scholarly journals IMMUNOLOGICAL RELEASE OF HISTAMINE AND SLOW REACTING SUBSTANCE OF ANAPHYLAXIS FROM HUMAN LUNG

1972 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kaliner ◽  
Robert P. Orange ◽  
K. Frank Austen
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Cyclic Gmp ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Human Lung Tissue ◽  
Adrenergic Agents ◽  
Protein Assay

The immunologic release of histamine and slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) from human lung tissue can be enhanced by stimulation with either alpha adrenergic agents (phenylephrine or norepinephrine in the presence of propranolol) or cholinergic agents (acetylcholine or Carbachol). The finding that atropine prevents cholinergic but not comparable alpha adrenergic enhancement is consistent with the view that cholinergic and alpha adrenergic agonists interact with separate receptor sites on the target cells involved in the immunologic release of chemical mediators. The consistent qualitative relationship between the antigen-induced release of mediators and the level of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) as measured by the isolation of 14C-labeled cyclic AMP after incorporation of adenine-14C into the tissues or by the cyclic AMP binding protein assay suggests that changes in the level of this cyclic nucleotide mediate adrenergic modulation of the release of histamine and SRS-A. The addition of 8-bromo-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cyclic GMP) produces an enhancement of the immunologic release of mediators while dibutyryl cyclic AMP is inhibitory. As cholinergic-induced enhancement was not associated with a measurable change in the levels of cyclic AMP, the possibility is suggested that cyclic GMP may be the intracellular mediator of cholinergic-induced enhancement of the immunologic release of histamine and SRS-A.

scholarly journals Initiation and Modulation Of Action Potentials in Salivary Gland Cells of Haementer1A Ghilianii by Putative Transmitters and Cyclic Nucleotides

1991 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-122
Author(s):  
WERNER A. WUTTKE ◽  
MICHAEL S. BERRY
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Cyclic Gmp ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Input Resistance ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Inward Current ◽  
Gland Cells

1. The giant salivary cells of Haementeria ghilianii are known to produce Ca2+-dependent action potentials and to release their secretory products in response to stimulation of the stomatogastric nerve. In this study, the electrophysiological effects of some putative transmitters were examined by perfusion of the gland and two promising candidates were selected for detailed analysis. 2. Acetylcholine (ACh) was the only substance tested which excited the gland cells. It produced a large, Na+-dependent depolarization that elicited 1–3 action potentials and desensitized to about 24% of its maximal value within 2 min. 3. Carbachol, tetramethylammonium and nicotine elicited similar responses to ACh, whereas choline and pilocarpine had negligible effects. 4. The ACh response was completely blocked by d-tubocurarine and strychnine, and was reduced by tetraethylammonium, hexamethonium and atropine. The receptors, therefore, cannot be clearly distinguished as nicotinic or muscarinic. 5. ACh did not elicit secretion, but this does not necessarily preclude it from acting as a neuroglandular transmitter. 6. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was the only transmitter candidate that elicited secretion, though it did not excite the gland cells. 7. 5-HT produced a subthreshold depolarization and an increase in input resistance. Action potentials, elicited by depolarizing pulses, were increased in amplitude and duration, and showed greatly reduced adaptation. 8. 5-HT potentiated the net inward current, evoked by subthreshold depolarizing pulses, by reducing outward K+ current. The inward current, carried by Ca2+, was not directly affected. In addition, 5-HT increased an inwardly rectifying current, carried by Na+ and K+. All the effects of 5-HT tended to increase cell excitability. 9. Salivary cell responses to 5-HT were reversibly antagonised by methysergide. 10. Responses to ACh or 5-HT were not mimicked by 3′, 5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate, which greatly reduced spike amplitude and excitability. The effects were specific to the 3′, 5′ form; 2′, 3′-cyclic GMP had no effect. Cyclic GMP dramatically reduced the duration of action potentials that had been artificially prolonged by TEA+ or removal of external Ca2+. 11. Cyclic 3′, 5′-adenosine monophosphate and its dibutyryl derivative had little effect on membrane properties. 8-Bromo-cyclic AMP, however, mimicked all the effects of 5-HT. It is thought that 5-HT may exert its actions via cyclic AMP. 12. The possible role of 5-HT in salivary secretion is discussed.

Cyclic AMP is involved in cardioregulation by multiple neuropeptides encoded on the FMRFamide gene

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (19) ◽  
pp. 2595-2607 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Willoughby ◽  
M.S. Yeoman ◽  
P.R. Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Isolated Heart ◽  
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Heart Beat ◽  
Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Force Of Contraction

We have used a combination of biochemical and pharmacological techniques to investigate the role of the cyclic nucleotides, 3′, 5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and 3′,5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cyclic GMP), in mediating the cardioregulatory effects of FMRFamide and other neuropeptides encoded on exon II of the FMRFamide gene of Lymnaea stagnalis. The ‘isoleucine’ peptides (EFLRIamide and pQFYRIamide) produced complex biphasic effects on the frequency, force of contraction and tonus of the isolated heart of L. stagnalis, which were dependent on adenylate cyclase (AC) activity of the heart tissue. At a control rate of cyclic AMP production of less than or equal to 10 pmoles min(−)(1)mg(−)(1) protein, the ‘isoleucine’ peptides produced a significant increase in AC activity in heart membrane preparations. This suggested that the enhanced AC activity is responsible for the stimulatory effects of the ‘isoleucine’ peptides on frequency and force of contraction of heart beat. This excitation sometimes followed an initial ‘inhibitory phase’ where the frequency of beat, force of contraction and tonus of the heart were reduced by the ‘isoleucine’ peptides. Hearts that showed the inhibitory phase of the ‘isoleucine’ response, but characteristically lacked the delayed excitatory phase, were found to have high levels of membrane AC activity (breve)10 pmoles min(−)(1)mg(−)(1) protein in controls. Application of the ‘isoleucine’ peptides to membrane homogenate preparation from these hearts failed to increase AC activity. The addition of FMRFamide produced significant increases in the rate of cyclic AMP production in the heart membrane preparations, which could account, at least in part, for the cardioexcitatory effects of this peptide in the isolated whole heart. A membrane-permeable cyclic AMP analogue (8-bromo-cyclic AMP) and an AC activator (forskolin) were also cardioexcitatory. The peptide SEEPLY had no effects on the beat properties of the isolated heart and did not alter AC activity. The activity of the membrane-bound (particulate) guanylate cyclase (GC) was not significantly affected by any of the peptides.

scholarly journals Iontophoretic release of cyclic AMP and dispersion of melanosomes within a single melanophore.

1977 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 928-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
I I Geschwind ◽  
J M Horowitz ◽  
G M Mikuckis ◽  
R D Dewey
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Single Target ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Mean Time

Selective dispersion of melanosomes was often observed after iontophoretic injection of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) from a glass microelectrode positioned in a target melanophore in frog skin (as viewed from above through a microscope), with other melanophores in the field serving as controls. Because the skin has orderly arrays of several types of closely spaced cells, it is probable that at times the microelectrode also impales cells other than melanophores. When cyclic AMP injection inside a cell resulted in dispersion of melanosomes from a perinuclear position into dendritic processes, the onset of dispersion was relatively rapid, in many cases less than 4 min (mean time of onset, 5.3 +/- 2.9 [SD] min). A much slower dispersion (mean time of onset, 19.0 +/- 5.0 min) of melanosomes was observed when the microelectrode was positioned adjacent to a melanophore, and much larger quantities of cyclic AMP were released. In addition, no changes were observed for injections of 5'-AMP or cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP) through electrodes positioned inside or adjacent to melanophores. Potential measurements showed that after impaling a clell, a constant transmembrane potential could often be recorded over many minutes, indicating that the membrane tends to seal around the microelectrode. The results indicate that cyclic AMP acts more rapidly on the inside of a cell than when applied outside a cell and allowed to diffuse through the plasma membrane. This study introduces a model system whereby the properties of the plasma membrane and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) receptors can be studies within a single target cell.

Polydatin Attenuates Carbachol-induced Contraction of Guinea Pig Gallbladder

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Chen Lei ◽  
Pan Xiang ◽  
Shen Yonggang ◽  
Song Kai ◽  
Zhong Xingguo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Dose Dependent

The aim of this study was to determine whether polydatin, a glucoside of resveratrol isolated from the root of Polygonum cuspidatum, warranted development as a potential therapeutic for ameliorating the pain originating from gallbladder spasm disorders and the underlying mechanisms. Guinea pig gallbladder smooth muscles were treated with polydatin and specific inhibitors to explore the mechanisms underpinning polydatin-induced relaxation of carbachol-precontracted guinea pig gallbladder. Our results shown that polydatin relaxed carbachol-induced contraction in a dose-dependent manner through the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate/protein kinase G and the cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A signaling pathways as well as the myosin light chain kinase and potassium channels. Our findings suggested that there was value in further exploring the potential therapeutic use of polydatin in gallbladder spasm disorders.

scholarly journals Effects of Haima Duobian Pill in a Rat Model of Kidney Yang Deficiency Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yijia Zeng ◽  
Tingna Li ◽  
Xiaorui Zhang ◽  
Yuanyuan Ren ◽  
Qinwan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Kidney Yang Deficiency

Objective. Modern research shows that Haima Duobian pill (HDP) can relieve the kidney yang deficiency syndrome (KYDS), but the mechanism is still unclear. The aim of this work was to study the effects of HDP in a rat model of KYDS. Materials and Methods. The network pharmacology methods were used to predict the therapeutic effects of Haima Duobian pill. Adenine was used to establish the rat model of kidney yang deficiency syndrome. The general physical signs of rats were observed after different doses of Haima Duobian pill (HDP) were given. Serum cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Then, the histopathologic changes and sperm activity were detected. Results. HDP could improve the general signs of kidney yang deficiency syndrome rats. After the rats were treated with HDP, the expression of cGMP and E2 was significantly inhibited and the expression of cAMP and T was significantly increased. The pathological damage of testis, epididymis, and seminal vesicle was alleviated, and the sperm activity was improved. Conclusion. For adenine-induced kidney yang deficiency syndrome in rats, HDP had a significant therapeutic effect.

scholarly journals SITE OF ACTION OF 3',5'-CYCLIC ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE IN PRODUCTION OF TRYPTOPHANASE IN ESCHERICHIA COLI

Genetics ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
LaDonna Immken ◽  
David Apirion
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Polypeptide Chain ◽  
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Chain Elongation ◽  
Site Of Action

ABSTRACT 3″,5″ cyclic-AMP (cAMP) will stimulate the rate of tryptophanase synthesis in Escherichia coli cultures induced with tryptophan. Adding cAMP after the initiation of messenger RNA synthesis was blocked by rifampicin, did not stimulate tryptophanase synthesis. This indicates that cAMP acts at initiation of either transcription or translation and not at the level of chain elongation of either the messenger or the polypeptide chain.

scholarly journals Cyclic AMP response element-binding protein is required in excitatory neurons in the forebrain to sustain wakefulness

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu E Wimmer ◽  
Rosa Cui ◽  
Jennifer M Blackwell ◽  
Ted Abel
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Response Element ◽  
Creb Phosphorylation ◽  
Element Binding Protein ◽  
And Control

Abstract The molecular and intracellular signaling processes that control sleep and wake states remain largely unknown. A consistent observation is that the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) response element-binding protein (CREB), an activity-dependent transcription factor, is differentially activated during sleep and wakefulness. CREB is phosphorylated by the cyclic AMP/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) signaling pathway as well as other kinases, and phosphorylated CREB promotes the transcription of target genes. Genetic studies in flies and mice suggest that CREB signaling influences sleep/wake states by promoting and stabilizing wakefulness. However, it remains unclear where in the brain CREB is required to drive wakefulness. In rats, CREB phosphorylation increases in the cerebral cortex during wakefulness and decreases during sleep, but it is not known if this change is functionally relevant to the maintenance of wakefulness. Here, we used the Cre/lox system to conditionally delete CREB in the forebrain (FB) and in the locus coeruleus (LC), two regions known to be important for the production of arousal and wakefulness. We used polysomnography to measure sleep/wake levels and sleep architecture in conditional CREB mutant mice and control littermates. We found that FB-specific deletion of CREB decreased wakefulness and increased non-rapid eye movement sleep. Mice lacking CREB in the FB were unable to sustain normal periods of wakefulness. On the other hand, deletion of CREB from LC neurons did not change sleep/wake levels or sleep/wake architecture. Taken together, these results suggest that CREB is required in neurons within the FB but not in the LC to promote and stabilize wakefulness.

Lithium administration and phosphate excretion

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (4) ◽  
pp. 1140-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Arruda ◽  
JM Richardson ◽  
JA Wolfson ◽  
L Nascimento ◽  
DR Rademacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Fractional Excretion ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenyl Cyclase ◽  
Phosphate Excretion ◽  
Camp System

The phosphaturic effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), acetazolamide (Az), and HCO3 loading was studied in normal, thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX), and Li-treated dogs. PTH administration to normal animals markedly increased fractional excretion (F) of PO4 but had a blunted effect on FPO4 in the Li-treated animals. Cyclic AMP likewise markedly increased FPO4 in the normal animals but had a markedly blunted effect in the Li-treated animals. Az led to a significant increase in FNa, FHCO3, and FPO4 in the normal animals. In the Li-treated dogs, Az induced a significant natriuresis and bicarbonaturia but failed to increase phosphaturia. HCO3 loading in normal dogs caused a significant phosphaturia while having little effect on FPO4 in Li-treated dogs. HCO3 loading to TPTX dogs was associated with a lower FPO4 as compared to normal HCO3-loaded animals. These data suggest that Li administration not only blocks the adenyl cyclase-cAMP system in the renal cortex, but it may also interfere with a step distal to the formation of cAMP, since the phosphaturic effect of both PTH and cAMP was markedly diminished in Li-treated animals.

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