scholarly journals Novel boriding technique of low-carbon steel weldments

2021 ◽  
Vol 2128 (1) ◽  
pp. 012032
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. A. Eldarwesh ◽  
Amany Khaled ◽  
Tarek M. Moussa ◽  
Mostafa R. A. Atia
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Boriding Process

Abstract Boriding is considered one of the essential surface treatments for carbon steels during the last decades. The conventional methods of boriding are subjected to many limitations due to the sophisticated setup and the time-consuming treatment. Therefore, less complex methods and less time consumption are the main research objectives past couple of years. This research suggests an enhanced boriding surface treatment technique for low carbon steel. The advantages of the proposed method include the reduction of boriding process time through the development of new boron rich compounds which consequently eliminates the need of specially designed furnaces. The illustrated outputs reveal promising results without sacrificing the physical properties. The proposed technique was carried out experimentally. Depth of penetration and microhardness were measured and compared with results from previous literature. Some trials have shown 35 µm depth of penetration of boron layer at 30 min treatment time associated with micro-hardness up to 2388 HV.

Effect of Soaking Time on Paste Carburizing of Carburized Low Carbon Steel

2017 ◽  
Vol 740 ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hafizuddin Jumadin ◽  
Bulan Abdullah ◽  
Muhammad Hussain Ismail ◽  
Siti Khadijah Alias ◽  
Samsiah Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Case Depth ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Low Carbon Steels ◽  
Carburized Steel ◽  
Carburizing Process

Increase of soaking time contributed to the effectiveness of case depth formation, hardness properties and carbon content of carburized steel. This paper investigates the effect of different soaking time (7-9 hours) using powder and paste compound to the carburized steel. Low carbon steels were carburized using powder and paste compound for 7, 8 and 9 hours at temperature 1000°C. The transformation of microstructure and formation carbon rich layer was observed under microscope. The microhardness profiles were analyzed to investigate the length of case depth produced after the carburizing process. The increment of carbon content was considered to find the correlation between types of carburizing compound with time. Results shows that the longer carburized steel was soaked, the higher potential in formation of carbon rich layer, case depth and carbon content, which led to better hardness properties for carburized low carbon steel. Longer soaking time, 9 hours has a higher dispersion of carbon up to 41%-51% compare to 8 hours and 7 hours. By using paste carburizing, it has more potential of carbon atom to merge the microstructure to transform into cementite (1.53 wt% C) compare to powder (0.97 wt% C), which increases the hardness of carburized steel (13% higher).

Kinetic Study of the Growth of Hard Layers on a Low Carbon Steel

MRS Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (50) ◽  
pp. 2809-2817
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Huerta ◽  
E.D. García Bustos ◽  
D.V. Melo Máximo ◽  
M. Flores Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Thermochemical Treatment ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Kinetic Growth ◽  
Steel Aisi ◽  
Growth Constants ◽  
Substrate Hardness

ABSTRACTIn the present work the kinetic growth is analyzed for a hard coating applied on a low carbon steel AISI 8620. A thermochemical treatment of bored with dehydrated paste at temperatures of 900, 950 and 1000 °C with a residence time of 2, 4, 6 and 8 h. The morphology and types of borides formed on the surface of the steel were evaluated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The layer formed has a size of 20 to 113 μm which will be dependent on the process temperature, the treatment time and the alloy elements of the substrate. Hardness of 1493-1852 HV are presented for treatment times and temperatures established in this study. The kinetics of growth were determined and analyzed using a mathematical model of diffusion, evaluating the penetration of the biphasic layer that is determined as a function of the time and temperature of the thermochemical treatment (TCT). The results show the increase in the growth constants (k) with respect to the bored temperatures. The activity energy (Q) of the material AISI 8620 was also obtained.

Predicting the Effects of Cold Working on the Machining Characteristics of Low Carbon Steels

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Kopalinsky ◽  
P. L. B. Oxley
Keyword(s):  
Flow Stress ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Cold Working ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Steels ◽  
Steel Work ◽  
Machining Characteristics

Experiments show that the cold working of low carbon steel work materials can improve their machinability by reducing cutting forces and improving surface finish and tool life. The somewhat paradoxical result of reducing cutting forces by cold working a material so that its hardness is increased is explained in this paper by using a machining theory which takes account of the flow stress properties of the work material and can thus allow for the effects of cold working.

Effect of Ti, Al and Mg Addition on the Impact Toughness of Heat Affected Zone in Low Carbon Steel

2009 ◽  
Vol 79-82 ◽  
pp. 143-146
Author(s):  
Jiang Hua Ma ◽  
Dong Ping Zhan ◽  
Zhou Hua Jiang ◽  
Ji Cheng He
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Welding Simulation ◽  
Mg Addition ◽  
The Impact

In order to understand the effects of deoxidizer such as aluminium, titanium and magnesium on the impact toughness of heat affected zone (HAZ), three low carbon steels deoxidized by Ti-Al, Mg and Ti-Mg were obtained. After smelting, forging, rolling and welding simulation, the effects of Al, Ti and Mg addition on the impact toughness of HAZ in low carbon steel were studied. The inclusion characteristics (size, morphology and chemistry) of samples before welding and the fracture pattern of the specimens after the Charpy-type test were respectively analyzed using optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The following results were found. The density of inclusion in Ti-Mg deoxidized steel is bigger than Ti-Al deoxidized steel. The average diameter is decreased for the former than the latter. The addition of Ti-Mg can enhance the impact toughness of the HAZ after welding simulation. The maximal value of the impact toughness is 66.5J/cm2. The complex particles of MgO-TiOx-SiO2-MnS are most benefit to enhance impact toughness. The improvement of HAZ is attributable to the role of particle pinning and the formation of intergranular ferrite.

High Temperature Corrosion of Al Hot-Dipped Low Carbon Steels in N2/H2S-Mixed Gases

2016 ◽  
Vol 369 ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali Abro ◽  
Dong Bok Lee
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Alloy Layer ◽  
High Temperature Corrosion ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Mixed Gas ◽  
Low Carbon Steels ◽  
Mixed Gases

A low carbon steel was hot-dip aluminized, and corroded in the N2/0.4%H2S-mixed gas at 650-850°C for 20-50 h in order to find the effect of aluminizing on the high-temperature corrosion of the low carbon steel in the H2S environment. A thin Al topcoat and a thick Al-Fe alloy layer that consisted primarily of Al5Fe2 and some FeAl and Al3Fe formed on the surface after aluminizing. The corrosion rate increased with an increase in temperature. Hot-dip aluminizing increased the corrosion resistance of the carbon steel through forming a thin protective α-Al2O3 scale on the surface. The α-Al2O3 scale was susceptible to spallation. During corrosion, internal voids formed in the Al-Fe alloy layer, where the Al5Fe2, AlFe, and Al3Fe compounds gradually transformed through interdiffusion.

Deformation and Structure Difference of Steel Droplets during Initial Solidification

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Jiaquan Zhang ◽  
Changgui Cheng ◽  
Zhi Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Continuous Casting ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Solidification Structure ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Peritectic Steel ◽  
Initial Solidification

AbstractThe surface quality of slabs is closely related with the initial solidification at very first seconds of molten steel near meniscus in mold during continuous casting. The solidification, structure, and free deformation for given steels have been investigated in droplet experiments by aid of Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope. It is observed that the appearances of solidified shells for high carbon steels and some hyper-peritectic steels with high carbon content show lamellar, while that for other steels show spherical. Convex is formed along the chilling direction for most steels, besides some occasions that concave is formed for high carbon steel at times. The deformation degree decreases gradually in order of hypo-peritectic steel, ultra-low carbon steel, hyper-peritectic steel, low carbon steel, and high carbon steel, which is consistent with the solidification shrinkage in macroscope during continuous casting. Additionally, the microstructure of solidified shell of hypo-peritectic steel is bainite, while that of hyper-peritectic steel is martensite.

scholarly journals Corrosion inhibition and statistical data of low carbon steel in HCl media by admixed organic compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 2070 (1) ◽  
pp. 012149
Author(s):  
Roland Tolulope Loto ◽  
Cleophas Akintoye Loto ◽  
Richard Leramo ◽  
Babatunde Oyebade
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Corrosion Inhibition ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Inhibition Efficiency ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Inhibitor Concentration

Abstract Corrosion inhibition of carbon steels with organic compounds exhibiting effective corrosion inhibition is an on-going research. The corrosion inhibition of low carbon steel in 1M HCl solution by the combined admixture of vanillin and benzonitrile (VBN), and salvia officinalis with lavendulan officinalis (SLV) was studied by weight loss method. Results obtained show that VBN and SLV performed effectively with maximum inhibition efficiency 91.03% at 1.5% VBN concentration and 97.89% at 5% SLV concentration. The inhibition efficiency of VBN increased with concentration but decreased with exposure time compared to the values obtained for SLV which showed non-dependence on concentration and exposure time after 1% SLV concentration. Correlation plots of inhibition efficiency versus inhibitor concentration show VBN to be more concentration dependent in performance. Calculated data for standard deviation shows the degree of variation from mean values for both compounds is significant at low inhibitor concentration due to time dependence action. Statistical analysis through ANOVA shows inhibitor concentration overwhelmingly influences the inhibition performance of the despite even though exposure time is statistically relevant to minimal degree.

scholarly journals Characterization of Weld Bead Deposited on Low Carbon Steel Plate with TIG Welding Process

2020 ◽  
pp. 86-89
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Weld Bead ◽  
Tig Welding ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
Carbide Particles

The characterization of weld bead deposited on low carbon steel plate with TIG welding is carried out in the present study. Three beads on plate deposits were made on a low carbon steel plate by setting the current at 75, 100 and 125 Amp, voltage at 40 Volt and the weld speed at 0.5 mm/s. The wire is fed at the rate of 2.67 mm/s. A 1.8 mm filler wire made with low carbon steel was used. The macroscopic and microscopic examination of the sample was carried out. The depth of penetration was more with respect to rise in current value for the selected weld speed. At the heat affected zone (HAZ) fine grains were seen, closer to the HAZ recrystalised grains were noted. At the base metal large ferrite grains with fine carbide particles dispersed along the grain boundaries are observed.

Change in Yield Strength of Nb-Bearing Ultra-Low Carbon Steels by Temper-Rolling

2018 ◽  
Vol 941 ◽  
pp. 230-235
Author(s):  
Ling Ling Yang ◽  
Tatsuya Nakagaito ◽  
Yoshimasa Funakawa ◽  
Katsumi Kojima
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Temper Rolling ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Solute Carbon ◽  
Ultra Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Dislocation Strengthening ◽  
Carbon Change

Yield strength of low carbon mild steel decreases when temper-rolling is applied to release yield point elongation. Generally mobile dislocation used to be considered as the cause of the YS lowering. However from Bailey-Hirsch theory, strength should be higher with temper-rolling because of the increase of dislocation density. To newly explain the lowering yield strength by temper-rolling, standing at the point that a few ppm carbon change Hall-Petch coefficient , decrease in yield strength by temper-rolling is investigated using an ultra-low carbon steel. Yield strength of steel with the small amount of solute carbon increased after 2% temper-rolling and didn’t change after aging. On the other hand, yield strength of steel with the high amount of solute carbon decreased after 2% temper-rolling and increased again after aging. Despite solute carbon content, the Hall-Petch σ0 increased by dislocation strengthening of temper-rolling. Hall-Petch coefficient ky of low solute carbon steel remained at the low level even after temper-rolling or aging , however, that of high solute carbon steels significantly decreased after temper-rolling and increased again after aging. Yield strength reduction of the high solute carbon steel can be attributed to the decrease of ky.

Increasing in expediency of cold forging of parts made of iron powders in comparison with parts made of low-carbon steels

2020 ◽  
pp. 494-501
Author(s):  
A.M. Dmitriev ◽  
N.V. Korobova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Cold Forging ◽  
Cold Extrusion ◽  
Contact Friction ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Steels ◽  
Strength Limit ◽  
Iron Based

The quality of parts such as deep cylindrical cups made by cold forging from low-carbon steel and sintered billets from iron powder is compared. Technological processes from production of iron-based powder parts and press equipment used in mechanical engineering and in powder metallurgy are described. Cold forging of powder billets and billets from low-carbon steels is carried out on press specialized for extrusion with the creation of actively directed contact friction stresses between the deformable billet and the die. It is shown that cold extrusion of cup-type parts with actively directed contact friction stresses makes it possible to manufacture parts from iron-based powder with density equal to 98...99 % of the theoretical iron density. However parts from low-carbon steel have strength limit greater than that of powder parts. Powder cups do not have the anisotropy of properties typical for cups from low-carbon steels.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document