scholarly journals Vibration Control of Semi-Active Suspension System using Modified Skyhook with Advanced Firefly Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 2129 (1) ◽  
pp. 012014
Author(s):  
M H Ab Talib ◽  
I Z Mat Darus ◽  
H M Yatim ◽  
M S Hadi ◽  
N M R Shaharuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Firefly Algorithm ◽  
Ride Comfort ◽  
Active Suspension ◽  
The Body ◽  
Matlab Simulation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Vehicle System ◽  
Road Profile ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Suspension Control

Abstract The semi-active suspension (SAS) system is a partial suspension device used in the vehicle system to improve the ride comfort and road handling. Due to the high non-linearity of the road profile disturbances plus uncertainties derived from vehicle dynamics, a conventional Skyhook controller is not deemed enough for the vehicle system to improve the performance. A major problem of the implementation of the controller is to optimize a proper parameter as this is an important element in demanding a good controller response. An advanced Firefly Algorithm (AFA) integrated with the modified skyhook (MSky) is proposed to enhance the robustness of the system and thus able to improve the vehicle ride comfort. In this paper, the controller scheme to be known as MSky-AFA was validated via MATLAB simulation environment. A different optimizer based on the original firefly algorithm (FA) is also studied in order to compute the parameter of the MSky controller. This control scheme to be known as MSky-FA was evaluated and compared to the proposed MSky-AFA as well as the passive suspension control. The results clearly exhibit more superior and better response of the MSky-AFA in reducing the body acceleration and displacement amplitude in comparison to the MSky-FA and passive counterparts for a sinusoidal road profile condition.

Wheelbase preview control of an active suspension with a disturbance-decoupled observer to improve vehicle ride comfort

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (6) ◽  
pp. 1725-1745
Author(s):  
Baek-soon Kwon ◽  
Daejun Kang ◽  
Kyongsu Yi
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Study ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Ride Comfort ◽  
Active Suspension ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Preview Control ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Disturbance ◽  
Suspension Control

This article deals with the design of a partial preview active suspension control algorithm for the improvement of vehicle ride comfort. Generally, while preview-controlled active suspension systems have even greater potential than feedback-controlled systems, their main challenge is obtaining preview information of the road profile ahead. A critical drawback of the “look-ahead” sensors is an increased risk of incorrect detection influenced by water, snow, and other soft obstacles on the road. In this work, a feasible wheelbase preview suspension control algorithm without information about the road elevation has been developed based on a novel 3-degree-of-freedom full-car dynamic model which incorporates only the vehicle body dynamics. The main advantage of the employed vehicle model is that the system disturbance input vector consists of vertical wheel accelerations that can be measured easily. The measured acceleration information of the front wheels is used for predictive control of the rear suspension to stabilize the body motion. The suspension state estimator has also been designed to completely remove the effect of unknown road disturbance on the state estimation error. The estimation performance of an observer is verified via a simulation study and field tests. The performance of the proposed suspension controller is evaluated on a frequency domain and time domain via a simulation study. It is shown that the vehicle ride comfort can be improved more by the proposed wheelbase preview control approach than by the feedback approach.

Influence of the road profile accuracy on disturbance compensation in active suspension systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 485-498
Author(s):  
Felix Anhalt ◽  
Boris Lohmann
Keyword(s):  
Ride Comfort ◽  
Feedforward Control ◽  
Active Suspension ◽  
Disturbance Compensation ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
The Road ◽  
Suspension Systems ◽  
Active Suspension Systems ◽  
Road Profile ◽  
Profile Accuracy

Abstract By applying disturbance feedforward control in active suspension systems, knowledge of the road profile can be used to increase ride comfort and safety. As the assumed road profile will never match the real one perfectly, we examine the performance of different disturbance compensators under various deteriorations of the assumed road profile using both synthetic and measured profiles and two quarter vehicle models of different complexity. While a generally valid statement on the maximum tolerable deterioration cannot be made, we identify particularly critical factors and derive recommendations for practical use.

scholarly journals The algorithm of adaptive control for active suspension systems using pole assign and cascade design method

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Chi Nguyen Van
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Active Suspension ◽  
Suspension System ◽  
Control Force ◽  
Control Loop ◽  
The Road ◽  
Suspension Systems ◽  
Road Profile ◽  
Control Scheme

This paper presents the active suspension system (ASS) control method using the adaptive cascade control scheme. The control scheme is implemented by two control loops, the inner control loop and outer control loop are designed respectively. The inner control loop uses the pole assignment method in order to move the poles of the original system to desired poles respect to the required performance of the suspension system. To design the controller in the inner loop, the model without the noise caused by the road profile and velocity of the car is used. The outer control loop then designed with an adaptive mechanism calculates the active control force to compensate for the vibrations caused by the road profile and velocity of the car. The control force is determined by the error between states of the reference model and states of suspension systems, the reference model is the model of closed-loop with inner control loop without the noise. The simulation results implemented by using the practice date of the road profile show that the capability of oscillation decrease for ASS is quite efficient

scholarly journals Active Suspension Control Based on Estimated Road Class for Off-Road Vehicle

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Mingde Gong ◽  
Haohao Wang ◽  
Xin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Ride Comfort ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Active Suspension ◽  
The Body ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Fractal Interpolation ◽  
3D Point Cloud ◽  
Height Profile ◽  
The Road

Road input can be provided for a vehicle in advance by using an optical sensor to preview the front terrain and suspension parameters can be adjusted before a corresponding moment to keep the body as smooth as possible and thus improve ride comfort and handling stability. However, few studies have described this phenomenon in detail. In this study, a LiDAR coupled with global positioning and inertial navigation systems was used to obtain the digital terrain in front of a vehicle in the form of a 3D point cloud, which was processed by a statistical filter in the Point Cloud Library for the acquisition of accurate data. Next, the inverse distance weighting interpolation method and fractal interpolation were adopted to extract the road height profile from the 3D point cloud and improve its accuracy. The roughness grade of the road height profile was utilised as the input of active suspension. Then, the active suspension, which was based on an LQG controller, used the analytic hierarchy process method to select proper weight coefficients of performance indicators according to the previously calculated road grade. Finally, the road experiment verified that reasonable selection of active suspension’s LQG controller weightings based on estimated road profile and road class through fractal interpolation can improve the ride comfort and handling stability of the vehicle more than passive suspension did.

scholarly journals Optimal Control of an 8-DOF Vehicle Active Suspension System Using Kalman Observer

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hossein Sadati ◽  
Salar Malekzadeh ◽  
Masood Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Ride Comfort ◽  
Active Suspension ◽  
Suspension System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Seat Suspension ◽  
Handling Characteristics ◽  
Road Profile ◽  
Passive Suspension System

In this paper, an 8-DOF model including driver seat dynamics, subjected to random road disturbances is used in order to investigate the advantage of active over conventional passive suspension system. Force actuators are mounted parallel to the body suspensions and the driver seat suspension. An optimal control approach is taken in the active suspension used in the vehicle. The performance index for the optimal control design is a quantification of both ride comfort and road handling. To simulate the real road profile condition, stochastic inputs are applied. Due to practical limitations, not all the states of the system required for the state-feedback controller are measurable, and hence must be estimated with an observer. In this paper, to have the best estimation, an optimal Kalman observer is used. The simulation results indicate that an optimal observer-based controller causes both excellent ride comfort and road handling characteristics.

An Investigation on Vehicle Active Suspension and Anti-Lock Braking System Coordination Control

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-jie Liang ◽  
Xiao-kai Chen
Keyword(s):  
Ride Comfort ◽  
Fuzzy Model ◽  
Active Suspension ◽  
Software Environment ◽  
Braking Performance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Model Control ◽  
On The Road

This paper made an investigation on the coordinated control scheme of vehicle anti-lock braking system (ABS) and vehicle active suspension. The objective of this investigation is to obtain the maximum braking force on the road and to minimize the stopping distance and meanwhile maintain vehicle directional stability and maintain ride comfort. The controller was designed by using the fuzzy model control theory and was implemented under the Matlab/Simulink software environment. A 7-DOF-vehicle model was used to consider the influences of the non-linearity of tire and suspension. The simulation tests were carried out in various conditions. The action of the ABS combined with active suspension and the effects of applied suspension force on braking performances were examined. The simulation results show that for a particular vehicle there exists an optimal application of the suspension force. Compared with an ABS system without combing active suspension, the proposed control scheme can improve braking performance significantly.

Comprehensive Analysis for Influence of Controllable Damper Time Delay on Semi-Active Suspension Control Strategies

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yechen Qin ◽  
Feng Zhao ◽  
Zhenfeng Wang ◽  
Liang Gu ◽  
Mingming Dong
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Ride Comfort ◽  
Hybrid Control ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Active Suspension ◽  
Test System ◽  
Suspension Control ◽  
Simulation Results

This paper presents a comprehensive comparison and analysis for the effect of time delay on the five most representative semi-active suspension control strategies, and refers to four unsolved problems related to semi-active suspension performance and delay mechanism that existed. Dynamic characteristics of a commercially available continuous damping control (CDC) damper were first studied, and a material test system (MTS) load frame was used to depict the velocity-force map for a CDC damper. Both inverse and boundary models were developed to determine dynamic characteristics of the damper. In addition, in order for an improper damper delay of the form t+τ to be corrected, a delay mechanism of controllable damper was discussed in detail. Numerical simulation for five control strategies, i.e., modified skyhook control SC, hybrid control (HC), COC, model reference sliding mode control (MRSMC), and integrated error neuro control (IENC), with three different time delays: 5 ms, 10 ms, and 15 ms was performed. Simulation results displayed that by changing control weights/variables, performance of all five control strategies varied from being ride comfort oriented to being road handling oriented. Furthermore, increase in delay time resulted in deterioration of both ride comfort and road handling. Specifically, ride comfort was affected more than road handling. The answers to all four questions were finally provided according to simulation results.

scholarly journals Active Vehicle Suspension with Anti-Roll System Based on Advanced Sliding Mode Controller

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5560
Author(s):  
Jarosław Konieczny ◽  
Marek Sibielak ◽  
Waldemar Rączka
Keyword(s):  
Ride Comfort ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Active Suspension ◽  
Vehicle Suspension ◽  
Sliding Mode Controller ◽  
Energy Consumption Optimization ◽  
Suspension Control ◽  
Vertical Displacements ◽  
Linear Regulators

In the paper authors consider the active suspension of the wheeled vehicle. The proposed controller consists of a sliding mode controller used to roll reduction and linear regulators with quadratic performance index (LQRs) for struts control was shown. The energy consumption optimization was taken into account at the stage of strut controllers synthesis. The studied system is half of the active vehicle suspension using hydraulic actuators to increase the ride comfort and keeping safety. Instead of installing additional actuators in the form of active anti-roll bars, it has been decided to expand the active suspension control algorithm by adding extra functionality that accounts for the roll. The suggested algorithm synthesis method is based on the object decomposition into two subsystems whose controllers can be synthesized separately. Individual suspension struts are controlled by actuators that use the controllers whose parameters have been calculated with the LQR method. The mathematical model of the actuator applied in the work takes into account its nonlinear nature and the dynamics of the servovalve. The simulation tests of the built active suspension control system have been performed. In the proposed solution, the vertical displacements caused by uneven road surface are reduced by controllers related directly to suspension strut actuators.

Genetic optimization of a fuzzy active suspension system based on human sensitivity to the transmitted vibrations

2008 ◽  
Vol 222 (10) ◽  
pp. 1769-1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Montazeri-Gh ◽  
M Soleymani
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽  
Ride Comfort ◽  
Fitness Function ◽  
Active Suspension ◽  
The Body ◽  
System Control ◽  
Genetic Optimization ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Ride Index

Optimization of a vehicle fuzzy active suspension (AS) controller was previously performed on the basis of the amplitude of transmitted vibrations to the body. However, ride comfort depends strongly on the human sensitivity, which is a function of not only the amplitude but also the frequency contents of the transmitted vibrations. In this paper, genetic optimization of a fuzzy AS system based on the human sensitivity to the transmitted vibrations is presented. For this purpose, a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is initially proposed for the AS system control. The FLC parameters are then tuned using a genetic algorithm (GA). The tuning process is first formulated as a single-objective optimization problem based on the human sensitivity and conventional r.m.s. amplitude criteria separately. The simulation results reveal that the optimization of a fuzzy AS based on the common r.m.s. amplitude criterion not only does not result in the optimal ride index, but also causes a considerable increase in the energy consumption. Moreover, in order to accommodate the conflicting characteristics of the AS system, the FLC parameters are tuned on the basis of a multi-objective fitness function incorporating human sensitivity, suspension travel, and energy consumption. The simulation results prove the effectiveness of the optimized FLC in hitting the simultaneous targets of ride comfort improvement as well as suspension travel and energy consumption reduction.

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