scholarly journals The Spatial Distribution and Potential for Energy Recovery of Urban-Rural Wastes in Guangdong Province, Southern China

2020 ◽  
Vol 555 ◽  
pp. 012042
Author(s):  
Huaping Xiao ◽  
Zhihua Tang ◽  
Yunkai Tan ◽  
Linzi Yi
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Urban Rural

scholarly journals Seasonal variation and spatial distribution of carbonaceous aerosols in Taiwan

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 9563-9578 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C.-K. Chou ◽  
C. T. Lee ◽  
M. T. Cheng ◽  
C. S. Yuan ◽  
S. J. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Southern Taiwan ◽  
Northern Taiwan

Abstract. To investigate the physico-chemical properties of aerosols in Taiwan, an observation network was initiated in 2003. In this work, the measurements of the mass concentration and carbonaceous composition of PM10 and PM2.5 are presented. Analysis on the data collected in the first 5-years, from 2003 to 2007, showed that there was a very strong contrast in the aerosol concentration and composition between the rural and the urban/suburban stations. The five-year means of EC at the respective stations ranged from 0.9±0.04 to 4.2±0.1 μgC m−3. In rural areas, EC accounted for 2–3% of PM10 and 3–5% of PM2.5 mass loadings, comparing to 4–6% of PM10 and 4–8% of PM2.5 in the urban areas. It was found that the spatial distribution of EC was consistent with CO and NOx across the network stations, suggesting that the levels of EC over Taiwan were dominated by local sources. The measured OC was split into POC and SOC counterparts following the EC tracer method. Five-year means of POC ranged from 1.8±0.1 to 9.7±0.2 μgC m−3 among the stations. It was estimated that the POM contributed 5–17% of PM10 and 7–18% of PM2.5 in Taiwan. On the other hand, the five-year means of SOC ranged from 1.5±0.1 to 3.8±.3 μgC m−3. The mass fractions of SOM were estimated to be 9–19% in PM10 and 14–22% in PM2.5. The results showed that the SOC did not exhibit significant urban-rural contrast as did the POC and EC. A significant cross-station correlation between SOC and total oxidant was observed, which means the spatial distribution of SOC in Taiwan was dominated by the oxidant mixing ratio. Besides, correlation was also found between SOC and particulate nitrate, implying that the precursors of SOA were mainly from local anthropogenic sources. In addition to the spatial distribution, the carbonaceous aerosols also exhibited distinct seasonality. In northern Taiwan, the concentrations of all the three carbonaceous components (EC, POC, and SOC) reached their respective minima in the fall season. POC and EC increased drastically in winter and peaked in spring, whereas the SOC was characterized by a bimodal pattern with the maximal concentration in winter and a second mode in summertime. In southern Taiwan, minimal levels of POC and EC occurred consistently in summer and the maxima were observed in winter, whereas the SOC peaked in summer and declined in wintertime. The discrepancies in the seasonality of carbonaceous aerosols between northern and southern Taiwan were most likely caused by the seasonal meteorological settings that dominated the dispersion of air pollutants. Moreover, it was inferred that the Asian pollution outbreaks could have shifted the seasonal maxima of air pollutants from winter to spring in the northern Taiwan, and that the increases in biogenic SOA precursors and the enhancement in SOA yield were responsible for the elevated SOC concentrations in summer.

scholarly journals Diversity and Utilization of Edible Plants and Macro-Fungi in Subtropical Guangdong Province, Southern China

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juyang Liao ◽  
Linping Zhang ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Qiaoyun Li ◽  
Danxia Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Edible Plants ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Edible Parts

Food supply from forests is a fundamental component of forest ecosystem services, but information relating to suitability for human consumption and sustainable utilization of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in developing countries is lacking. To address this gap in knowledge, diverse datasets of edible plants and macro-fungi were obtained from field collections, historical publications, and community surveys across seven cities in Guangdong Province (GP), southern China. Seven edible parts and five food categories of plant species were classified according to usage and specific nutrient components. Edible plant species were also categorized into different seasons and life forms. Our results show that at least 100 plant species (with 64 plant species producing fruit) and 20 macro-fungi were commonly used as edible forest products in subtropical GP. There were 55 and 57 species providing edible parts in summer and autumn, respectively. Many edible plants had multiple uses. Tree and herbaceous species made up the majority of the total. Our study provides evidence that both edible plants and macro-fungi can enrich the food supply for residents in rural and urban areas by acting as supplemental resources. We therefore suggest that, in spite of the prevalence of imported foods due to modern infrastructure, edible NTFPs from subtropical forests might be leveraged to support the increasing demand for food in an era of rapid urbanization and global change.

scholarly journals High index of suspicion for brucellosis in a highly cosmopolitan city in southern China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Yan Ye ◽  
Fan-Fan Xing ◽  
Jin Yang ◽  
Simon Kam-Fai Lo ◽  
Ricky Wing-Tong Lau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Clinical Specimen ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Brucella Strain ◽  
Maldi Tof Ms ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Chest Wall Abscess ◽  
Tof Ms

Abstract Background: Brucellosis is one of the most widespread zoonosis in the world. In China, 90% of human brucellosis occurs in six northern agricultural provinces. However, there is a recent increase in the trend of human brucellosis in southern provinces with limited cases reported in the literature. Our study aims to describe the clinical features and epidemiology of brucellosis in a tertiary hospital in southern China. Methods: A retrospective case series of brucellosis was conducted between January 1, 2014 and October 31. 2018. Cases were identified based on positive Brucella serology by tube agglutination test, or positive culture from clinical specimen identified by Vitek 2 and MALDL-TOF MS. Clinical details of brucellosis including patients’ occupation, risk factors, and complications were analyzed. Clinical characteristics between patients from Guangdong and other provinces were also compared. Results: A total of 13 cases of laboratory-confirmed brucellosis were identified. 7 (53.8%) of the patients were male, 6 (46.2%) were female, with age ranging from 29 to 73 years old (median age: 51 years). Five patients (38.5%) were from Guangdong province, while the remaining patients (61.5%) were from other provinces. The commonest risk factors of acquisition were consumption of undercooked meat and goat placenta. Patients from Guangdong province were found to be more likely to have prior placenta consumption and handling of animal meat. The commonest clinical presentations were fever, osteoarticular pain, urinary symptoms, splenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy. Spondylodiscitis/ peripheral joint arthritis (5 patients, 38.5%) was the most prevalent complication, while extra-osteoarticular complications including abdominal aortitis, hepatosplenic abscess, chest wall abscess, and epididymo-orchitis were observed in 4 other patients. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that MALDI-TOF MS is reliable in Brucella identification after additional of reference spectra with standard Brucella strain. Conclusions: Brucellosis, previously thought to be only found in northern China, is now increasingly seen in highly cosmopolitan part of southern China. MALDI-TOF MS in hospitals in China should include reference spectra with standard Brucella strain to aid bacterial identification in routine clinical practice. In addition to tuberculosis, typhoid fever and typhus, brucellosis should be considered in patients with fever of unknown origin in this locality.

scholarly journals The Status and Associated Factors  of Early Childhood Caries among 3- to 5-year-old Children in Guangdong, Southern  China: A Provincial Cross-sectional Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianbo Li ◽  
Weihua Fan ◽  
Yueshan Zhou ◽  
Linmei Wu ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: Dental caries of deciduous teeth (Early Childhood Caries, ECC) has become a crucial oral health problem over the decades in China. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and severity of ECC among preschool children from Guangdong Province, Southern China. In addition, to assess the association of ECC with reported oral health-related behaviors.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in Guangdong Province by means of an equal-sized, stratified, multistage random sampling method. According to the standard for clinical dentition examination of the WHO 2013 criteria, the presence of ECC was determined by the dmft (decayed-missing-filled tooth) index using a CPI (Community Periodontal Index) probe. A questionnaire about caries-related factors was completed by each of the participants’ parents or grandparents through a face-to-face and one-on-one interview. Then, t-test, Chi2 tests, One-Way ANOVA served for statistical analysis, and logistic regression analysis as well as covariance analysis were executed to identify potential associated factors for ECC.Results: There were 2592 3- to 5-year-old preschool children. The prevalence (% dmft >0) of ECC was 68.3 (95% CI: 66.5-70.1), the mean dmft was 4.36 (95% CI: 4.17-4.55), and the filled rate was 1.2%. In multivariable modeling, associated factors for both prevalence and mean dmft were older age, rural areas, consumption of sweets before sleep, dental visit history, low household income, and low parental education level. Initiating toothbrushing after 3 years of age and being exclusively/ predominantly breastfed indicated only the prevalence; being female and frequently consuming sweetened milk/powdered milk indicated only the mean dmft.Conclusions: The preschool children in Guangdong Province experienced a significant amount of ECC. More attention should be given to children’s dental health for deciduous teeth. Associated factors for ECC included demographics, oral health measures, dietary factors, and socioeconomic factors.

Reports of two peculiar pigmented new species of genus Homidia (Collembola: Entomobyridae) from Southern China, with description of subadults chaetotaxy

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4671 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-380
Author(s):  
ZHI-XIANG PAN ◽  
WAN-QIN YANG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Lateral Side ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Two New Species

Two new species with peculiar pigmentation of the genus Homidia from Guangdong Province, Southern China are described here, Homidia chroma sp. nov. and Homidia leniseta sp. nov. H. chroma is characterized by chrome pigmentation on lateral side of terga, two macrochaetae on medial abdominal segment (Abd.) III and six macrochaetae on postero-medial Abd. IV, up to 68 sensory chaetae present on Abd. IV, and five apical smooth chaetae on posterior face of ventral tube. H. leniseta is easily identified by unique colour pattern, smooth labial chaetae l2, G1–4 and H1–3, and short trichobothria on Abd. II–IV. Illustrations of adults of this two new species, chaetotaxy of the first instar larvae of H. chroma and subadults of H. leniseta are provided herein. 

Prevalence and incidence of presbyopia in urban Southern China

2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (11) ◽  
pp. 1538-1542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaotong Han ◽  
Pei Ying Lee ◽  
Stuart Keel ◽  
Mingguang He
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Population ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Current Analysis ◽  
Random Cluster ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Near Visual Acuity

AimsTo investigate the prevalence and incidence of presbyopia in an urban Chinese population.Methods1817 subjects aged ≥35 years were identified by random cluster sampling in Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, China, at baseline in 2008, and all were invited for the follow-up examination in 2014. Distance and near visual acuity (VA) tests, as well as non-cycloplegic automated refraction were performed at each examination as per standardised protocol. Participants with presenting near VA ≤20/40 were further tested with add power at a standard distance of 40 cm to obtain their best-corrected near VA. Functional presbyopia was defined as near VA under presenting distance refraction correction of <20/50 and could be improved by at least one line with add power.ResultsA total of 1191 (83.5% of the 2014 follow-up) participants were included in the current analysis with a mean (SD) age of 50.4 (9.7) years, and 52.9% were female. Prevalence of functional presbyopia at baseline was 25.2% (95% CI 21.5 to 28.9) and the 6-year incidence was 42.8% (95% CI 39.4 to 50.1). Older and more hyperopic subjects had both higher prevalence and incidence of presbyopia (P<0.001). Average presbyopic correction coverage (PCC) was 87.7% at baseline and was significantly lower in myopic participants (P=0.006).ConclusionsPrevalence of functional presbyopia in urban China is relatively lower along with a higher PCC compared with previous population-based rural cohorts. We identified a high presbyopia incidence, and further studies are needed to understand longitudinal presbyopia progression as well as the urban–rural gap in presbyopia to throw light on future strategic planning.

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