scholarly journals Resistance varieties and pattern of disease progress of rust (Pucciana horiana p. henn) in Chrysanthemum

2021 ◽  
Vol 883 (1) ◽  
pp. 012023
Author(s):  
Y A Bety ◽  
R Pangestuti
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Disease Progress ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Generative Phase ◽  
Flower Quality

Abstract Rust is a major disease in chrysanthemum, which causes degradation of flower quality and results in up to 100% yield loss. Out of all the available strategies, breeding for host-plant resistance and knowledge of the pattern of disease progression in each variety is an effective strategy to control rust disease. The disease progress figured out the level of disease severity from time to time. It would be as guidance to control the disease, especially pesticide application. Six national superior and one introduced varieties were tested for their rust resistance. The varieties were studied to know the pattern of disease progression in each variety from vegetative to generative phase. The study was conducted from August 2014 to January 2015 in the plastic house of chrysanthemum plantation at Garung sub-District, Wonosobo regency, one of the centers chrysanthemum production in Central Java. The disease intensity was measured at 30, 60, and 90 days after planting. The results relayed that based on the rate of disease progress and the average of disease intensity, it could be identified that the superior national varieties of chrysanthemum, Kusumaswasti, Marimar, and Yulimar were more resistant to rust than the four other varieties tested. The rate of disease progress and the level of disease intensity of rust by the plant age determined the resistance of the chrysanthemum varieties to rust. Moreover, the result showed that each variety had a different rate and pattern of disease progression and could be used to control rust effectively.

scholarly journals Coupling Disease-Progress-Curve and Time-of-Infection Functions for Predicting Yield Loss of Crops

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 788-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Madden ◽  
G. Hughes ◽  
M. E. Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Short Time Interval ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Disease Progress ◽  
Time Of Infection ◽  
Over Time

A general approach was developed to predict the yield loss of crops in relation to infection by systemic diseases. The approach was based on two premises: (i) disease incidence in a population of plants over time can be described by a nonlinear disease progress model, such as the logistic or monomolecular; and (ii) yield of a plant is a function of time of infection (t) that can be represented by the (negative) exponential or similar model (ζ(t)). Yield loss of a population of plants on a proportional scale (L) can be written as the product of the proportion of the plant population newly infected during a very short time interval (X′(t)dt) and ζ(t), integrated over the time duration of the epidemic. L in the model can be expressed in relation to directly interpretable parameters: maximum per-plant yield loss (α, typically occurring at t = 0); the decline in per-plant loss as time of infection is delayed (γ; units of time-1); and the parameters that characterize disease progress over time, namely, initial disease incidence (X0), rate of disease increase (r; units of time-1), and maximum (or asymptotic) value of disease incidence (K). Based on the model formulation, L ranges from αX0 to αK and increases with increasing X0, r, K, α, and γ-1. The exact effects of these parameters on L were determined with numerical solutions of the model. The model was expanded to predict L when there was spatial heterogeneity in disease incidence among sites within a field and when maximum per-plant yield loss occurred at a time other than the beginning of the epidemic (t > 0). However, the latter two situations had a major impact on L only at high values of r. The modeling approach was demonstrated by analyzing data on soybean yield loss in relation to infection by Soybean mosaic virus, a member of the genus Potyvirus. Based on model solutions, strategies to reduce or minimize yield losses from a given disease can be evaluated.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification Rust Pathogens and the Study of Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Gene Expression under Rust Infection in Zoysia japonica

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1200
Author(s):  
Di Zhang ◽  
Hanguo Zeng ◽  
Liyuan Zhao ◽  
Jiaming Yue ◽  
Xiao Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Rust Pathogens ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

The goal of this study was to identify the zoysiagrass rust pathogens and to analyze the differences in rust-resistant and rust-susceptible Zoysia japonica germplasm upon inoculation. Based on the assessment of spore morphology and 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) molecular identification, the zoysiagrass rust pathogen was identified as Puccinia zoysiae Diet. The development of mycelium, the rate of spreading, and the timing of spore production were more delayed in the rust-resistant (RR) genotype than the rust-susceptible (RS) genotype. After inoculation, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) initially decreased, then increased in both the RR and RS genotypes, but the increased enzyme activities were faster in the RR than in the RS genotype. Rust resistance was positively correlated with antioxidant enzyme activity. The observed changes in CAT, POD and APX activity corresponded to their gene expression levels. The results of this study may be utilized in accurately evaluating the damage of rust disease and rust-resistance in zoysiagrass germplasm aimed at breeding the rust-resistant zoysiagrass varieties and improving disease management of zoysiagrass turf.

scholarly journals Disease Progress and Yield Loss of Potato Late Blight Caused by Pntytophthora Infestans in Organic Farming Fields

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoung-Yul Ryu ◽  
Hyeong-Jin Jee ◽  
Do-Hoi Choi ◽  
Jeong-Uk Cheon ◽  
Jong-Tae Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Potato Late Blight ◽  
Disease Progress

A simulation analysis of crop yield loss due to rust disease

1977 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.S. Teng ◽  
M.J. Blackie ◽  
R.C. Close
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Crop Yield Loss

scholarly journals The Main Disease and its Attacks in the Generative Phase of Maize (Zea Mays L) in the Freshwater Swamps of South Sumatra

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-201
Author(s):  
Harman Hamidson ◽  
Riski Anwar Efendi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Maize Leaf ◽  
Maize Leaves ◽  
Puccinia Polysora ◽  
Generative Phase ◽  
Orange Color

In South Sumatra, the ​​freshwater swamps is 157,846 hectares, with this wide freshwater swamps, it can be used for crops food  cultivation, one of which is maize. The purpose of this study was to provide information on the identification and attack of maize disease in freshwater swamps of South Sumatra. The research method was purposive sampling. The results of the study identification that the symptoms of maize leaf rust attack, seen from the physiology of maize leaves, were the lumps or pustules of orange color such as rust and the symptoms of maize leaf blight seen from the physiology of maize leaves, were small oval brownish lines like burning leaves. The leaf rust disease had an attack rate of 90% and the maize leaf blight reached 98%. Based on the results of this study, the main disease of maize attacking in the generative phase was the leaf rust (Puccinia polysora) and maize leaf blight (Bipolaris maydis).

Keragaman Jenis dan Kelimpahan Populasi Penggerek Batang Padi dan Serangga Lain Berpotensi Hama Pada Ekosistem Sawah Organik

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Mochamad Hadi ◽  
RC Hidayat Soesilohadi ◽  
FX Wagiman ◽  
Yayuk Rahayuningsih Soehardjono
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Population Abundance ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Organic Rice ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Rice Stem Borer ◽  
Generative Phase

Rice stem borer is a main pest of paddy rice in Central Java. The main rice stem borer are yellow rice borer, Scirpophaga incertulas Walker, and white rice borer, S. innonata Walker. Other species are pink borer Sesamia inferens Walker, striped rice borer Chilo suppressalis Walker, dark-headed rice borer, C. polychrysus Meyrick, and glossy rice borer, C. auricilius Dudgeon. Besides rice stem borer, there are many other insect which are potential as rice pest, i.e., grasshopper, rice ear bug, brown planthopper, etc. Organic agriculture in Central Java have not been applied yet, hence there is still lack of information, including species diversity information and abundance of rice stem borer population and other potential insect pest on rice. Species diversity and population abundance of rice stem borer and other potential insect in organic rice ecosystem differ with the inorganic one. The objective of this research is to study species diversity and abundance of rice stem borer population and other potential pest in organic rice ecosystem. The study was conducted in organic rice of Bakalrejo Village, Susukan Sub district, District of Semarang. Species diversity and population abundance was analyzed using Shanon-Wiener’s species diversity index (H’), population abundance index (Di), and population evenness index (e). Pattern of  species diversity, population abundance, population evenness were temporally analyzed using population dynamic curve. Sampling of species diversity and population abundance was performed during a crop planting season with twice of sampling frequency. The result shows that rice stem borer found  were yellow rice borer with its population fluctuated temporally and pink rice borer with  its population were few and scarce. The highest diversity found during rice generative phase until ripen and decline in line with the age of rice. Species diversity index in vegetative phase was below 2, while during generative phase until ripen increased above 2. Insect population abundance declined in the end vegetative phase and increased in the beginning of reproductive phase until ripen phase. Population evenness index in all growth phase of rice were relatively high and similar. Keywords : organic rice, rice stem borer, insect pest of rice.

Targeting test environments and rust-resistant genotypes in lentils (Lens culinaris) by using heritability-adjusted biplot analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Parihar ◽  
Ashwani K. Basandrai ◽  
K. P. S. Kushwaha ◽  
S. Chandra ◽  
K. D. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Gge Biplot ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Ge Interaction ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Biplot Analysis ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Lentil rust incited by the fungus Uromyces viciae-fabae is a major impedance to lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) production globally. Host-plant resistance is the most reliable, efficient and viable strategy among the various approaches to control this disease. In this study, 26 lentil genotypes comprising advanced breeding lines and released varieties along with a susceptible check were evaluated consecutively for rust resistance under natural incidence for two years and at five test locations in India. A heritability-adjusted genotype main effect plus genotype × environment interaction (HA-GGE) biplot program was used to analyse disease-severity data. The results revealed that, among the interactive factors, the GE interaction had the greatest impact (27.81%), whereas environment and genotype showed lower effects of 17.2% and 20.98%, respectively. The high GE variation made possible the evaluation of the genotypes at different test locations. The HA-GGE biplot method identified two sites (Gurdaspur and Pantnagar) as the ideal test environments in this study, with high efficiency for selection of durable and rust-resistant genotypes, whereas two other sites (Kanpur and Faizabad) were the least desirable test environments. In addition, the HA-GGE biplot analysis identified three distinct mega-environments for rust severity in India. Furthermore, the analysis identified three genotypes, DPL 62, PL 165 and PL 157, as best performing and durable for rust resistance in this study. The HA-GGE biplot analysis recognised the best test environments, restructured the ecological zones for lentil-rust testing, and identified stable sources of resistance for lentil rust disease, under multi-location and multi-year trials.

scholarly journals Mining of Leaf Rust Resistance Genes Content in Egyptian Bread Wheat Collection

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1378
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. M. Atia ◽  
Eman A. El-Khateeb ◽  
Reem M. Abd El-Maksoud ◽  
Mohamed A. Abou-Zeid ◽  
Arwa Salah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Lr Genes ◽  
Slow Rusting

Wheat is a major nutritional cereal crop that has economic and strategic value worldwide. The sustainability of this extraordinary crop is facing critical challenges globally, particularly leaf rust disease, which causes endless problems for wheat farmers and countries and negatively affects humanity’s food security. Developing effective marker-assisted selection programs for leaf rust resistance in wheat mainly depends on the availability of deep mining of resistance genes within the germplasm collections. This is the first study that evaluated the leaf rust resistance of 50 Egyptian wheat varieties at the adult plant stage for two successive seasons and identified the absence/presence of 28 leaf rust resistance (Lr) genes within the studied wheat collection. The field evaluation results indicated that most of these varieties demonstrated high to moderate leaf rust resistance levels except Gemmeiza 1, Gemmeiza 9, Giza162, Giza 163, Giza 164, Giza 165, Sids 1, Sids 2, Sids 3, Sakha 62, Sakha 69, Sohag 3 and Bany Swif 4, which showed fast rusting behavior. On the other hand, out of these 28 Lr genes tested against the wheat collection, 21 Lr genes were successfully identified. Out of 15 Lr genes reported conferring the adult plant resistant or slow rusting behavior in wheat, only five genes (Lr13, Lr22a, Lr34, Lr37, and Lr67) were detected within the Egyptian collection. Remarkedly, the genes Lr13, Lr19, Lr20, Lr22a, Lr28, Lr29, Lr32, Lr34, Lr36, Lr47, and Lr60, were found to be the most predominant Lr genes across the 50 Egyptian wheat varieties. The molecular phylogeny results also inferred the same classification of field evaluation, through grouping genotypes characterized by high to moderate leaf rust resistance in one cluster while being highly susceptible in a separate cluster, with few exceptions.

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