scholarly journals Optimization of the profile and material of wire contacts for an IR photodetector

2021 ◽  
Vol 2086 (1) ◽  
pp. 012085
Author(s):  
A V Kamarchuk ◽  
D A Bauman ◽  
A I Marchenko
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Gold Wire ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Design ◽  
Low Costs

Abstract The study is devoted to the influence of the choice of geometry and materials of wire contacts on the reflection coefficient and thermal characteristics of the photodetector and the quality of the device design. The process of diffusion of materials of wire contacts and contact pads on a photodetector crystal is investigated. The studies were carried out on samples that are rather small in size (250x250x400 um). During the experiment, 4 main types of loop geometry were selected (main loop, reverse loop, double reverse loop, long loop). The loops were formed using a gold wire 25 μm in diameter. The quality of microwelds was investigated in 3 ways: shear and pull-off tests, optical observation using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and contact resistance measurement. The aim of the work is to create a high-quality design of an IR photodetector, which allows achieving a high sensitivity (at least 0.5 A / W), a large dynamic range (at least 40 dB) and low indicators of dark current values. The developed technology ensures high quality of the photodetector design. Due to the low costs of this technological process (wire material, the number of operations required for installation), relative to other technologies, which allows maintaining high performance in the technical component of the photodetector, the installation method may be of practical interest in production.

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HIGH QUALITY RAW MATERIAL OBTAINING FOR PECTIN PRODUCTION

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
I. A. Ilina ◽  
I. A. Machneva ◽  
E. S. Bakun
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Gel Forming Ability

  The article is devoted to the study of the chemical composition, physical and thermal-pfysical characteristics of damp apple pomaces and the identifying patterns of influence of drying temperature the functional composition and gel-forming ability of pectin. The research is aimed at obtaining initial data for the subsequent calculation of the main technological, hydro-mechanical, thermal, structural and economic characteristics of devices for drying the plant raw materials, ensuring the environmental safety and high quality of pectin-containing raw materials, the reducing heat and energy costs. As a result of the study of the thermal characteristics of apple pomaces, the critical points (temperature conductivity – 16.5 x 10-8 m2/s, thermal conductivity – 0.28 W/m K, heat capacity – 1627 j/(kg K)) at a humidity of 56 % are determined, which characterizing the transition from the extraction of weakly bound moisture to the extraction of moisture with strong bonds (colloidal, adsorption). It was found that the pomaces obtained from apples of late ripening have a higher content of solids (21-23 %), soluble pectin and protopectin (2.5-4.5 %). Dried pomaces obtained from apple varieties of late ripening contain up to 25 % pectin, which allow us to recommend them as a source of raw materials for the production of pectin. The optimum modes of preliminary washing of raw materials are offered, allowing to the remove the ballast substances as much as possible. It is established that when the drying temperature increases, the destructive processes are catalyzed: the strength of the pectin jelly and the uronide component and the degree of pectin esterification are reduced. The optimum drying temperature of damp apple pomaces is 80 0C, at which the quality of pectin extracted from the dried raw materials is maintained as much as possible. It is shown that the most effective for the pectin production is a fraction with a particle size of 3-5 mm, which allow us to extract up to 71 % of pectin from raw materials.

Interaction of Physiology Character - Secondary Metabolic of Fusarium oxysporum on Tomatoes of Fusarium Wilt Symptom

2019 ◽  
Vol 967 ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Abdul Azis Ambar ◽  
Henny Setyawati ◽  
Nur Ilmi
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Code Analysis ◽  
Wilt Symptom ◽  
The Relationship

Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum) is the pathogen that caused fusarium wilt diseases on the tomatoes. The rise of the symptom was caused by secondary metabolic produced by F. oxysporum. The associated with the level of secondary metabolic pathogenesis that cause symptoms of wilt on tomatoes, but secondary metabolic excreted by F. oxysporum was not necessarily wilt in a plant. The phenomenon caused F. oxysporum producing secondary metabolic in the different concentration, either its quantity or quality. The nature of physiology being tested, observed by growing 4 isolates using a medium PDA on the temperature of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 °C. The content of secondary metabolic measured on the four isolates using the Notz et al., (2002) and analyzed by using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results of the analysis of the nature of the physiological (colour colonies) were that every isolate planted for 8 days shows the variation of white, white redness, white yellowness until purpleness. Based on Methuen Handbook of Colour (Kornerup & Wanscher, 1978), generally isolates tested shows a bright colour, signaled with A letter at every code. Analysis HPLC on the results of secondary metabolic, either quantity or quality, sequentially were: isolates BAR (3; 1,997 ppm); ENR (3; 5,105 ppm); SID (4; 2,135 ppm) and MAL (5; 2,065 rpm). If it was seen by the relationship between the colour of colonies with the production of the secondary metabolic compound, it seemed that the older or darker colonies’ colour the more secondary compounds formed, but dark or old colonies’ colour does not determine a high quality of acid fusaric produced. Keywords: Colonies colour, F. oxysporum, secondary metabolic .

Developing a scale for measuring high performance partnerships

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
André de Waal ◽  
Robert Goedegebuure ◽  
Eveline Hinfelaar
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
World Class ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Cable Company

Purpose – The importance of partnerships to organizational success has increased considerably the past decennia and many organizations strive at creating high-performance partnerships (HPPs). For this to happen, organizations in the partnerships have to be of high quality and their collaborations should be world-class. Whereas the factors that create high-performance organizations (HPO) are by now reasonably well established, the HPP factors are still unclear. The purpose of this paper is to develop a scale for measuring the factors of importance for creating and maintaining HPPs, and relates these factors to the factors of the HPO framework and to the success of the partnership. Design/methodology/approach – During a literature study ten potential factors of importance for creating and maintaining HPPs were identified. These potential factors were put in a questionnaire, together with the factors that create the HPO and the factor that measures the success of the partnership. This questionnaire was administered to a cable company, which was working on becoming an HPO, and four of its main suppliers. The data were subjected to a factor analysis which yielded a HPP framework consisting of three factors and 19 underlying characteristics. In addition, these HPP factors were put in a regression analysis with the factors of the HPO framework and the success of the partnership factor. Findings – The research results show a strong relationship between three HPP factors, the five HPO factors, and the success of a partnership factor. Research limitations/implications – This research adds to the literature by extending the concept of HPOs to the value chain these HPOs operate in. Thus the research into the factors of successful partnerships has been brought forward. The practical benefit of the research is that organizations can use the HPP factors to increase the quality of the partnerships they have with their suppliers and customers. Originality/value – There is much literature on partnerships but not so much on partnerships between organizations which strive to become a HPOs, and in the process need to create partnership of high quality.

Avoidance of Bonding Pad Contamination Affecting Back-End Assembly Process

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mu-Chun Wang ◽  
Kuo-Shu Huang ◽  
Zhen-Ying Hsieh ◽  
Shuang-Yuan Chen ◽  
Heng-Sheng Huang
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Gold Wire ◽  
Assembly Process ◽  
Bond Performance ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Wire Bond ◽  
Fine Pitch ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Adhesion Process

While the process fabrication and the electronic applications develop quickly, the die size and the package type also confront the improvement from the customers’ request to achieve the better signal performance in IC products. In cost consideration and marketing competition, most of commercial IC products still adopt the wire-bond technology, except some high performance products with solder/gold balls adhesion process. For consumer ICs, the gold wire is the major material to connect the IC chip and the lead frame through the bondability technology. In the recent era, the bond pad size and pitch is always shrinking. Therefore, the bond performance strongly depends on wire bond machine to provide lighters, thinner, and more reliable IC. After pad size shrinkage, the quality of pad is more impressed for wire bond reliability, especially in fine-pitch assembly process. It’s a challenge in reliability requirement. In this study, the root cause and promising solution of bond pad contamination were investigated. One is to improve the bonding yield in wire-bond process; the other is to promote the bonding reliability after the whole assembly process.

Growth of centimeter-scale high-quality In2Se3 films for transparent, flexible and high performance photodetectors

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (34) ◽  
pp. 8094-8103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Q. Zheng ◽  
J. D. Yao ◽  
G. W. Yang
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Quality

A centimeter-scale In2Se3 film has been achieved via PLD and high-sensitivity photodetection has been demonstrated.

scholarly journals Heat Processing and Change of Proper Indicators of Basalts

Land Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. p1
Author(s):  
Rashidova R K ◽  
Kurbanov Abdirakhim Ahmedovich ◽  
Aliyev T ◽  
Jiyanov A B ◽  
Turdieva O J ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Heat Processing ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Mineral Raw Materials ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Basalt Rock

This paper presents the results of the analysis of the quality of basalts, their heat treatment and studies of changes in the chemical composition of basalts, which leads to a change in the external color of partially processed basalt raw materials (hereinafter referred to as semi-finished product). The results of a study of purified basalt from slime, impurities and hydroxides, changes in the chemical composition of basalt rock are presented. The prospects of heat treatment of a semi-finished product and obtaining multi-colored products from mineral raw materials is shown. It was found that the optimal firing temperature of the semi-finished product, the possible options for changing the external color and the criterion points of the thermal effect at which the basalt semi-finished product changes the external shade. These statements are of great scientific and practical interest in the fact that during the heat treatment of a semifinished product, basalt easily overheats and gradually acquires a different color, which occurs to a liquids temperature and allows the future to plan to obtain high-quality multi-colored products from basalts, for example, products for design.

scholarly journals Characterization and performance evaluation of the XSPA-500k detector using synchrotron radiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-447
Author(s):  
Yasukazu Nakaye ◽  
Takuto Sakumura ◽  
Yasutaka Sakuma ◽  
Satoshi Mikusu ◽  
Arkadiusz Dawiec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Dynamic Range ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Response Modulation ◽  
Modulation Transfer

Hybrid photon counting (HPC) detectors are widely used at both synchrotron facilities and in-house laboratories. The features of HPC detectors, such as no readout noise, high dynamic range, high frame rate, excellent point spread function, no blurring etc. along with fast data acquisition, provide a high-performance detector with a low detection limit and high sensitivity. Several HPC detector systems have been developed around the world. A number of them are commercially available and used in academia and industry. One of the important features of an HPC detector is a fast readout speed. Most HPC detectors can easily achieve over 1000 frames s−1, one or two orders of magnitude faster than conventional CCD detectors. Nevertheless, advanced scientific challenges require ever faster detectors in order to study dynamical phenomena in matter. The XSPA-500k detector can achieve 56 kframes s−1 continuously, without dead-time between frames. Using `burst mode', a special mode of the UFXC32k ASIC, the frame rate reaches 1 000 000 frames s−1. XSPA-500k was fully evaluated at the Metrology beamline at Synchrotron SOLEIL (France) and its readout speed was confirmed by tracking the synchrotron bunch time structure. The uniformity of response, modulation transfer function, linearity, energy resolution and other performance metrics were also verified either with fluorescence X-rays illuminating the full area of the detector or with the direct beam.

scholarly journals Chitosans from Rhizopus stolonifer (strain CBMAI 1551): Characterization and Dense Film Formation

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 924-931
Author(s):  
Douglas Henrique Cardoso ◽  
Thiago Ferreira Da Conceição ◽  
Admir Jose Giachini ◽  
Marcio Jose Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Film Formation ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Green Process ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
Low Costs ◽  
Traditional Production ◽  
Great Possibility

Chitosan is a bioactive amino polymer with wide applications. Mainly derived from chitin of marine sources, its traditional production still has some drawbacks such as irregular supply, low quality of product and lack of standardization. Farther, extraction processes are time-consuming with considerable environmental impacts, an extremely non-green process. Many works have shown the possibility of producing native chitosan from Mucorales fungi, which is more easily extracted. Such process is advantageous due to low costs, process control and great possibility of high quality products. Moreover, the extraction of chitosan is faster and generates less pollutants. In this scenario, the possibility of standardized production allied with facilitated extraction and less probability of toxicological side effects from marine sources are characteristics that motivated this work. A Mucorales isolate was cultured and the chitosans – native and semi-synthetic – obtained through heterogeneous extraction were compared. Results show substantial differences between them. Those differences are related to the processes required for extraction, yield, productivity, and quality. This work reinforces that Mucorales fungi excel as an alternative for chitosan production.

scholarly journals Variability of production characteristics of distinguished lines of bees in western Serbia

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1379-1386
Author(s):  
N. Nedic ◽  
Z. Stojanovic ◽  
G. Jevtic ◽  
N. Plavsa ◽  
K. Matovic
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Selected Lines ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Queen Mothers ◽  
Production Characteristics

Condition for achieving high performance results in beekeeping is focused on the use of high-quality breeding queen bee. Because that a large amount of research are based on the examination of properties of selected lines of bees and choosing the best queen mothers in the aim of selection and improving the production characteristics of honey bees from the territory of Serbia. The amount of bees, brood, honey and pollen was investigated in two spring and one autumn survey and productivity controlled in the pasture of accacia. Line 1 had the greatest amount of brood (1.23, 4.04 and 5.39), while line 3 had the best spring development. The best quality of brood in all three exams had the lines 1 and 3 (3.00, 3.00 and 2.95) as well as the best productivity compared to the average yield of all other three lines. All tested lines were exhibited variability, which provides enough possibility for their further improvement and single out the mother queenbees with best results.

scholarly journals Relative Impact of Key Rendering Parameters on Perceived Quality of VR Imagery Captured by the Facebook Surround 360 Camera

Frameless ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Nora Pfund ◽  
◽  
Nitin Sampat ◽  
J. A. Stephen Viggiano ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Computer Hardware ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Relative Impact ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Geometric Calibration ◽  
Black Level

High quality, 360 capture for Cinematic VR is a relatively new and rapidly evolving technology. The field demands very high quality, distortion- free 360 capture which is not possible with cameras that depend on fish- eye lenses for capturing a 360 field of view. The Facebook Surround 360 Camera, one of the few “players” in this space, is an open-source license design that Facebook has released for anyone that chooses to build it from off-the-shelf components and generate 8K stereo output using open-source licensed rendering software. However, the components are expensive and the system itself is extremely demanding in terms of computer hardware and software. Because of this, there have been very few implementations of this design and virtually no real deployment in the field. We have implemented the system, based on Facebook’s design, and have been testing and deploying it in various situations; even generating short video clips. We have discovered in our recent experience that high quality, 360 capture comes with its own set of new challenges. As an example, even the most fundamental tools of photography like “exposure” become difficult because one is always faced with ultra-high dynamic range scenes (one camera is pointing directly at the sun and the others may be pointing to a dark shadow). The conventional imaging pipeline is further complicated by the fact that the stitching software has different effects on various as- pects of the calibration or pipeline optimization. Most of our focus to date has been on optimizing the imaging pipeline and improving the qual- ity of the output for viewing in an Oculus Rift headset. We designed a controlled experiment to study 5 key parameters in the rendering pipeline– black level, neutral balance, color correction matrix (CCM), geometric calibration and vignetting. By varying all of these parameters in a combinatorial manner, we were able to assess the relative impact of these parameters on the perceived image quality of the output. Our results thus far indicate that the output image quality is greatly influenced by the black level of the individual cameras (the Facebook cam- era comprised of 17 cameras whose output need to be stitched to obtain a 360 view). Neutral balance is least sensitive. We are most confused about the results we obtain from accurately calculating and applying the CCM for each individual camera. We obtained improved results by using the average of the matrices for all cameras. Future work includes evaluating the effects of geometric calibration and vignetting on quality.

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