scholarly journals Self- concentrated mass-transfer during deformation treatments of organic-inorganic compositions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2056 (1) ◽  
pp. 012039
Author(s):  
I S Tsebruk ◽  
A P Pokidov ◽  
V V Kedrov ◽  
N V Klassen

Abstract This paper prolongs the series of our previous papers where we found super-fast and super-deep introduction of foreign substances in crystalline materials by means of the ball rolling. A set of new experimental results was used to justify the new version of the mechanism of this introduction with the record speed and depth. The main process which determines this phenomena is connected with the sequence of openings and closings of nanocracks at the surface subjected to the rolling and the capture of the substance introduced from the surface by these cracks. The process of this introduction with the record parameters is supported by the intense chemical interactions between the matrix and the substance being introduced. This chemical interaction is intensified by several times with the deformation treatments. The analogous super-fast mass transfer is observed in the situation of the pulling out of the polystyrene fibers from the solution of polystyrene in benzene when the interaction of the organic components with cesium iodide nanoparticles was activated by the deformation treatment of the solution during its pulling out resulting in the formation of big amounts of nano-channels promising for effective utilization of hazardous radioactive wastes.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Fusseis ◽  
Craig Allsop

<p>Shear zones are important conduits that facilitate the bidirectional migration of fluids and dissolved solids across the middle crust. It is a relatively recent revelation that mylonitic deformation in such shear zones can result in the formation of synkinematic pores that are potentially utilised in long-range fluid migration. The pores definitely influence a shear zone’s hydraulic transport properties on the grain scale, facilitating synkinematic fluid-rock interactions and mass transfer. Our understanding of how exactly various forms of synkinematic porosity integrate with the kinematics and dynamics of shear zones is still growing. Here we show a previously undescribed form of synkinematic porosity in an unweathered, greenschist-facies psammitic ultramylonite from the Cap de Creus Northern Shear Belt (Spain). The sizeable, open pores with volumes > 50k µm3 appear exclusively next to albitic feldspar porphyroclasts, which themselves float in a fine-grained, polymineralic ultramylonitic matrix that likely deformed by grain size-sensitive creep and viscous grain boundary sliding. The pores wrap around their host clasts, occupying asymmetric strain shadows and tailing off into the mylonitic foliation. A detailed analysis using high-resolution backscatter electron imaging and non-invasive synchrotron-based x-ray microtomography confirms that the pores are isolated from each other. We found no evidence for weathering of the samples, or any significant post-mylonitic overprint, unequivocally supporting a synkinematic origin of the pores. </p><p>We propose that this strain shadow porosity formed through the rotations of the Ab porphyroclasts, which was governed by the clasts’ shapes and elongation. The ultramylonitic matrix was critical in enabling the formation of pores in the clast’s strain shadows. In the matrix, the individual grains were displaced mostly parallel to the shear direction. As a consequence of clast rotation it can be expected that, in the strain shadows, matrix grains followed diverging movement vectors. As a result, phase boundaries in the YZ plane experienced tensile forces, leading to the opening of pores. We infer that this tensile decoupling among matrix grains established a hydraulic gradient that drained the matrix locally and filled the pores with fluid. The fact that the strain shadow pores remained open in our samples suggests a chemical equilibrium with the fluid. Pore shape and volume will have been subject to continuous modification during ongoing matrix deformation and clast rotation.</p><p>This form of synkinematic porosity constitutes a puzzling, yet obvious way to maintain surprisingly large pores in ultramylonites whose transport properties are otherwise likely determined by creep cavitation and the granular fluid pump (Fusseis et al., 2009). We envisage that the strain shadow megapores worked in sync with the granular fluid pump in the ultramylonitic matrix and, while the overall porosity of ultramylonites may be small, locally, substantial fluid reservoirs were available to service fluid-rock interaction and fluid-mediated mass transfer. Our findings add another puzzle piece to our evolving understanding of synkinematic transport properties of mid-crustal ultramylonites and fluid-rock interaction in shear zones at the brittle-to-ductile transition.</p>


1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jones ◽  
C. J. Kiely ◽  
S. S. Wang

Using TEM, Auger spectroscopy, EDX, and convergent beam electron diffraction, a thorough characterization of the interphase region between SCS6 fibers and Ti–6Al–4V matrix in a metal matrix composite has been performed. The interphase region is shown to be very complex, consisting of numerous layers of varying compositions and thicknesses. The chemical interaction of the fiber and matrix results in a 0.5–1.5 μm thick TiC layer. Evidence for the existence of a Tix Siy (C) layer is also presented. The SCS6 overlayer on the fibers has inhibited any chemical interaction between the matrix and the SiC filament itself, 60% of the interphase region originating from the SCS6 protective coating. In situ fracture experiments (in an Auger spectrometer) reveal that fracture takes place between the TiC and an amorphous carbon layer.


Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1791
Author(s):  
Young Hee Geum ◽  
Arjun Kumar Rathie ◽  
Hwajoon Kim

In this paper, we consider the matrix expression of convolution, and its generalized continuous form. The matrix expression of convolution is effectively applied in convolutional neural networks, and in this study, we correlate the concept of convolution in mathematics to that in convolutional neural network. Of course, convolution is a main process of deep learning, the learning method of deep neural networks, as a core technology. In addition to this, the generalized continuous form of convolution has been expressed as a new variant of Laplace-type transform that, encompasses almost all existing integral transforms. Finally, we would, in this paper, like to describe the theoretical contents as detailed as possible so that the paper may be self-contained.


2013 ◽  
Vol 586 ◽  
pp. 194-197
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Majer ◽  
Luboš Náhlík

In this paper a particulate composites with polypropylene matrix and rigid mineral fillers are studied. The polymer particulate composites are frequently used in many engineering applications. Due to the physical and chemical interaction between matrix and particles a third phase (generally called interphase) is formed. The composite is modeled as a three-phase continuum. The properties of particles and interphase have a significant effect on the global behavior of the composite. On the basis of fracture mechanics methodology the interaction of micro-crack propagation in the matrix filled by rigid particles covered by the very soft interphase is analyzed. The effect of the composite structure on their mechanical properties is studied here from the theoretical point of view. The properties of particles and matrix were determined experimentally. Conclusions of this paper can contribute to a better understanding of the behavior of micro-crack in polymer particulate composites with respect to interphase.


2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Papadimitriou ◽  
George Z. Papageorgiou ◽  
Feras I. Kanaze ◽  
Manolis Georgarakis ◽  
Dimitrios N. Bikiaris

Biocompatible poly(propylene-co-butylene succinate) (PPBSu) copolyesters, containing up to 50 mol% butylene succinate units, were synthesized by the two-stage melt polycondensation method (esterification and polycondensation). The copolymers were fully characterized and biocompatibility studies were also performed. They were proved to be biocompatible and they were used as polymer matrices for the preparation of drug loaded nanoparticles. Nimodipine was selected as a model hydrophobic poorly water soluble drug. From the results obtained by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), drug loaded copolymer nanoparticles were found to exhibit a spherical shape and their mean diameter appeared in the range of 180–200 nm. Fourier Transformation-Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra indicated that no chemical interaction between the drug and the matrix could be justified, while Wide-Angle X-Ray Diffraction (WAXD) patterns proved a low degree of crystallinity of Nimodipine in the nanoparticles. The release behavior of the model drug from nanoparticles was also investigated in order to identify modifications and find out any possible correlation between the chemical composition of the polymer matrix and the drug release rates.


Author(s):  
Лилия Александровна Пасечник ◽  
Ирина Сергеевна Медянкина ◽  
Светлана Александровна Бибанаева ◽  
Сергей Павлович Яценко

Предложены методы модификации красных шламов (КШ) обработкой соляной кислотой и карбонизацией с получением сорбционных материалов, пригодных для извлечения металлов из кислых растворов. Модификация КШ карбонизацией способствует увеличению площади и объема пор в карбонизированном шламе (КШК), что привело к более высокой сорбционной емкости до 246 мг Cu /г, при одновременной нейтрализации сернокислого медьсодержащего раствора с 1,5 до 4,5 единиц pH . Кислотная обработка приводит к меньшим положительным эффектам по извлечению меди. Кинетика сорбции описывается уравнениями как псевдо-первого порядка ( R > 0,96 ), так и псевдо-второго ( R > 0,98), определяя равнозначные вклады в общую скорость процесса стадий массопереноса и взаимодействия ионов. При изучении механизма установлено, что поверхностные диффузионные процессы на границе «твердое - жидкое» переходят в массоперенос ионов Cu и химическое взаимодействие с функциональными группами на поверхности и внутри частиц модифицированных шламов. Для исходного шлама эти процессы практически эквивалентны. Десорбция меди водой и раствором этилендиаминтетрауксусной кислотой (ЭДТА) показала, что прочность связей в структуре КШК- Cu и устойчивость поверхностных тройных комплексов Cu -ЭДТА-КШК оказывается выше, чем Cu -ЭДТА-КШ. Показана перспектива создания сорбционных материалов на основе промышленных отходов, в частности щелочных красных шламов, и их применение для поглощения токсичных металлов из кислых сточных вод с взаимной нейтрализацией и утилизацией разных видов техногенных отходов металлургических производств -твердых, газообразных и жидких. Methods for modification red mud (RM) by treatment with hydrochloric acid and by carbonization to obtain sorption materials for extracting metals from acidic solutions are proposed. Modification of the RM by carbonation increases the area and volume of pores in the carbonized red mud (CRM), that leads to a higher sorption capacity up to 246 mg/g with simultaneously neutralization of the copper solution from 1,5 to 4,5 pH . The acid treatment leads to less positive effects on the extraction of copper. The sorption kinetics is described by both pseudo-first-order (R >0 ,96) and pseudo-second-order (R > 0,98) equations, which determine the equivalent contributions to the overall speed of the process of the mass transfer and the ion interaction stages. A mechanism was studied and it was found that surface diffusion processes at the «solid-liquid» interface turn into the mass transfer of Cu ions and chemical interaction with functional groups on the surface and inside the particles of modified muds. For the initial mud, these processes are almost equivalent. Desorption of copper with water and a solution of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) has shown that the strength of bonds in the structure of CRM- Cu and the stability of surface triple complexes Cu -EDTA-CRM are higher than for Cu -EDTA-RM. The potential have been demonstrated of creating sorption materials by used industrial waste, in particular alkaline red slurries, and their applications for the absorption of toxic metals from acidic wastewater for mutual neutralization and utilization of industrial waste from metallurgical industries - solid, gaseous and liquid.


1979 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Holmberg

Simultaneous heat and mass transfer in periodic-flow heat and mass exchangers, or regenerators, with hygroscopic matrix materials has been analyzed. The coupled heat and mass transfer equations are derived for boundary-layer controlled heat and mass transfer and include longitudinal heat conduction in the matrix. A numerical method of the finite-difference type is applied to the steady-state performance. Results for a water vapor-air mixture show the influence of matrix heat and moisture capacities on temperature and humidity efficiencies. Distributions of air temperature, air humidity, matrix temperature and adsorbent moisture content are calculated in drying as well as recovery operations.


2007 ◽  
Vol 261-262 ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya. Matychak ◽  
V. Fedirko ◽  
A. Prytula ◽  
I. Pohreljuk

This paper deals with the development of a theoretical model for reactive diffusion during new-phase formation when its volume fraction is negligible. A mathematical analysis of this physical model is carried out and an equation for mass balance at the interface is derived. The latter includes a correlation between the transport flux of nitrogen to the surface (J1) followed by both diffusion dissolution (Jdiff) and segregation at the defects due to chemical interaction with metal atoms (JR.). The analytical-experimental procedure for the determination of the coefficient of mass transfer which controls the density of the outer flux (J1) is proposed. The effect of temperature and time upon the kinetics of nitriding is estimated. The additive dependences of both the nitrogen concentration in a distant band and the depth of the diffusion zone upon time, temperature and pressure during isothermal exposure are shown. Peculiarities of the nitrogen concentration distribution at the interface, as a function of temperature of isothermal exposure, are found. It is established that, for a given duration of exposure, an increase in temperature does not always tend to increase the concentration of the impurity at the interface. This is caused by a more intense diffusion flow into the matrix. In accordance with the concept of time-independence of the surface concentration during saturation, the diffusion fluxes Jdiff → ∞ with decreasing time (τ→ 0). This artefact is eliminated by an equation, derived here, for a diffusion flux defined using new boundary conditions. The equations for calculating mass increase include the effect of segregation to the surface, which causes a deviation from a parabolic dependence of the mass change.


Author(s):  
In Taek Oh ◽  
Kyung Min Kim ◽  
Dong Hyun Lee ◽  
Jun Su Park ◽  
Hyung Hee Cho

The present investigation provides detailed local heat/mass transfer distribution and pressure drop characteristics in a matrix cooling channel under rotating conditions. The matrix channel has cooling sub-passages with crossing angle of 45 degrees. Detailed heat/mass transfer coefficients are measured using the naphthalene sublimation method. The pressure drops are also measured. The experiments were conducted under various Reynolds numbers (10,000 to 44,000) and rotation numbers (0.0 to 0.8). For the stationary case, the heat transfer characteristics are dominated by turning, impinging and swirling flow which are induced by the matrix channel geometry. Averaged heat/mass transfer coefficients on the leading and trailing surfaces in the stationary channel are approximately 2.1 times higher than those in a smooth channel. For the rotating cases, the effect of rotation on heat/mass transfer characteristics shows different tendency compared to typical rotating channels with radially outward flow. As the rotation number increases, the Sherwood number ratios increase on the leading surface, but changed slightly on the trailing surface. The thermal performance factors increases with increasing rotation numbers due to increased Sherwood number ratios and decreased friction factor ratios.


Author(s):  
S. E. Tarasevich ◽  
A. B. Yakovlev ◽  
A. A. Giniyatullin ◽  
A. V. Shishkin

Results of an experimental research of structure of an adiabatic two-phase (air-to-water) flow in tubes with the twisted tape insert are presented. The basic feature of structure in such channels is that a liquid phase part (and all liquid at the high range of gas qualities) moves in the form of a stream (a cord) on the tape and doesn’t contact to an active heat transfer surface. The device for an intensification of a heat and mass transfer (especially at boiling) in the form of the twisted tape with ribs discretely installed on an angle to a tape axis is offered. Ribs on a tape promote displacement of a liquid from a tape to a tube heat transfer surface. Results of an experimental research of a heat transfer and a hydraulic resistance in tubes with various tape twisting inserts also are presented. Possibility of an effective utilization of the twisted tapes with ribs for an intensification of a heat and mass transfer in tubes is shown.


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