Hollow core negative curvature fiber based refractive index sensor design and investigation for tuberculosis monitoring

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarunnum Parvin ◽  
Lway Faisal Abdulrazak ◽  
Fahad Ahmed Al Zahrani ◽  
Sumaiya Akhtar Mitu ◽  
Md. Nadim Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Region ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Spot Size ◽  
Confinement Loss ◽  
Refractive Index Sensor ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Fiber Sensors

Abstract A myriad of pensile but pertinent issues found in the optical fiber sensors can be seeked resolution based on the antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) working principle. Due to its compact structure, the anti-resonance based sensor has several advantages such as high sensitivity response, low confinement loss, and high stability that make the sensor more effective for health monitoring. In this manuscript, an anti-resonance fiber sensor has been proposed for the detection of tuberculosis cells. An analytical structure has been explored to simulate the characteristics of the ARROW. For the suggested structure, the Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to conduct its numerical investigations. The proposed optical sensor working on the ARROW principle was implemented on the Comsol Multiphysics software. From the numerical analysis, it is noted that the designed sensor has reached around 99% sensitivity with negligible confinement loss and single modality due to the excellent light-guiding properties of the anti-resonance fiber. Besides, lots of optical parameters such as effective area, V-Parameter, spot-size along beam divergence have been calculated over the wide wavelength region. The achieved result indicates the various applications suitability of Antiresonant Hollow-Core Fiber (ARHCF) as a tuberculosis sensor.

scholarly journals Design of Honeycomb Shaped Spectroscopy based Biosensor for the Detection of Tuberculosis Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarunnum Parvin ◽  
M S Zobaer ◽  
Kawsar Ahmed ◽  
Francis Minhthang Bui ◽  
Sumaiya Akhtar Mitu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hexagonal Lattice ◽  
Numerical Aperture ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Spot Size ◽  
Confinement Loss ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Circular Shape ◽  
Vector Finite Element ◽  
Background Material

Abstract A novel compact honeycomb spectroscopic-based PCF sensor for the detection of tuberculosis cells is proposed. A circular shape core area and tightly bound hexagonal shape air holes in the cladding area are designed for the suggested structure that exhibits ultra-high sensitivity up to 99.99% and very low loss of order 10-11 dB/m. The optical parameters such as effective area (Aeff), V-parameter or normalized frequency (Veff), spot- size (Weff), numerical aperture, along quality factor of beam have been exhibited and numerically observed. The wavelength operating region is specified as 1.2 μm to 2.5 μm. The guiding properties of this suggested tuberculosis sensor is computed with the full vector finite element method (FV-FEM) in the environment of COMSOL Multiphysics (Version5.3) for the calculation of numerical analysis. Circular shape perfectly matched layer (PML) and hexagonal lattice PCF sensor using silica as a background material is successfully designed to increase the sensitivity response compare to the prior works. Moreover, during the entire operating wavelength presented sensor achieves a single modality. With excellent sensitivity response and very low confinement loss, this proposed sensor doubtfully proves its prominent role to detect tuberculosis cells.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Measurement of Temperature and Refractive Index Using High Temperature Resistant Pure Quartz Grating Based on Femtosecond Laser and HF Etching

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1028
Author(s):  
Na Zhao ◽  
Qijing Lin ◽  
Kun Yao ◽  
Fuzheng Zhang ◽  
Bian Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Refractive Index Sensor ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Fluid Analysis

The optical fiber temperature and refractive index sensor combined with the hollow needle structure for medical treatment can promote the standardization of traditional acupuncture techniques and improve the accuracy of body fluid analysis. A double-parameter sensor based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is developed in this paper. The sensor materials are selected through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and the sensor sensing principle is theoretically analyzed and simulated. Through femtosecond laser writing pure silica fiber, a high temperature resistant wavelength type FBG temperature sensor is obtained, and the FBG is corroded by hydrofluoric acid (HF) to realize a high-sensitivity intensity-type refractive index sensor. Because the light has dual characteristics of energy and wavelength, the sensor can realize simultaneous dual-parameter sensing. The light from the lead-in optical fiber is transmitted to the sensor and affected by temperature and refractive-index; then, the reflection peak is reflected back to the lead-out fiber by the FBG. The high temperature response and the refractive index response of the sensor were measured in the laboratory, and the high temperature characteristics of the sensor were verified in the accredited institute. It is demonstrated that the proposed sensor can achieve temperature sensing up to 1150 °C with the sensitivity of 0.0134 nm/°C, and refractive sensing over a refractive range of 1.333 to 1.4027 with the sensitivity of −49.044 dBm/RIU. The sensor features the advantages of two-parameter measurement, compact structure, and wide temperature range, and it exhibits great potential in acupuncture treatment.

scholarly journals High Sensitivity of Surface Plasmon Enhanced Refractive Index Sensor Based on Tunable Liquid Core Photonic Crystal Fiber Covered with Four Gold-Films

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenkai Fan ◽  
Jianye Qin ◽  
Shichao Chu ◽  
Junling Gao
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
Surface Plasmon ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Liquid Core ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Confinement Loss ◽  
Refractive Index Sensor ◽  
Crystal Fiber

Abstract A high sensitivity near-infrared photonic crystal fiber (PCF) refractive index sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is proposed in this paper. The sensing performance of the PCF refractive index sensor is calculated and analyzed by using the finite element method (FEM). The coated metal material selects for chemically stable gold, which is used to induce SPR. The resonant coupling will occurs when the phase matching condition is met between the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) mode and the fundamental mode. The influence of the diameter of the central hole and the thickness of the gold film on the resonance wavelength and the confinement loss was studied. Numerical results demonstrate that the average sensitivity of the sensor can reach to 3200nm/RIU, which can be used in the field of refractive index detecting.

An Intensity Demodulated Refractive Index Sensor Based on A Hollow-Core Anti-Resonant Fiber

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shidi Liu ◽  
Tianyu Yang ◽  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Ming Tian ◽  
Yuming Dong
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Refractive Index Sensor ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Demodulation Method ◽  
High Absorption

Abstract A robust and simple mid-infrared hollow-core anti-resonant fiber (ARF) based refractive index (RI) sensor with an intensity demodulation method is presented and analyzed for monitoring liquid analytes. The ARF allows liquid analytes to flow through its hollow area for detection. To obtain ideal sensing performance, an epsilon negative (ENG) material is introduced into the selected anti-resonant tube. With the high absorption of the ENG material, only one fundamental mode is available for detection and is sensitive to the RI variation of analytes. Moreover, the effects of structural parameters on the sensing performances are discussed and analyzed to further understand the mechanism and optimization. The final result shows that the ARF sensor can exhibit a high sensitivity of -372.58 dB/RIU at a fixed wavelength within a broad RI range from 1.33 to 1.45, which covers most liquid analytes. It is a promising candidate for chemical and environmental analysis. Additionally, it has the potential for deep research to feed diverse applications.

Hollow core photonic crystal fiber for chemicals sensing in liquid analytes: Design and analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (28) ◽  
pp. 2050259
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rakibul Islam ◽  
Farhana Akter Mou ◽  
Md. Moshiur Rahman ◽  
Mohammed Imamul Hassan Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Sensor ◽  
Nonlinear Coefficient ◽  
Numerical Aperture ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Spot Size ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Crystal Fiber

In this paper, a hollow core photonic crystal fiber (PCF)-based THz chemicals sensor has been presented. Hexagonal shaped hollow core and symmetrical hexagonal air lattices have been used in the cladding section to construct the PCF geometry. The developed PCF-based chemical sensor yields high performance in ethanol, methanol, water and benzene detection in targeted liquid samples in the THz regime, which is nearly 99% at 3 THz. Additionally, it reveals very negligible losses in both polarization modes. In addition, it renders significant improvement in different sensing properties like effective area, effective refractive index, numerical aperture (NA), nonlinear coefficient, spot size and beam divergences because of strategic geometrical arrangements. The performance of the proposed PCF sensor is numerically investigated and designed by COMSOL software v.5.3a. Fabrication feasibility of developed geometry is also stated here.

scholarly journals Dual-Core Fiber-Based Interferometer for Detection of Gas Refractive Index

Photonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Haijin Chen ◽  
Xuehao Hu ◽  
Meifan He ◽  
Qianqing Yu ◽  
Zhenggang Lian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Narrow Slit ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Fiber Sensors ◽  
Air Core ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Core Fiber ◽  
Dual Core

We demonstrate a dual-core fiber-based Mach–Zehnder interferometer that could be used for precise detection of variations in refractive indices of gaseous samples. The fiber used here have a solid germanium-doped silica core and an air core that allows gases to flow through. Coherent laser beams are coupled to the two cores, respectively, and thus excite guiding modes thereby. Interferogram would be produced as the light transmitted from the dual cores interferes. Variations in refractive index of the hollow core lead to variations in phase difference between the modes in the two cores, thus shifting the interference fringes. The fringe shifts can be then interrogated by a photodiode together with a narrow slit in front. The resolution of the sensor was found to be ~1 × 10−8 RIU, that is comparable to the highest resolution obtained by other fiber sensors reported in previous literatures. Other advantages of our sensor include very low cost, high sensitivity, straightforward sensing mechanism, and ease of fabrication.

scholarly journals Analytical Formulas for Dispersion and Effective Area in Hollow-Core Tube Lattice Fibers

Fibers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Rosa ◽  
Federico Melli ◽  
Luca Vincetti
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Mode ◽  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Group Velocity Dispersion ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Confinement Loss ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Core Mode ◽  
Core Tube ◽  
Analytical Formulas

In this work, we propose analytical formulas for the estimation of dispersion properties and effective area of the fundamental mode of hollow-core inhibited coupling fibers with a microstructured cladding composed by a ring of dielectric tubes. The formulas are based on a model which has already been successfully applied to the estimation of confinement loss. The model takes into account the effects of the coupling of the fundamental core mode with the cladding modes in the context of the single-tube approximation. Effective index, group velocity dispersion, and effective area of the fundamental mode are estimated and compared with the results obtained from numerical simulations, by considering ten different fibers. The comparison shows a good accuracy of the proposed formulas, which do not require any tuning of fitting parameters. On the basis of the analysis carried out, a scaling law relating the effective area to the core radius is also given. Finally, the formulas give a good estimation of the same parameters of other Hollow-core inhibited coupling fibers, such as nested, ice-cream, and kagome fibers.

Photonics Crystal Fiber-based Cyanide detection in THz regime

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himadri Shekhar Mondal ◽  
Abdullah Al-Mamun Bulbul ◽  
Md. Ekhlasur Rahaman ◽  
Md. Bellal Hossain ◽  
Etu Podder
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Base Material ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Frequency Region ◽  
Confinement Loss ◽  
Model Structure ◽  
Crystal Fiber ◽  
Proposed Model

Background: Cyanide is an immensely poisonous chemical that is exceedingly noxious to the human body. Methods: Considering this issue, we present a Rectangular core photonic crystal fiber (RPCF) to detect the cyanide. Zeonex is chosen as base material and the investigation is accomplished in the terahertz (THz) frequency region. Results: RPCF model proffers high sensitivity, enlarged effective area, and insignificant confinement loss. Conclusion: It is very worthy to note that the proposed model structure can be fabricated by applying the existing fabrication techniques

scholarly journals A Novel Ultra-Low Loss Rectangle-Based Porous-Core PCF for Efficient THz Waveguidance: Design and Numerical Analysis

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 6500
Author(s):  
Abdullah Al-Mamun Bulbul ◽  
Farjana Imam ◽  
Md. Abdul Awal ◽  
M. A. Parvez Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Numerical Aperture ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Confinement Loss ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Crystal Fiber ◽  
Porous Core ◽  
Standard Values

A novel, rectangle-based, porous-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) has been modeled for the efficient propagation of a THz wave. The performance of the anticipated model has been assessed using the finite element method (FEM) in the range of 0.5–1.5 THz. Both the fiber core and cladding are modeled with rectangular air holes. Numerical analysis for this model reveals that the model has a lower amount of dispersion of about 0.3251 ps/THz/cm at 1.3 THz. Compared to the other THz waveguides, the model offers an ultra-lower effective material loss of 0.0039 cm−1 at the same frequency. The confinement loss is also lower for this model. Moreover, this model has a high-power fraction of about 64.90% at the core in the x-polarization mode. However, the effective area, birefringence, and numerical aperture have also been evaluated for this model. Maintenance of standard values for all the optical parameters suggests that the proposed PCF can efficiently be applied in multichannel communication and several domains of the THz technology.

scholarly journals Geometrical Scaling of Antiresonant Hollow-Core Fibers for Mid-Infrared Beam Delivery

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
Ang Deng ◽  
Wonkeun Chang
Keyword(s):  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Transmission Band ◽  
Confinement Loss ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Core Size ◽  
Core Diameter ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
The Core ◽  
Tubular Type ◽  
Beam Delivery

We numerically investigate the effect of scaling two key structural parameters in antiresonant hollow-core fibers—dielectric wall thickness of the cladding elements and core size—in view of low-loss mid-infrared beam delivery. We demonstrate that there exists an additional resonance-like loss peak in the long-wavelength limit of the first transmission band in antiresonant hollow-core fibers. We also find that the confinement loss in tubular-type hollow-core fibers depends strongly on the core size, where the degree of the dependence varies with the cladding tube size. The loss scales with the core diameter to the power of approximately −5.4 for commonly used tubular-type hollow-core fiber designs.

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