and showed fewer clinical symptoms of murine neosporosis, compared to the mice receiving the low-passage parasites. The parasite was detected in the brains of inoculated mice using immunohistochemistry and ITS1 PCR. Tissue cysts containing parasites were seen in mice inoculated with both low-passage and high-passage parasites. When the in vitro growth rates of the parasites were compared, the high-passage parasites initially multiplied more rapidly (P<0·001) than the low-passage parasites, suggesting that the high-passage parasites had become more adapted to tissue culture. These results would suggest that it is possible to attenuate the virulence of N. caninum tachyzoites in mice through prolonged in vitro passage.

scholarly journals 5α-Reduced glucocorticoids: a story of natural selection

2011 ◽  
Vol 212 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Nixon ◽  
Rita Upreti ◽  
Ruth Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Reductase Inhibitors ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Insult

5α-Reduced glucocorticoids (GCs) are formed when one of the two isozymes of 5α-reductase reduces the Δ4–5double bond in the A-ring of GCs. These steroids are largely viewed inert, despite the acceptance that other 5α-dihydro steroids, e.g. 5α-dihydrotestosterone, retain or have increased activity at their cognate receptors. However, recent findings suggest that 5α-reduced metabolites of corticosterone have dissociated actions on GC receptors (GRs)in vivoandin vitroand are thus potential candidates for safer anti-inflammatory steroids. 5α-Dihydro- and 5α-tetrahydro-corticosterone can bind with GRs, but interest in these compounds had been limited, since they only weakly activated metabolic gene transcription. However, a greater understanding of the signalling mechanisms has revealed that transactivation represents only one mode of signalling via the GR and recently the abilities of 5α-reduced GCs to suppress inflammation have been demonstratedin vitroandin vivo. Thus, the balance of parent GC and its 5α-reduced metabolite may critically affect the profile of GR signalling. 5α-Reduction of GCs is up-regulated in liver in metabolic disease and may represent a pathway that protects from both GC-induced fuel dyshomeostasis and concomitant inflammatory insult. Therefore, 5α-reduced steroids provide hope for drug development, but may also act as biomarkers of the inflammatory status of the liver in metabolic disease. With these proposals in mind, careful attention must be paid to the possible adverse metabolic effects of 5α-reductase inhibitors, drugs that are commonly administered long term for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

scholarly journals Determination of content of indole alkaloids in cell biomass of Rauwolfia serpentina Benth. ex Kurz tissue culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
O. A. Bieda ◽  
I. I. Konvaliuk ◽  
L. P. Mozhylevska ◽  
S. S. Lukashov ◽  
V. A. Kunakh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Indole Alkaloids ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
Rauwolfia Serpentina ◽  
Cell Biomass ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Dry Cell

Cardiovascular diseases are the most common human diseases, hence, the production of cardiological (in particular, anti-arrhythmic) medications from the natural sources is an ever-actual task. Rauwolfia serpentina Benth. is a tropical fruticose plant that is able to produce and concentrate indole alkaloids, especially ajmaline and its derivatives, which are the most effective medications against ventricular arrhythmia with low side effects. Aim of the study. Determination of the qualitative and quantitative content of indole alkaloids in cell biomass of Rauwolfia serpentina tissue culture, obtained by the prolonged in vitro growth. Materials and methods. Object: cell biomass of Rauwolfia serpentina tissue culture (K-27 strain), obtained by methods of long-term cell selection in vitro. Alkaloids content determination: TSQ Vantage LC-MS (ThermoFischer Scientific). Results. 20 indole alkaloids are found in cell biomass of Rauwolfia serpentina tissue culture (K-27 strain). The highest content is registered for ajmaline and its derivatives (0.690 % mass. for ajmaline). The contents of reserpine and yohimbine were found to be as low as 0.009 % and 0.020 %, respectively. Conclusions. It is established that the content of indole alkaloids is higher in K-27 strain in comparison to natural plant and is stable over more than 30 years of its growth. Total alkaloids content was found to be 2.8 % of dry cell biomass, and total ajmaline-type alkaloids content (including ajmaline) was found to be 1.6 % of dry cell biomass. In contrast, the total alkaloid contents in the natural plant material is reported to be in the range of 0.8–1.3 %.

Drug-induced dyslipoproteinemia: a report of two cases.

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-168
Author(s):  
H K Naito ◽  
M C McHenry ◽  
L A Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Lipoproteins ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Drug Induction ◽  
Secondary Form ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract We describe two cases of atypical dyslipoproteinemia due to drug-induction. This secondary form of lipoprotein abnormality is unique because the newly available drug, miconazole, apparently directly delipidated the alpha-lipoproteins in the bloodstream. On closer study we found that the delipidation was caused by the vehicle rather than the fungicide--more specifically, only by the polyethoxylated castor oil in the vehicle. It affects serum lipoproteins both in vitro and in vivo, and the effect is species-specific. In vitro studies indicate that it preferentially delipidates high-density lipoprotein rather than low-density lipoprotein. Because its effects on the serum lipoproteins of rats resemble those on man, and because aortic lesions were produced in rats injected daily (90 mL/L) with this substance, caution is indicated in long-term use of drugs containing this chemical component in the vehicle.

The use of in vitro methods for plant genetic conservation

1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Wilkins ◽  
T. Bengochea ◽  
J. H. Dodds
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Genetic Conservation ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Controlled Conditions

The preservation of genetically stable tissue for future propagation is of fundamental importance to plant breeders. In many cases this can be done by storing seed under carefully controlled conditions but there are many plants for which this is not possible or may not be economically feasible. This article reviews current techniques of long-term conservation of plant genetic material by tissue culture methods.

LACTIC DEHYDROGENASE STUDIES IN ANIMALS INFECTED WITH TYPE 12 STREPTOCOCCI OR TREATED WITH STREPTOCOCCAL NEPHROTOXIN

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1027-1032
Author(s):  
S. C. Elliott ◽  
C. K. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Ldh Activity ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
New Zealand Rabbits

A histochemical and biochemical study of the reactions of Wistar rats and New Zealand rabbits to Streptococcus pyogenes, type 12, strain H-8, and the nephrotoxin (NT) elaborated by these organisms is presented. A significant lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) increase was found in the sera of all test rats 27 days following treatment with streptococcal NT. However, before this increased activity was detected, a marked decrease in LDH activity was obtained as early as 1 day after the last NT injection. This decrease was modest in rats treated with 1.0 mg NT, but it was great when the dosage of NT was increased to 5.0 mg. Serum LDH values also decreased progressively, up to about 2 weeks, in rabbits infected with nephritogenic streptococci or treated with streptococcal nephrotoxin. Such serum LDH fluctuations did not occur in animals treated with saline or Todd–Hewitt broth. Histochemical studies also suggested an initial inhibition by NT of LDH activity in renal tissue.

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