scholarly journals Characterization of murine lung dendritic cells: similarities to Langerhans cells and thymic dendritic cells.

1990 ◽  
Vol 172 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Pollard ◽  
M F Lipscomb
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Langerhans Cells ◽  
Buoyant Density ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Lung Cells ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Murine Lung ◽  
Macrophage Marker

Dendritic cells (DC) are potent accessory cells (AC) for the initiation of primary immune responses. Although murine lymphoid DC and Langerhans cells have been extensively characterized, DC from murine lung have been incompletely described. We isolated cells from enzyme-digested murine lungs and bronchoalveolar lavages that were potent stimulators of a primary mixed lymphocyte response (MLR). The AC had a low buoyant density, were loosely adherent and nonphagocytic. AC function was unaffected by depletion of cells expressing the splenic DC marker, 33D1. In addition, antibody and complement depletion of cells bearing the macrophage marker F4/80, or removal of phagocytic cells with silica also failed to decrease AC activity. In contrast, AC function was decreased by depletion of cells expressing the markers J11d and the low affinity interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R), both present on thymic and skin DC. AC function was approximately equal in FcR+ and FcR- subpopulations, indicating there was heterogeneity within the AC population. Consistent with the functional data, a combined two-color immunofluorescence and latex bead uptake technique revealed that lung cells high in AC activity were enriched in brightly Ia+ dendritic-shaped cells that (a) were nonphagocytic, (b) lacked specific T and B lymphocyte markers and the macrophage marker F4/80, but (c) frequently expressed C3biR, low affinity IL-2R, FcRII, and the markers NLDC-145 and J11d. Taken together, the functional and phenotypic data suggest the lung cells that stimulate resting T cells in an MLR and that might be important in local pulmonary immune responses are DC that bear functional and phenotypic similarity to other tissues DC, such as Langerhans cells and thymic DC.

scholarly journals Murine epidermal Langerhans cells mature into potent immunostimulatory dendritic cells in vitro.

1985 ◽  
Vol 161 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Schuler ◽  
R M Steinman
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Langerhans Cells ◽  
Buoyant Density ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase ◽  
Birbeck Granules ◽  
Ia Antigens ◽  
Membrane Atpase ◽  
Stimulatory Capacity ◽  
Epidermal Langerhans Cells

Murine epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) have been studied in tissue culture and compared to spleen dendritic cells (DC). LC comprised 3% of the starting cell suspensions and were distinguished from keratinocytes by cytology and reactivity with anti-Ia and anti-Mac-1 monoclonal antibodies. The LC were nonadherent, had a low buoyant density, did not proliferate, and could be enriched to 10-50% purity. LC continued to exhibit Ia and Mac-1 antigens for 4 d in culture. However, LC rapidly lost Birbeck granules, Fc receptors, F4/80 antigen, and cytochemical reactivity for nonspecific esterase and membrane ATPase. As a result, the ultrastructure and phenotype of cultured LC became remarkably similar to lymphoid DC. Stimulatory capacity for T cell proliferative responses (oxidative mitogenesis and the mixed leukocyte reaction) was monitored daily. Initially, stimulatory capacity was very weak, even though LC expressed substantial levels of Ia antigens. After 2-3 d in culture, LC had become 3-10 times more potent than spleen DC. 30 LC could induce significant responses in cultures of 3 X 10(5) responding T cells. Removal of Ia+ LC at the start of culture ablated the development of stimulatory activity, but exposure to 1,500 rad of ionizing irradiation did not. Mixing experiments showed that contaminating Ia- epidermal cells did not alter the function of Ia+ stimulators. Therefore, LC seem to be immunologically immature, but acquire many of the features of spleen DC during culture. We suggest that functioning lymphoid DC may, in general, be derived from less mature precursors located in nonlymphoid tissues.

Dendritic cells of the human epidermis: immuno-electron microscopic studies of la antigen reactivity

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 644-645
Author(s):  
G. Rowden ◽  
M. G. Lewis ◽  
T. M. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Langerhans Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
La Antigen ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
A Cell ◽  
C3 Receptors ◽  
Antigen Reactivity

Langerhans cells of mammalian stratified squamous epithelial have proven to be an enigma since their discovery in 1868. These dendritic suprabasal cells have been considered as related to melanocytes either as effete cells, or as post divisional products. Although grafting experiments seemed to demonstrate the independence of the cell types, much confusion still exists. The presence in the epidermis of a cell type with morphological features seemingly shared by melanocytes and Langerhans cells has been especially troublesome. This so called "indeterminate", or " -dendritic cell" lacks both Langerhans cells granules and melanosomes, yet it is clearly not a keratinocyte. Suggestions have been made that it is related to either Langerhans cells or melanocyte. Recent studies have unequivocally demonstrated that Langerhans cells are independent cells with immune function. They display Fc and C3 receptors on their surface as well as la (immune region associated) antigens.

Adjuvant-independent enhanced immune responses to recombinant herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein D by fusion with biologically active interleukin-2

Vaccine ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Hazama ◽  
Aki Mayumi-Aono ◽  
Naoki Asakawa ◽  
Shun'ichi Kuroda ◽  
Shuji Hinuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus Type ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Glycoprotein D ◽  
Simplex Virus

scholarly journals Innate cell profiles during the acute and convalescent phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie R. Neeland ◽  
Samantha Bannister ◽  
Vanessa Clifford ◽  
Kate Dohle ◽  
Kim Mulholland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Activated Neutrophils ◽  
Classical Monocytes

AbstractChildren have mild severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) confirmed disease (COVID-19) compared to adults and the immunological mechanisms underlying this difference remain unclear. Here, we report acute and convalescent innate immune responses in 48 children and 70 adults infected with, or exposed to, SARS-CoV-2. We find clinically mild SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is characterised by reduced circulating subsets of monocytes (classical, intermediate, non-classical), dendritic cells and natural killer cells during the acute phase. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2-infected adults show reduced proportions of non-classical monocytes only. We also observe increased proportions of CD63+ activated neutrophils during the acute phase to SARS-CoV-2 in infected children. Children and adults exposed to SARS-CoV-2 but negative on PCR testing display increased proportions of low-density neutrophils that we observe up to 7 weeks post exposure. This study characterises the innate immune response during SARS-CoV-2 infection and household exposure in children.

scholarly journals A Missing Link: Engagements of Dendritic Cells in the Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1118
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz Alamri ◽  
Derek Fisk ◽  
Deepak Upreti ◽  
Sam K. P. Kung
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Cell Recruitment ◽  
Cross Presentation ◽  
Cell Immunity ◽  
Immune Cell Recruitment

Dendritic cells (DC) connect the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system and carry out numerous roles that are significant in the context of viral disease. Their functions include the control of inflammatory responses, the promotion of tolerance, cross-presentation, immune cell recruitment and the production of antiviral cytokines. Based primarily on the available literature that characterizes the behaviour of many DC subsets during Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we speculated possible mechanisms through which DC could contribute to COVID-19 immune responses, such as dissemination of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to lymph nodes, mounting dysfunctional inteferon responses and T cell immunity in patients. We highlighted gaps of knowledge in our understanding of DC in COVID-19 pathogenesis and discussed current pre-clinical development of therapies for COVID-19.

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