scholarly journals The 3.6–8.0 μm Broadband Emission Spectrum of HD 209458b: Evidence for an Atmospheric Temperature Inversion

2008 ◽  
Vol 673 (1) ◽  
pp. 526-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather A. Knutson ◽  
David Charbonneau ◽  
Lori E. Allen ◽  
Adam Burrows ◽  
S. Thomas Megeath
Keyword(s):  
Emission Spectrum ◽  
Temperature Inversion ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Broadband Emission

scholarly journals Mesospheric bores at southern midlatitudes observed by ISS-IMAP/VISI: a first report of an undulating wave front

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 16399-16407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Hozumi ◽  
Akinori Saito ◽  
Takeshi Sakanoi ◽  
Atsushi Yamazaki ◽  
Keisuke Hosokawa
Keyword(s):  
Wave Front ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Inversion Layer ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Temperature Inversion ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Broadband Emission ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Spectral Imager

Abstract. Large-scale spatial structures of mesospheric bores were observed by the Visible and near-Infrared Spectral Imager (VISI) of the ISS-IMAP mission (Ionosphere, Mesosphere, upper Atmosphere and Plasmasphere mapping mission from the International Space Station) in the mesospheric O2 airglow at 762 nm wavelength. Two mesospheric bore events in southern midlatitudes are reported in this paper: one event at 48–54∘ S, 10–20∘ E on 9 July 2015 and the other event at 35–43∘ S, 24∘ W–1∘ E on 7 May 2013. For the first event, the temporal evolution of the mesospheric bore was investigated from the difference of two observations in consecutive passes. The estimated eastward speed of the bore is 100 m s−1. The number of trailing waves increased with a rate of 3.5 waves h−1. Anticlockwise rotation with a speed of 20∘ h−1 was also recognized. These parameters are similar to those reported by previous studies based on ground-based measurements, and the similarity supports the validity of VISI observation for mesospheric bores. For the second event, VISI captured a mesospheric bore with a large-scale and undulating wave front. The horizontal extent of the wave front was 2200 km. The long wave front undulated with a wavelength of 1000 km. The undulating wave front is a new feature of mesospheric bores revealed by the wide field of view of VISI. We suggest that nonuniform bore propagating speed due to inhomogeneous background ducting structure might be a cause of the undulation of the wave front. Temperature measurements from the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) onboard the Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere, Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite indicated that bores of both events were ducted in a temperature inversion layer.

Broadband emission spectrum dynamics of large water droplets exposed to intense ultrashort laser radiation

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (16) ◽  
pp. 2717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri E. Geints ◽  
Andrey M. Kabanov ◽  
Gennadii G. Matvienko ◽  
Victor K. Oshlakov ◽  
Alexander A. Zemlyanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Radiation ◽  
Emission Spectrum ◽  
Water Droplets ◽  
Broadband Emission ◽  
Large Water ◽  
Ultrashort Laser

Characteristics of Satellite-Derived Clear-Sky Atmospheric Temperature Inversion Strength in the Arctic, 1980–96

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (19) ◽  
pp. 4902-4913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinghui Liu ◽  
Jeffrey R. Key ◽  
Axel Schweiger ◽  
Jennifer Francis
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Inversion ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Radiosonde Data ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
Dominant Feature ◽  
Inversion Strength ◽  
Arctic Atmosphere ◽  
Temperature Inversions

Abstract The low-level atmospheric temperature inversion is a dominant feature of the Arctic atmosphere throughout most of the year. Meteorological stations that provide radiosonde data are sparsely distributed across the Arctic, and therefore provide little information on the spatial distribution of temperature inversions. Satellite-borne sensors provide an opportunity to fill the observational gap. In this study, a 17-yr time series, 1980–96, of clear-sky temperature inversion strength during the cold season is derived from High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) data using a two-channel statistical method. The satellite-derived clear-sky inversion strength monthly mean and trends agree well with radiosonde data. Both increasing and decreasing trends are found in the cold season for different areas. It is shown that there is a strong coupling between changes in surface temperature and changes in inversion strength, but that trends in some areas may be a result of advection aloft rather than warming or cooling at the surface.

scholarly journals A Characterization of the Quality of the Stratospheric Temperature Distributions from SABER based on Comparisons with COSMIC Data

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 2401-2413
Author(s):  
Z. Q. Fan ◽  
Z. Sheng ◽  
H. Q. Shi ◽  
X. H. Zhang ◽  
C. J. Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Cosmic Radio ◽  
Broadband Emission ◽  
Stratospheric Temperature ◽  
Weather Situation ◽  
Important Field ◽  
Temperature Standard

AbstractGlobal stratospheric temperature measurement is an important field in the study of climate and weather. Dynamic and radiative coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere has been demonstrated in a number of studies over the past decade or so. However, studies of the stratosphere were hampered by a shortage of observation data before satellite technology was used in atmospheric sounding. Now, the data from the Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics, and Dynamics/Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (TIMED/SABER) observations make it easier to study the stratosphere. The precision and accuracy of TIMED/SABER satellite soundings in the stratosphere are analyzed in this paper using refraction error data and temperature data obtained from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC) radio occultation sounding system and TIMED/SABER temperature data between April 2006 and December 2009. The results show high detection accuracy of TIMED/SABER satellite soundings in the stratosphere. The temperature standard deviation (STDV) errors of SABER are mostly in the range from of 0–3.5 K. At 40 km the STDV error is usually less than 1 K, which means that TIMED/SABER temperature is close to the real atmospheric temperature at this height. The distributions of SABER STDV errors follow a seasonal variation: they are approximately similar in the months that belong to the same season. As the weather situation is complicated and fickle, the distribution of SABER STDV errors is most complex at the equator. The results in this paper are consistent with previous research and can provide further support for application of the SABER’s temperature data.

scholarly journals Seismogenic Anomalies in Atmospheric Gravity Waves as Observed from SABER/TIMED Satellite during Large Earthquakes

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Subrata Kundu ◽  
Swati Chowdhury ◽  
Soujan Ghosh ◽  
Sudipta Sasmal ◽  
Dimitrios Z. Politis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Geomagnetic Disturbances ◽  
Atmospheric Gravity Wave ◽  
Broadband Emission ◽  
Richter Scale ◽  
Ocean Region ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature Profile ◽  
Atmospheric Gravity ◽  
Large Earthquakes

Atmospheric disturbances caused by seismic activity are a complex phenomenon. The Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere Coupling (LAIC) (LAIC) mechanism gives a detailed idea to understand these processes to study the possible impacts of a forthcoming earthquake. The atmospheric gravity wave (AGW) is one of the most accurate parameters for explaining such LAIC process, where seismogenic disturbances can be explained in terms of atmospheric waves caused by temperature changes. The key goal of this work is to study the perturbation in the potential energy associated with stratospheric AGW prior to many large earthquakes. We select seven large earthquakes having Richter scale magnitudes greater than seven ( M > 7.0 ) in Japan (Tohoku and Kumamoto), Mexico (Chiapas), Nepal, and the Indian Ocean region, to study the intensification of AGW using the atmospheric temperature profile as recorded from the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) satellite. We observe a significant enhancement in the potential energy of the AGW ranging from 2 to 22 days prior to different earthquakes. We examine the conditions of geomagnetic disturbances, typhoons, and thunderstorms during our study and eliminate the possible contamination due to these events.

scholarly journals A study of temperature profiles and trends as revealed by COSMIC RO technique and balloon –borne radiosonde instrument

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Naveen Kumar 1 ◽  
M. Purnachandra Rao 2 ◽  
G. Anil Kumar 3 ◽  
K. Samatha 2 ◽  
P. S. Brahmanandam 4
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Inversion ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Northern Summer ◽  
Northern Winter ◽  
Residual Correction ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
June July

This research presents atmospheric temperature profiles and trends retrieved using COSMIC RO technique and balloon-borne radiosonde instrument in 2007 and a few cases during 2017. By effectively using ‘wet’ temperature product available at COSMIC Data Analysis and Archive Center (CDAAC) website, an analysis has been made to present temperature profiles and trends at various regions including, Indian, Taiwan and Japan. A one-to-one correspondence is, clearly, seen between temperature profiles retrieved with COSMIC RO and radiosonde instrument. But, few and dominant differences in temperature profiles are found below at an altitude of ~5 km and above around tropopause (~16-17 km). The dominant differences found at below ~5km could be due to the inhomogeneous distribution of humidity present, generally, at the tropical regions, whereas above the tropopause altitudes, differences might be due to the ionospheric residual correction as reported by other researchers. Further, temperature monthly trends at various regions show distinct characteristics including, a sharp temperature inversion up to tropopause altitude. In addition, it is also observed maximum temperatures (peaks) during the northern summer seasons (May, June, July, and August) and minimum temperatures (troughs) during the northern winter seasons (November, December, January, and February) near to the surface of the Earth. Interestingly, although it is generally observed that the tropopause altitude is located at ~ 16-17 km at various regions, a keen observation reveals that distinct seasonal and latitudinal variations can be witnessed. With this case study, it may be concluded that the COSMIC RO technique is able to provide very accurate measurement, which reiterates its importance as a powerful tool to explore the Earth’s atmosphere on the local and global scale.

scholarly journals Residual Temperature Bias Effects in LIMS Stratospheric Ozone and Water Vapor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellis Remsberg ◽  
V. Lynn Harvey ◽  
Arlin Krueger ◽  
Murali Natarajan
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Retrieval Algorithm ◽  
Temperature Bias ◽  
Broadband Emission ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Hemisphere Winter

Abstract. The Nimbus 7 Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) instrument operated from October 25, 1978, through May 28, 1979. Its Version (V6) profiles were processed and archived in 2002. We present several diagnostic examples of the quality of the V6 stratospheric ozone and water vapor data based on their Level 3 zonal Fourier coefficient products. In particular, we show that there are small differences in the ascending (A) minus descending (D) orbital temperature-pressure or T(p) profiles (their A-D values) that affect (A-D) ozone and water vapor. Systematic A-D biases in T(p) can arise from small radiance biases and/or from viewing anomalies along orbits. There can also be (A-D) differences in T(p) due to not resolving and correcting for all of the atmospheric temperature gradient along LIMS tangent view-paths. An error in T(p) affects the retrievals of ozone and water vapor through: (1) the Planck blackbody function in forward calculations of limb radiance that are part of the iterative retrieval algorithm of LIMS, and (2) the registration of the measured LIMS species radiance profiles in pressure-altitude, particularly for the lower stratosphere. We evaluate V6 ozone profile biases in the upper stratosphere with the aid of comparisons against a monthly climatology of UV-ozone soundings from rocketsondes. We also provide results of time series analyses of V6 ozone, water vapor, and potential vorticity for the middle stratosphere to show that their average (A+D) V6 Level 3 products provide a clear picture of the evolution of those tracers during northern hemisphere winter. We recommend that researchers use the average V6 Level 3 data for their science studies of stratospheric ozone and water vapor wherever diurnal variations of them are unexpected. We also point out that the present-day Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) experiment is providing measurements and retrievals of temperature and ozone, which are essentially free of any anomalous diurnal variations.

scholarly journals Measurement report: Immediate impact of the Taal volcanic eruption on atmospheric temperature observed from COSMIC-2 RO measurements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saginela Ravindra Babu ◽  
Yuei-An Liou
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Volcanic Eruption ◽  
Temperature Inversion ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Temperature Structure ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Taal Volcano ◽  
Strong Winds

Abstract. For the first time after 43 years of its previous eruption in 1977, the Taal volcano in the Philippines (14° N, 120.59° E) erupted in the afternoon of 12 January, 2020. Interestingly, the Taal volcanic eruption was associated with a strong anticyclonic circulation at the upper levels over the western Pacific region in the northern hemisphere. As a result, the volcanic plumes were carried through the background upper level strong winds to the anticyclone over the Pacific Ocean within a few days following the eruption. In this study, the detailed vertical structure and the day-to-day temperature variability in response to the eruption is delineated by using high-resolution temperature measurements from the recently launched Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC)-2 radio occultation (RO) data. We describe the vertical temperature structure near (within 2 degree radius) and away (~ 5 degree radius) from the volcano during its intense eruption day (13 January 2020). A significant temperature inversion at ~ 15 km altitude is observed in the nearest temperature profiles (within 2 degree radius). Multiple tropopauses are evident in the temperature profiles that are available away from the volcano (~ 5 degree radius). The cloud top altitude of 15.2 km detected from the RO bending angle anomaly method is demonstrated. Furthermore, the diurnal temperature and relative humidity anomalies are estimated over ± 5° latitude and longitude radius from the volcano center and over the region of 10–20° N, 160–180° E with respect to the mean temperature of one week before the eruption. A persistent warming layer is observed at 16–19 km altitude range in both regions for several days after the eruption. A strong increase of ~ 50 % relative humidity at 15 km altitude is also noticed just after the eruption in the Taal volcano region. The present work shows the advantages and usefulness of the newly-launched COSMIC-2 data for near real-time temperature monitoring at shorter time scales with sufficient data.

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