scholarly journals BRAIN LESIONS OF THE DOMESTIC RABBIT

1924 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. McCartney
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Transplantable Tumor ◽  
Cerebral Lesions ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Domestic Rabbit

Lesions of meningoencephalitis were found in 55 per cent of 372 rabbits comprising the laboratory stock regarded as healthy, others with snuffles or dying from different affections while being kept under observation, and still others which were employed for experimental purposes, such as tumor transplantation and Treponema pallidum inoculation. None was injected intracerebrally. The lesions consist in the main of infiltration with mononuclear cells occurring around the blood vessels, in the meninges, in the cortex, and under the ependyma of the lateral ventricles, together with particular focal necrotic areas in the cortex. The incidence of these histopathological changes varies in different series of animals; in those supposedly normal and in rabbits inoculated with a transplantable tumor or with Treponema pallidum material, the percentage of positives was from 40 to 60; in those suffering from miscellaneous diseases, such as pneumonia, septicemia, etc., the percentage was 70, and in rabbits ill with snuffles, as many as 76 per cent were affected. Marked lesions were observed in 47.5 per cent of the total. The histopathological picture observed in these rabbits corresponds to those offered by a number of investigators as evidence of the transmission of certain nervous diseases of man to this animal. The accidental cerebral lesions in the rabbit, of a wide variety, and of frequent occurrence, are to be regarded as existing before any experimental procedure is begun. Their recognition is of the utmost importance in the interpretation of experimental results based on the presence of similar changes in this animal.

scholarly journals Histopathological changes in some tissues of Tigris river fishes, exposed to petroleum hydrocarbons, Baghdad city

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Nahla Taleb Mansoor
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Liza Abu

      During the period between January till December 2012, a total of 119 fish samples were collected and examined from Tigris River between Al-Jadiriya Bridge and Al-Zaafaraniya region in two stations, the first station was located under Al-Jadiriya bridge and the second station was located at Al-Zaafaraniya region before Diayla river in order to know the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons in the tissues of the examined fishes. Fish samples belonged to (16) species (Acanthobrama marmid, Albernus caeruleus, Aspius vorax, Barbua belayewi, B. grypus, B. xanthopterus, Carassius carassius, Carasobarbus luteus, Cyprinion macrostomum, Chondrostomua regium, Gara ruffa, Heteropneustes fossilis, Leuciscus cephalus, Liza abu, Mystus pelusius and Tilapia zillii). The histopathological examination included 44 specimens from the internal and external organs of Chontrostoma regium in order to examine the histopathological changes in some organs like (gills, muscles, kidney, liver and spleen). The results revealed congestion, edema, separating, severe vacuolation and dilation of gill secondary lamella, while muscle samples showed mild hyalinization, infiltration of mononuclear cells and fragmentation. The kidney showed hydropic degeneration, necrosis changes, hyperplastic of melanomacrophages, severe dilation of blood vessels with cellular swelling of renal tubule epithelial lining and depletion of hemopoiotic tissues. Severe dilation and congestion of blood vessels and sinusoid, nucleopleomorphism were noticed with nucleomegalocytic of hepatocytes, hemorrhagic with mineral deposition in hepatic parenchyma. Lymphoid depletion in white pulp and hemopoitic tissues, congestion of red pulp, severe hyperplasia were noticed with dilation of splenic tissues. Water samples from Tigris river were analyzed for measuring the level of petroleum hydrocarbons in water and appeared that the pollution 0.0048 mg/L in Al-Jadiriya station and 0.0674 mg/L in Al-Zaafaraniya station.      

Rapid correction of severe hyponatremia in the rat: histopathological changes in the brain

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (5) ◽  
pp. F711-F719 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Ayus ◽  
R. K. Krothapalli ◽  
D. L. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Severe Hyponatremia ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Rapid Correction

The purpose of the present studies was to examine the effects of rapid correction of severe hyponatremia (serum sodium less than 120 meq/liter) either to mildly hyponatremic levels (serum sodium = 130 meq/liter) or to normonatremic levels (serum sodium = 150 meq/liter) on the brain histology of rats. In group I, 13% of the rats revealed brain lesions following correction to mildly hyponatremic levels by the administration of 855 mM NaCl. All the rats (100%) in group II had brain lesions following correction to normonatremic levels by 24 h of water restriction. Similarly, all the rats in group III showed brain lesions following correction to normonatremic levels by the administration of 855 mM NaCl. Severe hyponatremia by itself did not cause any brain lesions in another group. We conclude that rapid correction of severe hyponatremia to mildly hyponatremic levels by the administration of 855 mM NaCl does not cause significant brain lesions. On the other hand, rapid correction to normonatremic levels either by water restriction or by the administration of 855 mM NaCl results in significant brain lesions.

scholarly journals About the neurolinguistics of the implicatures: abstract of a study

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-255
Author(s):  
Juliano Luís Fontanari
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Cerebral Lesions ◽  
The Right

Taking into account recent data on linguistics of production and comprehension in aphasia, a protocol was executed including the several types of implicatures. The protocol was applied to 90 subjects classified according to the localization of cerebral lesions, as shown by CT. Results are discussed in report to clinical manifestations of brain lesions, as aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, and intelligence and pragmatics disturbances. Discussion supports the impression that there is a mechanism that correlates extra-linguistics contexts with the 'said' at the right hemisphere.

scholarly journals MicroRNA expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells associated with syphilis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Huang ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Wujian Ke ◽  
Xiaohui Zhang ◽  
Wentao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Target Sequence ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells

Abstract Background Treponema pallidum ( T. pallidum ) infection evokes significant immune responses, resulting in tissue damage. The immune mechanism underlying T. pallidum infection is still unclear, although microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to influence immune cell function and, consequently, the generation of antibody responses during other microbe infections. However, these mechanisms are unknown for T. pallidum . Methods In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed miRNAs in healthy individuals, untreated patients with syphilis, patients in the serofast state, and serologically cured patients. miRNAs were profiled from the peripheral blood of patients obtained at the time of serological diagnosis. Then, both the target sequence analysis of these different miRNAs and pathway analysis were performed to identify important immune and cell signaling pathways. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed for microRNA analysis. Results A total of 89 differentially regulated miRNAs were identified. Following RT-qPCR confirmation, three miRNAs (hsa-miR-195-5p, hsa-miR-223-3p, hsa-miR-589-3p) showed significant differences in the serofast and serologically cured states ( P <0.05). One miRNA (hsa-miR-195-5p) showed significant differences between untreated patients and healthy individuals. Conclusions This is the first study of miRNA expression differences in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in different stages of T. pallium infection. Our study suggests that the combination of three miRNAs has great potential to serve as a non-invasive biomarker of T. pallium infections, which will facilitate better diagnosis and treatment of T. pallium infections.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Kinetics of Treponema pallidum Dissemination into Blood and Tissues in Experimental Syphilis by Real-Time Quantitative PCR

2007 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 2954-2958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C. Salazar ◽  
Asha Rathi ◽  
Nelson L. Michael ◽  
Justin D. Radolf ◽  
Linda L. Jagodzinski
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Kinetics Of

ABSTRACT Little is known about the size and kinetics of treponemal burdens in blood and tissues during acquired or experimental syphilitic infection. We used real-time quantitative PCR to measure Treponema pallidum DNA levels in rabbits infected intratesticularly with the prototype Nichols strain. At the outset, we performed a series of in vitro blood spiking experiments to determine the effect of blood processing procedures on the distribution of treponemes in various blood components. T. pallidum DNA levels in plasma and whole blood were approximately 10-fold higher than those in serum and more than 200-fold greater than those in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Ten rabbits were inoculated intratesticularly with doses of treponemes ranging from 4 × 107 to 2 × 108 organisms. In five rabbits, T. pallidum DNA levels were measured sequentially in serum, plasma, whole blood, and PBMCs until sacrifice at peak orchitis, at which time brain, kidney, liver, spleen, and testicles were harvested; blood and organs were also harvested at orchitis from the other five rabbits. T. pallidum DNA was detected in plasma within 24 h postinfection. Treponeme levels in whole blood and blood components increased significantly with the development of peak orchitis. Overall, levels in serum and PBMCs were lower than those in plasma and whole blood; this disparity was particularly marked at early time points. Significantly greater numbers of spirochetes were found in the spleen than in liver, kidney, or brain tissue at the time of sacrifice. Our findings highlight the remarkable capacity of T. pallidum to disseminate from the site of infection to blood and tissues, and they identify the spleen as a prime target for treponemal invasion.

Influence of Cylindrical Inclusion on the Elastic Field of Soft Material Loaded by Wedge Indenter

2014 ◽  
Vol 670-671 ◽  
pp. 664-667
Author(s):  
Xiao Hua Tan ◽  
Wei Qiu ◽  
Xia Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Rigid Inclusion ◽  
Elastic Field ◽  
Contact Stresses ◽  
Soft Material ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Cylindrical Inclusion ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Soft Matrix

In this work, the influence of a rigid cylindrical inclusion on the elastic field in a transparent soft material is studied by an embedded-grating technique. The same experimental procedure was implemented on two specimens, a homogeneous bulk soft material and the same material containing a rigid cylindrical inhomogeneity. Under the indentation of a rigid wedge, two kinds of deformation sectors underneath the contacting boundary are observed from experimental results. Furthermore, the shape of the deformation sectors is horizontally expanded due to the inclusion. A local fluctuation of contact stresses between the soft matrix and rigid inclusion are discussed.

scholarly journals Retinal Image Graph-Cut Segmentation Algorithm Using Multiscale Hessian-Enhancement-Based Nonlocal Mean Filter

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Zheng ◽  
Pei-Rong Lu ◽  
Dehui Xiang ◽  
Ya-Kang Dai ◽  
Zhao-Bang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Retinal Image ◽  
Symmetry Transformation ◽  
Graph Cut ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
New Method ◽  
Retinal Vessels ◽  
Radial Gradient ◽  
Mean Filter ◽  
Graph Cut Segmentation

We propose a new method to enhance and extract the retinal vessels. First, we employ a multiscale Hessian-based filter to compute the maximum response of vessel likeness function for each pixel. By this step, blood vessels of different widths are significantly enhanced. Then, we adopt a nonlocal mean filter to suppress the noise of enhanced image and maintain the vessel information at the same time. After that, a radial gradient symmetry transformation is adopted to suppress the nonvessel structures. Finally, an accurate graph-cut segmentation step is performed using the result of previous symmetry transformation as an initial. We test the proposed approach on the publicly available databases: DRIVE. The experimental results show that our method is quite effective.

scholarly journals Study of histopathological changes in brian of mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii isolated from domestic rabbit

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-93
Author(s):  
Raghad Ibraheam Khalil AL-Mahdawi
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Domestic Rabbit ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Dark Blue ◽  
Intraperitoneal Inoculation

     The study was designed to determine the infection rate of Toxoplasma gondii in the rabbits and histopathological changes of infected internal organs in mice. A total of 60 blood samples were collected from clinically healthy rabbits from different region of Baghdad city for the serological detection of T. gondii infection. Biological assay in mice was performed by intraperitoneal inoculation of 0.1 ml digested organs suspension, (lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidney, muscles, and brain) during the period from October 2013 until July 2014. The results revealed histopathological changes in bioassay mice infected by T. gondii isolated from domestic rabbit, no histopathological changes in the brain of animals of first group1 (control group), but in the group 2 (killed at day 15) the main pathological changes were perivascular perineuronal edema with presence of some degenerated neurons characterized  by shrunken dark blue stained (basophilic) cell bodies. In the animals of the group 2 (killed at day 21) the main brain histopathological changes were Sever congestion of meningeal blood vessels with infiltration of inflammatory cells and focal aggregation of microglial cells with diffuse obvious focal gliosis, whereas, in the same group animals that killed at day 28 the main brain histopathological changes were focal encephalomalacia and edema between molecular and granular layer.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of the Forces and Parameters for the Opening of Incisions Inside Ocular Cavity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Olenin Ramírez-Beltrán ◽  
Luis Adrian Zuninga Avilés ◽  
Rosa Maria Valdovinos-Rosas ◽  
Jose Javier Reyes-Lagos ◽  
Giorgio Mackenzie Cruz-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Elastic Material ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Orbital Cavity ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The experimental results of forces and efforts derived from the opening of incisions in the orbital cavity in a pig&rsquo;s head are presented in this article. The different areas of the incision openings are related to the needs at the incision procedure for a dacryocystorhinostomy. In terms of the experimental procedure, an origin and a plane are defined so as to allow the location of the opening of the incision. The incisions are retracted along an axis of said origin. This procedure has been based on the mathematical model developed for this work, which consists of a procedure for determining the behavior of an incision when a force is applied to retract the skin. The experimental data obtained, suggests the existence of an almost linear relationship between the increment of resistance in relation to the time obtained for each opening, the same of which is deemed to be consistent with the behavior of an elastic material.

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