CD4 (Cluster Differentiation-4) as an immune response to the portal of entry mechanism of VNN (Viral Nervous Necrosis) infection in grouper

An experiment to evaluate the effectiveness immunostimulant and bacterin on humpback grouper have been conducted at the Disease Laboratory of Research Institute for Mariculture, Gondol, Bali. The experiment was designed in completely randomized design with four treatments in duplicates. Two hundred of humpback grouper juveniles (15-18 cm of total length, 55-65 g of body weight) were injected intraperitoneally with (A) bacterine at 107 cfu/kg body weight (BW), (B) peptidoglycan at 100 mg/kg BW, and (C) immuno star at 100 ml/kg BW, (D) control. The fish were then challenged with VNN by intramuscular injection at 10 days post treatment. Results showed that survival rates of juvenile after challenged with VNN were 60.00% (B & C), 53.34% (A), and 1.67% (control). Parameters of non-spesific immune respons showed that phagocytic activities were 17.56% (B), 17.55% (C), 13.11% (A), and 9.33% (control). In addition, lisozyme activities were 1.64 cm (B), 1.58 cm (C), 1.55 cm (A), and 1.46 cm (control). Immunostimulant and bacterin stimulated non-specific immune response, and increased survival rate of humpback grouper juvenile.

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Expression of Hsp70 and β-actin Genes as The Immune Response against Viral Nervous Necrosis that Infected Asian Seabass (Lates calcalifer)

The Journal of Experimental Life Sciences ◽

10.21776/ub.jels.2018.008.03.02 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 139-146

Author(s):

Yusuf Arif Wahyudi ◽

◽

Uun Yanuhar ◽

Maftuch Maftuch

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Asian Seabass ◽

Actin Genes ◽

Viral Nervous Necrosis

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Induction of a Protective Immune Response against Viral Nervous Necrosis in the European Sea Bass Dicentrarchus labrax by Using Betanodavirus Virus-Like Particles

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.01098-06 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 80 (20) ◽

pp. 10201-10207 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

R. Thiéry ◽

J. Cozien ◽

J. Cabon ◽

F. Lamour ◽

M. Baud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Expression System ◽

Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽

Sea Bass ◽

Baculovirus Expression System ◽

Single Type ◽

European Sea Bass ◽

Virus Like Particles ◽

Viral Nervous Necrosis ◽

Baculovirus Expression

ABSTRACT Betanodaviruses are causative agents of viral nervous necrosis (VNN), a devastating disease of cultured marine fish worldwide. Virus particles contain a single type of coat protein that spontaneously assembles into virus-like particles (VLPs) when expressed in a baculovirus expression system. In the present study, the immunogenicity of betanodavirus VLPs and the protection they confer against VNN in the European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax were investigated. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and seroneutralization tests performed on plasma from fish vaccinated intramuscularly with doses as low as 0.1 μg of VLPs indicated that the VLPs elicited the synthesis of specific antibetanodavirus antibodies with neutralizing activity. Moreover, fish vaccinated with VLPs were protected from challenge with live virus. Both the immune response and the protective effect against viral challenge were dose dependent. Reverse transcription-PCR data indicated that higher doses of vaccine also reduced the number of fish containing detectable quantities of betanodavirus RNA on day 30 after challenge. Taken together these data strongly support the hypothesis that VLPs obtained in the baculovirus expression system may represent an effective vaccine against VNN.

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Potential Antivirus Viral Nervous Necrosis Methanol extract of Amphora sp. in Cantang Grouper (Epinephelus sp.)

Samakia : Jurnal Ilmu Perikanan ◽

10.35316/jsapi.v10i2.538 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 114-120

Author(s):

Ach. Khumaidi ◽

Astik Umiyah

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Absolute Methanol ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Clinical Behavior ◽

Fish Meat ◽

Viral Nervous Necrosis ◽

Best Response ◽

Test Parameters

Cantang grouper received more serious attention from grouper fish farmers due to high export interest, but the attack of viral nervous necrosis (VNN) became a major obstacle in its cultivation. This study aims to explore the antiviral potential of diatom Amphora sp. to counter the VNN attack on Cantang groupers. The method used is the extraction of Amphora sp. with absolute methanol solvent. The extraction results were tested in vivo by giving Amphora sp. with different concentrations, namely: 17 µg / ml, 33 μg / ml, 50 μg / ml, and administration of extracts by challenging the 17 μg / ml + VNN, 33 μg / ml + VNN, 50 μg / ml + VNN. Fish treated with Amphora sp. also challenged by giving VNN Positive fish meat. During the period of rearing fish observed clinical behavior and symptoms. After the fish were raised for 15 days, the fish harvested were analyzed using histology, RT-PCR, and CPI methods (using the immuno ratio software) to see the HSP immune response obtained from the administration of Amphora sp. to find out its potential as a natural antivirus. From several test parameters, the concentration of extract 50 mg / ml + VNN was given to give the best response in the CPI analysis with a DAB value (61.3%). These results indicate that the methanol extract of Amphora sp. has the potential to be used as an antiviral candidate in Cantang grouper fish.

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Respiratory and gastrointestinal epithelial modulation of the immune response during viral infection

Innate Immunity ◽

10.1177/1753425910391826 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 179-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Paul M Fitch ◽

Paul Henderson ◽

Jürgen Schwarze

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Human Body ◽

World Wide ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Adaptive Immune Response ◽

Significant Morbidity ◽

Viral Pathogens ◽

Adaptive Immune ◽

Adaptive Interface ◽

Portal Of Entry

Respiratory and enteric viral infections cause significant morbidity and mortality world-wide and represent a major socio-economic burden. Many of these viruses have received unprecedented public and media interest in recent years. A popular public misconception is that viruses are a threat to which the human body has only limited defences. However, the majority of primary and secondary exposures to virus are asymptomatic or induce only minor symptoms. The mucosal epithelial surfaces are the main portal of entry for viral pathogens and are centrally involved in the initiation, maintenance and polarisation of the innate and adaptive immune response to infection. This review describes the defences employed by the epithelium of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts during viral infections with focus on epithelial modulation of the immune response at the innate/adaptive interface.

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The application of pigment-protein fraction from Nannochloropsis oculata on β-actin response of Cromileptes altivelis infected with viral nervous necrosis

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia ◽

10.19027/jai.16.1.22-32 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 22 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Uun Yanuhar ◽

Achmad Khumaidi

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Immune System ◽

Protein Fraction ◽

Antigen Processing ◽

Negative Control ◽

Nannochloropsis Oculata ◽

Viral Nervous Necrosis ◽

Normal Fish ◽

Actin Expression

ABSTRACT β-actin is a prominent protein in the immune system. An outcome from gene transcription, the protein protects against pathogen infection, such as receptor clustering, antigen internalization, and regulating vesicle for antigen processing. ß - actin expression will determine the success of immune response of the organism. This study aimed to understand the role of pigment-protein fraction (PPF) from Nannochloropsis oculata in the increase of β-actin expression in humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis infected by viral nervous necrosis (VNN). The experiment was performed with one negative control (A: normal fish) and three PPF treatments (B: fish + PPF, C: fish + VNN, and D: fish + PPF + VNN). PPF was applied through the sonde method and analyzed with immunohistochemistry technique and Immunoratio software. The results showed that PPF was able to increase β-actin expression on all treatments: A (34.9%), B (38.1%), C (39.1%), and D (51.6%). It demonstrated PPF ability to induce the increase of β-actin expression indicating an improved defense of humpback grouper C. altivelis against VNN infection. Keywords: β-actin, pigment-protein fraction, Nannochloropsis oculata, VNN ABSTRAK β-aktin adalah protein yang berfungsi penting sebagai salah satu sistem pertahanan tubuh. Protein ini merupakan hasil transkripsi dari gen yang memiliki fungsi penting dalam sistem pertahanan tubuh terhadap infeksi patogen, seperti kelompok reseptor, internalisasi antigen, dan mengatur keluar masuknya vesikel untuk pemrosesan antigen. Ekpresi β-aktin menjadi penentu berhasil atau tidaknya respons imun pada tubuh organisme. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran fraksi protein pigment (FPP) dari Nannochloropsis oculata dalam meningkatkan respons β-aktin pada ikan kerapu tikus Cromileptes altivelis yang terinfeksi viral nervous necrosis (VNN). Pengamatan dilakukan pada empat percobaan yaitu, satu kontrol (A : ikan normal) dan tiga perlakuan FPP (B : ikan + FPP, C: ikan + VNN, dan D: ikan + VNN + FPP). Pemberian FPP menggunakan metode sonde dan analisis hasil penelitian menggunakan teknik imunohistokimia dan Immunoratio. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengiduksian FPP mampu meningkatkan ekpresi β-aktin yaitu A (34,9%), B (38,1%), C (39,1%), dan D (51,6%). Hal tersebut menunjukan FPP mampu menjadi inducer yang baik untuk peningkatan ekpresi β-aktin. Meningkatnya ekspresi β-aktin bisa dijadikan sebagai indikator pertahanan tubuh ikan kerapu tikus C. altivelis terhadap infeksi VNN. Kata kunci: β-aktin, fraksi protein pigmen, Nannochloropsis oculata, VNN

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