scholarly journals Energy-saving Scheme of 5G Base Station Based on LSTM Neural Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 2083 (3) ◽  
pp. 032026
Author(s):  
Yuxuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Power Saving ◽  
Original Data ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Idle State ◽  
Single Station ◽  
Saving Effect

Abstract As China’s new infrastructure,5G has received national and social attention. 5G promotes economic to grow rapidly. But, the high energy consumption caused by the massive deployment of 5G base stations cannot be ignored. The total annual power consumption is expected to reach 243 billion degrees when the 5G base station is fully built. In the tidal scene, some 5G base station in an idle state still power fully, which causes great power waste. The historical volume of base station business data is used to train LSTM model, and predict the future base station business. When the business is lower than the threshold, the base station will be closed to avoid unnecessary power waste. And the LSTM model prediction results fits the original data ideally. By implementing the power saving strategy, the energy consumption of the base station is reduced by 18.97 %. A single station can save 1174 degrees of electricity yearly. It can be seen that the energy saving effect is remarkable.

scholarly journals Feasibility of CoMP usage in base station switching off during off-peak periods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abid Jan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Power Saving ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Coordinated Multipoint ◽  
Switching Mode ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Equivalent

Existing cellular networks remain operational throughout the year irrespective of traffic. The usage of Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) transmission to provide service in the coverage area of a switched off base station (BS) during off-peak traffic hours has been investigated in this work. The switching off of a BS reduces its energy consumption to zero, however to cover the switched off BS coverage area by neighbouring BS’s, CoMP transmission causes an increase in energy consumption of the neighbouring BS’s. With increasing the number of base stations taking part in CoMP transmission the power consumption of CoMP base stations and site air conditioning unit increases. Results show that the aggressive usage of CoMP is not feasible in most of the twelve switching modes investigated. From the Energy Efficiency Ratio the most energy efficient switching mode is identified. It is then applied to part of a cellular network and the amount of power saving and Carbon Dioxide equivalent (CO2e) is determined. It is found that within a network of 42 cells 7.26% power can be saved by switching off seven base stations during off-peak traffic hours.

scholarly journals Feasibility of CoMP usage in base station switching off during off-peak periods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abid Jan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Power Saving ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Coordinated Multipoint ◽  
Switching Mode ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Equivalent

Existing cellular networks remain operational throughout the year irrespective of traffic. The usage of Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) transmission to provide service in the coverage area of a switched off base station (BS) during off-peak traffic hours has been investigated in this work. The switching off of a BS reduces its energy consumption to zero, however to cover the switched off BS coverage area by neighbouring BS’s, CoMP transmission causes an increase in energy consumption of the neighbouring BS’s. With increasing the number of base stations taking part in CoMP transmission the power consumption of CoMP base stations and site air conditioning unit increases. Results show that the aggressive usage of CoMP is not feasible in most of the twelve switching modes investigated. From the Energy Efficiency Ratio the most energy efficient switching mode is identified. It is then applied to part of a cellular network and the amount of power saving and Carbon Dioxide equivalent (CO2e) is determined. It is found that within a network of 42 cells 7.26% power can be saved by switching off seven base stations during off-peak traffic hours.

scholarly journals Energy Saving Schemes for Scalable Mobile Computing Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Alnoman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Virtual Machines ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Data Rate ◽  
Mobile Users ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Programming Approach ◽  
Network Scalability

With the growing popularity of smart applications that contain computing-intensive tasks, the provision of radio and computing resources with high quality is becoming more and more challenging. Moreover, supporting network scalability is crucial to accommodate the massive numbers of connected devices. In this thesis, we present effective energy saving strategies that consider the utilization of network elements such as base stations and virtual machines, and implement on/off mechanisms taking into account the quality of service (QoS) required by mobile users. Moreover, we investigate the performance of a NOMA-based resource allocation scheme in the context of Internet of Things aiming to improve network scalability and reduce the energy consumption of mobile users. The system model is mainly built upon the M/M/k queueing system that has been widely used in most relevant works. First, the energy saving mechanism is formulated as a 0-1 knapsack problem where the weight and value of each small base station is determined by the utilization and proportion of computing tasks at that base station, respectively. The problem is then solved using the dynamic programming approach which showed significant energy saving performance while maintaining the cloud response time at desired levels. Afterwards, the energy saving mechanism is applied on edge computing to reduce the amount of under-utilized virtual machines in edge devices. Herein, the square-root staffing rule and the Halfin-Whitt function are used to determine the minimum number of virtual machines required to maintain the queueing probability below a threshold value. On the user level, reducing energy consumption can be achieved by maximizing data rate provision to reduce the task completion time, and hence, the transmission energy. Herein, a NOMA-based scheme is introduced, particularly, the sparse code multiple access (SCMA) technique that allows subcarriers to be shared by multiple users. Not only does SCMA help provide higher data rates but also increase the number of accommodated users. In this context, a power optimization and codebook allocation problems are formulated and solved using the water-filling and heuristic approaches, respectively. Results show that SCMA can significantly improve data rate provision and accommodate more mobile users with improved user satisfaction.

scholarly journals Study on Energy-saving Insulation Materials in the Building’s Exterior

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Yazhi Hu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Curtain Wall ◽  
Construction Engineering ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Insulation Materials

<p>Construction industry has been one of China's energy guzzlers, if we can reduce the energy consumption of the building industry through the use of new materials or new technologies, which will have a significant impact on the development of economy and society. The status quo of China's construction industry, high energy consumption, paper use energy-saving technologies in the field of construction works to expand the analysis, discusses the necessity of the construction industry currently uses energy-saving insulation materials and analyzes the current energy field of construction engineering technology application status, on the basis of focus on the application of energy-saving insulation materials in construction, particularly in the new system and the new glass curtain wall insulation material in construction applications, which further enhance the energy-saving technology within the field of construction engineering the application level has a certain reference.</p>

Energy Consumption Analysis on Office Building Ventilation

2012 ◽  
Vol 516-517 ◽  
pp. 1139-1143
Author(s):  
Ke Chun Sun ◽  
Wei Jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Energy Simulation ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Saving Effect ◽  
Night Ventilation

Chongqing weather conditions as the representative, energy simulation software DesT-c Chongqing office building energy simulation analysis, simulated natural building under different ventilation conditions at room temperature, the energy consumption of building cooling load and air-conditioning system changes, with an emphasis on energy-saving effect of the night ventilation; The study showed that in Chongqing reasonable use of ventilation reduce building natural room temperature to a certain extent; Sensitive indicators of building air conditioning energy consumption than the heating energy consumption of ventilation was significantly; Night ventilation when the number of ventilators is less than 5 times / h, the energy saving effect is very significant.

Energy Efficient Schemes for Base Station Management in 4G Broadband Systems

2014 ◽  
pp. 100-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Bousia ◽  
Elli Kartsakli ◽  
Angelos Antonopoulos ◽  
Luis Alonso ◽  
Christos Verikoukis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Network Resources ◽  
Load Variations ◽  
Mobile Cellular ◽  
Main Component

Reducing the energy consumption in wireless networks has become a significant challenge, not only because of its great impact on the global energy crisis, but also because it represents a noteworthy cost for telecommunication operators. The Base Stations (BSs), constituting the main component of wireless infrastructure and the major contributor to the energy consumption of mobile cellular networks, are usually designed and planned to serve their customers during peak times. Therefore, they are more than sufficient when the traffic load is low. In this chapter, the authors propose a number of BSs switching off algorithms as an energy efficient solution to the problem of redundancy of network resources. They demonstrate via analysis and by means of simulations that one can achieve reduction in energy consumption when one switches off the unnecessary BSs. In particular, the authors evaluate the energy that can be saved by progressively turning off BSs during the periods when traffic decreases depending on the traffic load variations and the distance between the BS and their associated User Equipments (UEs). In addition, the authors show how to optimize the energy savings of the network by calculating the most energy-efficient combination of switched off and active BSs.

Congestion Avoidance and Delay Minimization in Energy Aware Routing of Dynamic ieee 802.11s WMN

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.P. Shiva Prakash ◽  
T.N. Nagabhushan ◽  
Kirill Krinkin
Keyword(s):  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Cluster Head Selection ◽  
Slot Allocation ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Slot Scheduling ◽  
Link Duration

Minimization of delay in collecting the data at any base stations is one of the major concerns in cluster based Wireless Mesh Networks. several researches have proposed algorithms to control congestion considering static nature of a node. Mobility of a node results in high congestion due to frequent link breakages and high energy consumption due to re-establishment of route during routing process. Hence, the authors consider dynamic nodes with single hop inside the static cluster. The proposed model includes four modules namely, Cluster head selection, slot allocation, slot scheduling and data collection process. the cluster head selection is based on the maximum energy, number of links and link duration. Slot allocation is based on the available energy () and the required energy (). Slot scheduling is carried out based on the link duration. Data at the base station will be collected as they are scheduled. Model is tested using Network Simulator-3 (NS3) and results indicate that the proposed model achieves least delay besides reducing the congestion compared to the existing methods.

scholarly journals An improved cluster formation process in wireless sensor network to decrease energy consumption

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Reza Farahzadi ◽  
Mostafa Langarizadeh ◽  
Mohammad Mirhosseini ◽  
Seyed Ali Fatemi Aghda
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Death Time

AbstractWireless sensor network has special features and many applications, which have attracted attention of many scientists. High energy consumption of these networks, as a drawback, can be reduced by a hierarchical routing algorithm. The proposed algorithm is based on the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) and Quadrant Cluster based LEACH (Q-LEACH) protocols. To reduce energy consumption and provide a more appropriate coverage, the network was divided into several regions and clusters were formed within each region. In selecting the cluster head (CH) in each round, the amount of residual energy and the distance from the center of each node were calculated by the base station (including the location and residual energy of each node) for all living nodes in each region. In this regard, the node with the largest value had the highest priority to be selected as the CH in each network region. The base station calculates the CH due to the lack of energy constraints and is also responsible for informing it throughout the network, which reduces the load consumption and tasks of nodes in the network. The information transfer steps in this protocol are similar to the LEACH protocol stages. To better evaluate the results, the proposed method was implemented with LEACH LEACH-SWDN, and Q-LEACH protocols using MATLAB software. The results showed better performance of the proposed method in network lifetime, first node death time, and the last node death time.

Thinking of Comprehensive Energy-Saving System Construction for Urban Rail Transit

2014 ◽  
Vol 505-506 ◽  
pp. 405-409
Author(s):  
Jun Ke Liang ◽  
Zhi Gang Liu ◽  
Yuan Chun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Urban Rail Transit ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
System Construction ◽  
Planning Period ◽  
Urban Rail

The High Energy Consumption of the Current Urban Rail Transit Industry, High Efficiency Energy Saving Measures must be Taken. this Paper Entity from the Traction Energy Consumption, Building Structure and Operating Equipment Aspects of the Current Situation, Described the Energy Saving Strategies. Aiming at the Present Problems Existing in Energy Saving Practice, this Article Puts Forward the Comprehensive Energy Saving System which Contains Optimization Design in Planning Period, Low Resource Consumption in Construction Period, Energy Saving Work in Operation Period. above all, Implement Energy Saving Practice at Every Concrete Work of Reaching.

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