The effect of fermentation without or with lactic acid bacteria and storage time on the phytic acid, in vitro dry matter digestibility, and nutrient contents of rice bran

We have developed a method to quantify the resistance to freezing and frozen storage of lactic acid starters, based on measuring the time necessary to reach the maximum acidification rate in milk (tm) using the Cinac system. Depending on the operating conditions, tm increased during the freezing step and storage. The loss of acidification activity during freezing was quantified by the difference (Δtm) between the tm values of the concentrated cell suspension before and after freezing. During storage at −20 °C, linear relationships between tm and the storage time were established. Their slope, k, allowed the quantitation of the decrease in acidification activity during 9–14 weeks of frozen storage. The method was applied to determine the resistance to freezing and frozen storage of four strains of lactic acid bacteria and to quantify the cryoprotective effect of glycerol.

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Pengaruh Imbangan Jerami Padi, Dedak Padi dan Onggok Terfermentasi terhadap Kecernaan dan Produk Fermentasi Rumen Secara In Vitro

Jurnal Agripet ◽

10.17969/agripet.v10i2.646 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 59-63

Author(s):

S.N.O. Suwandyastuti ◽

Efka Aris Rimbawanto ◽

Ning Iriyanti

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Rice Bran ◽

Volatile Fatty Acid ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Industrial Wastes ◽

Optimal Ratio ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility

The influence of the ratio of fermented rice straw, rice bran and cassava solid waste upon the In vitro digestibility and rumen fermentation productABSTRACT. Chemical and physical treatments have been attempted to improve the utilization of agro industrial wastes, but the result is not efficient and caused pollution. Besides, biological treatments using the microbes have been used to improve the nutritive value and utilization of agro industrial wastes. The current experiment was conducted to find out the optimal ratio of fermented rice straw, fermented rice bran and fermented tapioca waste. There were five kinds of ratio of fermented rice straw, fermented rice bran and fermented tapioca waste, namely: K1 (70% fermented rice straw + 15% fermented rice bran + fermented tapioca waste), K2 (60% fermented rice straw + 20% fermented rice bran + 20% fermented tapioca waste), K3 (50% fermented rice straw + 25% fermented rice bran + 25% fermented tapioca waste), K4 (40% fermented rice straw + 30% fermented rice bran + 30% fermented tapioca waste) and K5 (30% fermented rice straw + 35% fermented rice bran + 35% fermented tapioca waste) An in vitro technique, using completely Randomize Block Design was applied and each treatment was repeated four times. Variables measured were Dry matter and Organic matter digestibility and rumen fermentation products (volatile fatty acid and N-NH3 concentration). The dry matter digestibility of K1, K2, K3, k4 and K5 was 29.39, 31.27, 32.33, 33.71 and 34.82%, respectively. The organic matter digestibility of K1, K2, K3, K4 and 5 was 30.82, 31.27, 32.73, 34.94, and 34.92, respectively. Volatile fatty acid concentrations of K1, K2, K3, K4 and K5 were 95.19, 91.77, 87.21, 104.31, 106.59 mM/l, respectively. N-NH3 concentrations of K1, K2, K3, K4 and K5 were 0.97, 0.93, 0.93, 1.00, 1.04 mM/l, respectively. Significant difference (P0.01) was only found in dry matter digestibility among treatments, while others variables were not significantly different among treatments. It was indicated that the optimal ratio was K4.

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In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Degradability of Rice Husk on Rice Bran Substitution

ANNALES BOGORIENSES ◽

10.14203/ann.bogor.2020.v24.n1.50-58 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 50

Author(s):

Rusli Fidriyanto ◽

Roni Ridwan ◽

Wulansih Dwi Astuti ◽

Rohmatussolihat Rohmatussolihat ◽

Nurul Fitri Sari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Rice Bran ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Acid Level ◽

Gas Production ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Fatty Acid Production ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility

Rice bran is a by-product of the rice milling process and has been well used as livestock feed. Rice bran is often adulterated with rice husk. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics of rice bran with various compositions of rice husk and assess the relationship between rice husk addition and rice bran quality. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with rice husk addition as a factor and three replications. Data of proximate value, gas production, ruminal degradability, and volatile fatty acid production were analyzed by analysis of variance. Moreover, significant effects of each treatment in the in vitro fermentation were further analyzed by Duncan's multiple range test (P<0.05). It was shown that the addition of rice husk to rice bran could increase acetic acid level, but it reduced potential gas production, gas production rate, organic matter and dry matter digestibility, and propionic acid level. Interestingly, the linear regression of dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, and potential gas production showed the high adjusted R2 values. Moreover, this study also revealed that 10% of rice husk substitution on rice bran could significantly reduce the dry matter digestibility.

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The Use of Various Substrate Microbial Bamboo Stems for Rice Straw Fermentation and its effect on digestibility and fermentation product of Beef Cattle Ration

Jurnal READ (Research of Empowerment and Development) ◽

10.20884/1.read.2020.1.1.2386 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Chabib B.H ◽

Sri Rahayu ◽

Muhamad Bata

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Beef Cattle ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Rice Bran ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Organic Matter Digestibility

This experiment investigated various substrate growth of bamboo stems microbes (BSM) in rice straw fermentation and its effect on dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), NH3-N and VFA concentration. Materials were rumen fluid of beef cattle from the slaughterhouse. Basal diets consisted of rice straw and concentrate with ratio of 40 : 60 (% dry matter) were administered to five treatments namely P0 = untreated rice straw (control), P1 = Ammoniated rice straw, fermented rice straw using microbial bamboo stems grown on ammoniated rice straw (P2), rice bran (P3) and cassava waste (P4). The experiment used in vitro method was designed with Completely Randomized Design and the data were analyzed variance. The results showed that the treatment had no significant effect on dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), NH3-N and VFA concentration (P>0,05). The fermentation process of microbial bamboo stems in rice straw with a level of 10% with different substrate did not able to increase the digestibility and products fermentation, but there tends that the rice bran and substrates can increase DMD and N-NH3 concentration

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KERCERNAAN IN VITRO BAHAN KERING DAN BAHAN ORGANIK SERTA PROTEIN RANSUM BERBASIS PAKAN FERMENTASI

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Tropis ◽

10.33772/jitro.v2i2.3816 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 70

Author(s):

Aang Baitul Mizan ◽

Andi Murlina Tasse ◽

Deki Zulkarnain

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Rice Bran ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Animal Nutrition ◽

Animal Science ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Randomized Block Design

This study has conducted four weeks in Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Haluoleo University, Kendari. The treatments R0 = rations based feed’s non fermented, R1 = rations based 40% rice bran fermented (RBF), R2 = rations based 45% RBF, R3 = rations based 50% RBF, R4 = rations based 55% RBF, R5 = rations based 60% RBF. The experimental design used a randomized block design (RBD) with 5 treatments and 4 groups. The results showed that dry matter digestibility (DMD) of R1, R2, R5 higher than R0 (94,17%, 90,98%, 91,04% vs 88.60%). In contrast, DMD of R3 and R4 lower than R0 (80,90% and 80,89% vs 88,60%). Organic matter digestibility (OMD) of R0 lower than R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 ( 62,58% vs 90,32%, 90,55%, 90,78%, 91,15% and 90,41%). In contrast, OMD of R4 higher than R1, R2, R3, R5 and R0 (91,41% vs 90,32%, 90,55%, 90,78%, 90,41% and 62,58%). Ammonia (NH3) concentrations of R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 higher than R0 (8,20 mM, 5,40 mM, 8,67 mM, 7,22 mM and 7,42 mM vs 3,20 mM). The conclusion of this study was FBR based 40%, 45%, 50%, 55% and 60% RBF feasible to ruminant’s feed.Keywords : Feed’s Fermented, Digestibility, Dry Matter, Organic Matter, Ammonia.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kelayakan penggunaan ransum berbasis pakan fermentasi untuk ternak ruminansia berdasarkan kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan orgaik serta protein secara In Vitro. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama empat minggu di Laboratorium Ilmu Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Haluoleo, Kendari. Perlakuan yang dicobakan adalah R0= ransum berbasis pakan non fermentasi (kontrol), R1= ransum berbasis dedak padi fermentasi 40%, R2= ransum berbasis dedak padi fermentasi 45%, R3= ransum berbasis dedak padi fermentasi 50%, R4= ransum berbasis dedak padi fermentasi 55%, R5= ransum berbasis dedak padi fermentasi 60%. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 kelompok. Hasil analisis ragam menunjukkan kecernaan bahan kering ransum berbasi dedak padi fermentasi 40%, 45%, dan 60% lebih tinggi dibanding dengan ransum berbasis pakan non fermentasi (94,17%; 90,98% dan 91,04% dibanding dengan 88,60%). Sebaliknya, ransum berbasis dedak padi fermentasi 50% dan 55% lebih rendah dibanding dengan ransum berbasis pakan non fermentasi (80,90% dan 80,89% dibanding dengan 88,60%). Kecernaan bahan organik ransum berbasis pakan non fermentasi lebih rendah dibanding dengan ransum berbasis dedak padi fermentasi 40%, 45%, 50%, 55% dan 60% (62,58 % dibanding dengan 90,32 %, 90,55 %, 90,78 %, 91,15 % dan 90,41 % ). Sebaliknya kecernaan bahan organik ransum berbasis dedak padi fermentasi 55% lebih tinggi dibanding dengan ransum berbasis dedak padi fermentasi 40%, 45%, 50%, 60% dan kontrol (91,41% dibanding dengan 90,32%, 90,55%, 90,78%, 90,41% dan 62,58%). Konsentrasi amonia ransum berbasis dedak padi fermentasi 40%, 45%, 50%, 55% dan 60% lebih tinggi dibanding dengan ransum berbasis pakan non fermentasi (8,20 mM, 5,40 mM, 8,67 mM, 7,22 mM dan 7,42 mM dibanding dengan 3,20 mM). Kesimpulan bahwa ransum berbasis dedak padi fermentasi 40% hingga 60% layak digunakan untuk pakan ternak ruminansia.Kata kunci: Pakan Fermentasi, Kecernaan Bahan Kering, Kecernaan Bahan Organik, Amonia.

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Response of common silage corn hybrids to inoculant application: fermentation profile, carbohydrate fractions, and digestibility during ensiling

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an16840 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 (9) ◽

pp. 1696

Author(s):

Marija Duvnjak ◽

Kristina Kljak ◽

Darko Grbeša

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Stable Phase ◽

Corn Hybrids ◽

Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Fermentation Profile ◽

Silage Quality

Corn silage digestibility studies have focussed on genetically distant corn types. Conversely, silage additive studies monitored fermentation differences without discussing the subject of hybrid digestibility. How ensiling phases and additives affect silage quality in commercial corn hybrids has not been properly examined yet. As corn silage quality is a result of combined silage fermentation and digestibility characteristics, the aim of the study was to examine fermentation and digestibility responses to inoculant application in whole-plant corn silage of commercial hybrids intended for silage production in several time points during ensiling. Three corn hybrids grown under identical conditions in a split-plot field test were ensiled without inoculant application and with inoculant containing lactic acid bacteria and carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. Silages were sampled before ensiling, at the peak of the fermentation phase and during the stable phase. The fermentation profile, carbohydrate fraction, ruminal in vitro true dry matter digestibility, ruminal in vitro starch digestibility, and ruminal in vitro neutral detergent fibre digestibility were monitored. Although adding inoculant to silage improved its lactic acid production and decrease in pH, it did not affect its starch and fibre contents or their digestibility. Digestibility improved as ensiling continued, with the highest in vitro neutral detergent fibre digestibility and in vitro true dry matter digestibility values observed in the stable phase. Corn hybrids in this study differed in main fermentation characteristics, carbohydrate contents, and digestibility. These results suggest that even for commercial corn hybrids, the hybrid type is more important than inoculant for optimising silage characteristics and digestibility.

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In vitro ruminal dry matter digestibility and methane production of fermented total mixed ration containing whole-crop rice and rice bran

Grassland Science ◽

10.1111/j.1744-697x.2012.00254.x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 133-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yang Cao ◽

Toshiyoshi Takahashi ◽

Ken-ichi Horiguchi ◽

Norio Yoshida ◽

Daowei Zhou

Keyword(s):

Rice Bran ◽

Methane Production ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Total Mixed Ration ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility

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Manipulation of Rice Straw Silage Fermentation with Different Types of Lactic Acid Bacteria Inoculant Affects Rumen Microbial Fermentation Characteristics and Methane Production

Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.3390/vetsci8060100 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 100

Author(s):

Ehsan Oskoueian ◽

Mohammad Faseleh Jahromi ◽

Saeid Jafari ◽

Majid Shakeri ◽

Hieu Huu Le ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Methane Production ◽

Dry Matter ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Microbial Populations ◽

Different Types ◽

Silage Quality

Bacterial inoculants are known to improve the quality of silage. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effects of different types of lactic acid bacteria (LAB; L. plantarum, L. salivarius, L. reuteri, L. brevi, and S. bovis) inoculation (106 cfu/ DM) on rice straw silage quality and to determine these effects on ruminal fermentation characteristics, digestibility and microbial populations in an in vitro condition. Inoculated rice straw was ensiled for 15 and 30 days. For the in vitro study, rumen fluid was obtained from three rumen-fistulated bulls fed on mixed forage and concentrate at 60:40 ratio twice daily. Inoculation with LAB improved (p < 0.05) the rice straw silage quality as indicated by higher dry matter and crude protein contents, decreased pH and butyric acid, and increased propionic acid and LAB numbers, especially after 30 days of ensiling. Results from the in vitro study revealed that starting with the addition of LAB to rice straw silage improved in vitro fermentation characteristics such as increased total volatile fatty acids and dry matter digestibility (p < 0.05). LAB treatments also decreased methane production and methane/total gas ratio after 15 and 30 days of ensiling. From the rumen microbial population perspective, cellulolytic, and fungal zoospores were enhanced, while protozoa and methanogens were decreased by the LAB treatments. Based on these results, it could be concluded that inoculating rice straw silage with LAB (especially for L. plantarum and S. bovis) improved silage quality, rumen fermentation parameters and microbial populations in vitro.

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Using Lactic Acid Bacteria as Silage Inoculants or Direct-Fed Microbials to Improve In Vitro Degradability and Reduce Methane Emissions in Dairy Cows

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10101482 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1482

Author(s):

Nguyen Thi Huyen ◽

Ines Martinez ◽

Wilbert Pellikaan

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Gas Production ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Ch4 Production ◽

Silage Quality ◽

Silage Inoculants ◽

Silage Inoculant

The current study has two objectives: (1) To determine the effect of different lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains’ inoculant on silage quality of fresh ryegrass (FR) and rain-treated ryegrass (RTR), and (2) to find the optimal way (silage inoculant vs. direct-fed microbial (DFM)) to use LAB strains in order to improve nutrient digestibility and reduce methane emission (CH4) in ruminant production. Five LAB strains were tested, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum AGR-1, L. plantarum AGR-2, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis AGR-3, L. lactis subsp. lactis AGR-4 and L. lactis subsp. lactis AGR-5. Each LAB strain was inoculated at 106 cfu/g fresh weight into the FR and the RTR and ensiled for 60 days. After ensiling, the effect of LAB strains included as a DFM or silage inoculant on rumen digestibility and CH4 production were measured using an in vitro gas production system with three separate runs. The in vitro experiment consisted of 24 treatments (2 grasses (FR and RTR) × 2 ways (inoculant or DFM) × 6 strains (5 LAB strains + 1 Control)). The results indicated that the LAB strains’ inoculant treatments reduced (p < 0.0001) the dry matter (DM) losses, the NH3 concentration (p < 0.0001) and the pH (p = 0.0019) upon ensiling in both the FR and the RTR. The lowest values in dry matter (DM) loss and NH3 concentration were found in the L. plantarum (AGR-2) and L. lactis (AGR-5). The in vitro CH4 production was lower for silages inoculated with L. plantarum (AGR-1, p = 0.0054), L. lactis (AGR-4, p = 0.026), L. lactis (AGR-5, p = 0.029) and L. plantarum (AGR-2, p = 0.090), compared to the control. Methane production was lower (p = 0.0027) for LABs when used as silage inoculants, compared to being used as DFM. Lactic acid bacteria used as silage inoculants increased (p ≤ 0.0001) the in vitro DM and organic matter (OM) degradability both in the FR and the RTR, whereas LAB strains used as DFM showed no such effect. The DM and OM digestibility were highest in the L. plantarum (AGR-1, p = 0.0175). Among the five LAB strains used in the current study, L. plantarum (AGR-2) was the best candidate to improve silage quality. Our observations suggest that these LAB strains are most promising when used as silage inoculants and to be confirmed in vivo.

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