scholarly journals Analysis of critical issues in retrofitting of ICE vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 2070 (1) ◽  
pp. 012151
Author(s):  
Rajlaxmi Darekar ◽  
Neha Gawande ◽  
Vispi Karkaria ◽  
P B Karandikar
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Input Energy ◽  
Replacement Cost ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
Automobile Parts ◽  
Research Cost

Abstract Vehicle population is increasing at an alarming rate causing cities, and towns to suffer air pollution due to inefficient engines. Every year millions of vehicles are being manufactured and scrapped. Disposal or scrapping of vehicles before their useful life is not a good option. All the parts and systems of a vehicle wear out at different rates. By employing this technology of retrofit for the next 10 to 15 years, the owners will be able to contribute to society by decreasing input energy for massive automobile industries. Based on the life span of automobile parts a range of age has been found in this research at which retrofit can be carried out. In this research, cost analysis of vehicles has been carried out which shows a decrease in performance with increased maintenance, repair, and replacement cost. A mathematical model has been created for performance and cost. The minima of this mathematical model are known as retrofit age. It has been shown in this research that the time has come to adopt this technology, due to inadequate recycling of automobile parts, limited processing plants, and limited scraps yard. For this study, Honda Activa 5G, Bajaj pulsar 500, and Maruti Baleno has been considered.

scholarly journals Mathematical model to estimate of the deterioration of wooden poles in contact with soil used in rural areas

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1015-1026
Author(s):  
Julio C. Molina ◽  
Carlito Calil Júnior ◽  
Roberto R. de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Climatological Data ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
Wooden Structures ◽  
Simplified Mathematical Model

In São Paulo State, mainly in rural areas, the utilization of wooden poles is observed for different purposes. In this context, wood in contact with the ground presents faster deterioration, which is generally associated to environmental factors and, especially to the presence of fungi and insects. With the use of mathematical models, the useful life of wooden structures can be predicted by obtaining "climatic indexes" to indicate, comparatively among the areas studied, which have more or less tendency to fungi and insects attacks. In this work, by using climatological data of several cities at São Paulo State, a simplified mathematical model was obtained to measure the aggressiveness of the wood in contact with the soil.

scholarly journals Air pollution: smog and fog in the large cities of Ukraine.

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Rostyslav Sipakov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Chemical Kinetics ◽  
Gaseous Pollutants ◽  
Scattering Process ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Sample Contamination ◽  
Factors Of Influence ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Harmful Substances

The main factors of air pollution in large cities in Ukraine are described in the article and the main factors of smog have been analyzed on the example of Kyiv in the period January - February 2017. For the analysis of sample contamination points in Kyiv, we used a mathematical model of the spread of solid and gaseous pollutants with the main factors of influence on the scattering process of contaminants in the air: heat, turbulence, chemical kinetics, etc. As a result of the simulation it was confirmed that the smog in Kyiv and surroundings was formed as a result of anticyclone and air pollution by harmful substances, soot and etc.

Microbreweries, brewpubs and beerfirms in the Sicilian craft beer industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Alfeo ◽  
Aldo Todaro ◽  
Giuseppina Migliore ◽  
Valeria Borsellino ◽  
Emanuele Schimmenti
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Brewing Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sales Channels ◽  
Craft Beer ◽  
Beer Industry ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Shed Light

Purpose This paper aims to illustrate the organisational and managing models characterising the craft beer producers in Sicily (Southern Italy) and the main issues of the provision of raw materials. Design/methodology/approach A direct survey involving the overall population of 41 craft breweries operating in Sicily in 2016 was carried out. Then 29 questionnaires were collected for exploratory analysis. A hierarchical cluster analysis was also performed out to group companies by similar structural, productive and economic features. Findings The findings of the survey showed a Sicilian craft beer industry characterised by a substantial dependence on the import of malts hops and yeasts and the limited use of local raw materials among brewers. Furthermore, the characteristics of the processing plants and the sales channels appear to influence the diversification of the products and the turnover levels of the Sicilian craft beer producers. Originality/value This is the first study describing the craft brewing industry in Sicily. The findings contribute to enrich the knowledge on the organisational models applied in the craft beer industry. In particular, the findings could contribute to shed light on some critical issues about the provision of raw materials, suggesting possible paths for the successful development of the craft beer industry in the region.

scholarly journals MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF DISPERSIONS OF POWDER EMISSIONS FROM MULTIPLE SOURCES WITH THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL POL 15SM

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
Mihaela Budianu ◽  
Valeriu Nagacevschi ◽  
Matei Macoveanu
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Multiple Point ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Over the last decades, air pollution has become one of the greatest challenges negatively affecting human health and the entire environment, including air, water, soil, vegetation, and urban areas. Lately, special attention has been given to mathematical modelling for diffusion of pollutants in the atmosphere as a particularly effective and efficient method that can be used to study, control and reduce air pollution. The diversity of models developed by different research groups imposed a rigorous understanding of model types in order to apply them correctly according to local or regional problems of air pollution phenomenon. Tus the authors have developed and improved two mathematical models for dispersion of air pollutants. Tis paper presents a case study of dispersion of powders in suspension originating from 14 point sources that correspond to 5 economic agents in the agroindustrial area of Vaslui city using a computer simulation based on the mathematical model Pol 15sm, for multiple point sources of pollution, designed by the authors.

scholarly journals Refinement of a model for evaluating the population exposure in an urban area

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 2335-2375
Author(s):  
J. Soares ◽  
A. Kousa ◽  
J. Kukkonen ◽  
L. Matilainen ◽  
L. Kangas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Exposure Model ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Total Exposure ◽  
Modelling System

Abstract. A mathematical model is presented for the determination of human exposure to ambient air pollution in an urban area; the model is a refined version of a previously developed mathematical model EXPAND (EXposure model for Particulate matter And Nitrogen oxiDes). The model combines predicted concentrations, information on people's activities and location of the population to evaluate the spatial and temporal variation of average exposure of the urban population to ambient air pollution in different microenvironments. The revisions of the modelling system containing the EXPAND model include improvements of the associated urban emission and dispersion modelling system, an improved treatment of the time-use of population, and better treatment for the infiltration coefficients from outdoor to indoor air. The revised model version can also be used for evaluating intake fractions for various pollutants, source categories and population subgroups. We present numerical results on annual spatial concentration, time activity and population exposures to PM2.5 in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area and Helsinki for 2008 and 2009, respectively. Approximately 60% of the total exposure occurred at home, 17% at work, 4% in traffic and 19% in other micro-environments. The population exposure originated from the long range transported background concentrations was responsible for a major fraction, 86%, of the total exposure. The largest local contributors were vehicular emissions (12%) and shipping (2%).

scholarly journals ECONOMIC – MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE OPTIMAL PLACEMENT AND DETERMINATION OF RATIONAL CAPACITIES OF AN ENTERPRISES FOR THE PROCESSING OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASRE (MSW) AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
I.H. Osmanov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Recreation Area

The article considers an economic and mathematical model of optimal placement and determination of rational capacities of enterprises for processing solid household waste (SHW) at the regional level. The economic and mathematical model takes into account: factors that ensure the achievement of economic efficiency; ensuring environmental safety of the environment, the population of cities and towns. Environmental safety of SHW processing plants is of the utmost importance, since Crimea is a resort and recreation area. The role of state bodies in solving these urgent problems for the Crimea is considered.

scholarly journals Energy and Environmental Assessment of Straw Production for Power Generation

2021 ◽  
Vol 228 ◽  
pp. 01010
Author(s):  
Oleg Bazaluk ◽  
Valerii Havrysh ◽  
Vitalii Nitsenko
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Input Energy ◽  
Total Energy Input ◽  
Direct Energy ◽  
Agricultural Tractors

Agricultural residues, including straw, are important energy feedstock for electricity generation. This study aims to develop a model for energy and environmental assessment of straw production, taking into account its life cycle. The proposed mathematical model allows us to distribute input energy (into any crop production) and emit carbon dioxide (during crop production) between grain and straw formation. It takes into account direct energy input (fuels, electricity, etc.), indirect energy input (fertilizer, herbicide, etc.), and energy required in manufacturing agricultural tractors and implements. It has been found that straw formation consumes from 41 to 66 % of the total energy input and CO2 emissions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document