scholarly journals Biological activity of meadow-chernozem and sod-taiga permafrost soils of the Yeravninsky basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 885 (1) ◽  
pp. 012065
Author(s):  
Ts D-Ts Korsunova ◽  
E E Valova
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Optimal Combination ◽  
Diagnostic Assessment ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Cellulose Decomposition ◽  
Permafrost Soils ◽  
Taiga Soils ◽  
Biological State ◽  
Microbiological Indicators

Abstract The biological and biochemical parameters of two types of permafrost soils of the Yeravninsky basin (the carbon content of the microbial mass, different groups of microorganisms, protease, catalase and the intensity of cellulose decomposition) were studied, depending on the water-thermal properties and the type of soil formation. It is established that permafrost soils do not have an optimal combination of potential and real (actual) enzymatic activity. It is also noted that the acidic reaction of the soil solution and the low availability of nutrients in sod-taiga soils increases the development of fungal microflora. The most significant soil-ecological factor that determines the microbiological activity of meadow-chernozem and sod-taiga permafrost soils is humidity, as evidenced by a direct correlation. In turn, these microbiological indicators can be used for diagnostic assessment of the biological state of soils, and also, along with other soil properties, should be taken into account when developing methods to increase the productivity of existing hayfields and pastures on them.

scholarly journals Natural resumption of pine trees on the cuttings of the Middle Priangarya due to the peculiarities of forest soil

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-118
Author(s):  
А.П. Смирнов ◽  
А.А. Смирнов ◽  
П.В. Богачев
Keyword(s):  
Granulometric Composition ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Permafrost Soils

Исследования последующего возобновления проводились на вырубках 5-15-летнего возраста в Северном лесничестве Усть-Илимского района Иркутской области. Основное внимание было уделено подросту сосны, как самой распространенной и наиболее эксплуатируемой хвойной породе. На почвенных прикопках измерялась мощность гумусового горизонта А1 и лесной подстилки А0, а также определялся гранулометрический состав верхних минеральных горизонтов почв. Выявлено отсутствие значимой корреляции густоты подроста сосны с отношением мощности А1/А0 осолоделых красно-бурых длительно-сезонно-мерзлотных почв региона, сформированных в условиях резкой континентальности климата, преобладания испарения над осадками, богатства материнской породы обменным кальцием, магнием и натрием. Установлена высокая обратная корреляция численности подроста сосны с «утяжелением» гранулометрического состава почв от супеси к среднему суглинку. Наибольшее количество подроста (3-5 тыс. экз./га) выявлено в исходных сосняках с почвами супесчаного, реже – легкосуглинистого механического состава. На почвах легко- и среднесуглинистых сосны значительно меньше, в составе подроста господствуют береза и осина. Подрост сосны практически отсутствует на относительно богатых суглинистых почвах в исходных пихтарниках, ельниках, лиственничниках. Отношение А1/А0, в силу особенностей формирования почв в районе исследований, не играет определяющей роли в успешности последующего возобновления сосны на вырубках. Studies of the subsequent resumption were carried out on the cuttings of 5-15-year-olds in the Northern Forestry of The Ust-Ilim district of Irkutsk region. The focus was on the growth of the pine tree as the most common and most exploited coniferous breed. The soil excavations measured the thickness of the A1 humus horizon and the forest litter A0, as well as the granulometric composition of the upper mineral horizons of the soils. The absence of a significant correlation between the density of the pine grower with the ratio of the thickness of A1/A0 of the osolode-made red-brown longseason-permafrost soils of the region, formed in conditions of sharp continentality of the climate, the predominance of evaporation over precipitation, the wealth of the mother breed exchange calcium, magnesium and sodium. There is a high inverse correlation of the number of the growth of pine with the "weighting" of the granulometric composition of soils from the sandy loam to the average loam. The largest number of teenagers (3-5 thousand ex./ha) was found in the original pines with the soils of the supine, less often – lightly coglinish mechanical composition. On the soils of light- and medium-sougling pines are much smaller, in the teenage part of the birch and aspen dominate. The growth of pine is practically absent on relatively rich loamy soils in the original firs, spruce trees, larch. The A1/A0 ratio, due to the peculiarities of soil formation in the research area, does not play a decisive role in the success of the subsequent resumption of pine cuttings.

scholarly journals Transformation of land resources as a result of anthropogenic impact

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 06002
Author(s):  
Elena Sivak ◽  
Svetlana Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Formation ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Soil Processes ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Microbiological Processes ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
One Year

The article examined temporary matrices of transformation of soil processes related to the activity of microorganisms and humus in comparison with maternal matrices depending on age characteristics of man. The resulting match in value and productivity, from one year to 15 years, from 15 years to 40 years, from 40 years to 65 years, led to the idea of comparing human growth with soil zonal; Weights with indicators of activity of microbiological soil processes; Intelligence with active humus; Age with dynamics of development of temporary matrices on humus and microbiological activity. The dynamics of transformation of organic substances of upper soil horizons under the influence of agricultural use according to the general humus, taking into account their genesis, covers the period from 15 to 46 years; And on microbiological processes from 3 to 66 years. The conclusion is that the identification of human development with the development of soil-formation processes depending on their genesis brings us closer to a true understanding of our appearance, as a species possessing the power that can change the surrounding world through the noosphere in accordance with certain standards of transmutation.

Experimental study of pipeline movements in permafrost soils

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
T.S. Sultanmagomedov ◽  
◽  
R.N. Bakhtizin ◽  
S.M. Sultanmagomedov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Strain State ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Permafrost Soils

In article present the developed methodology will allow monitoring pipeline displacements under changes in operating conditions, as well as simulating unfavorable processes (thawing of soil, formation of taliks, violation of thermal insulation). The planning of the experiment was carried out to obtain the calculated mechanical characteristics of the soil, depending on the temperature and humidity, used to calculate the stress-strain state of the pipeline. A mathematical computer model has been developed to determine the radius and temperature field of the thawing halo around the pipeline. A template for displaying experimental data for their use in the finite element analysis of pipeline displacements during soil thawing is presented.

scholarly journals The Contents and Distributions of Natural Radionuclides 238U, 232Th, 40K in Permafrost Soils of Central Yakutia

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
Alexander P. Chevychelov ◽  
Peter I. Sobakin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Meadow Steppe ◽  
Permafrost Soils ◽  
Profile Distribution ◽  
Soil Clay ◽  
Humus Accumulation ◽  
High Level

The present study addresses the contents and distributions of natural radionuclides 238U, 232Th, and 40K in six main types (subtypes) of soils that have developed in friable alluvial sandy deposits within various layers of the topography of the Central Yakutian Plain. The minimum concentrations of these radionuclides are registered in forest soils of the eluvial type that have developed on weathered sandy deposits of the high level, whereas the maximum concentrations are detected in forest pale-yellow and meadow-steppe soils that have developed on loess-like carbonate loams of the middle level and in polymictic sands of the lower level of the plain, respectively. In addition to the structure of soil forming rocks, the soil formation processes in these soils, such as humus accumulation, podsolization, bleaching, and intra-soil clay deposition have a significant effect on the contents and distributions of 238U, 232Th, and 40K. In the soils examined in this study, 40K distribution followed the eluvial and uniform patterns, whereas the intra-profile distribution of 238U and 232Th was more variable, following the accumulative, eluvial, accumulative eluvial, accumulative eluvial-illuvial, and accumulative illuvial patterns. We have revealed statistically significant correlations between 238U and 232Th contents and soil contents of humus, clay, and silt

Vancomycin and daptomycin stability in heparin or sodium citrate lock solutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 112972982110458
Author(s):  
Julia Bodega-Azuara ◽  
Maria Dolores Bellés-Medall ◽  
Josep Edo-Peñarrocha ◽  
Raúl Ferrando-Piqueres ◽  
Alejandro Perez-Alba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Stability ◽  
Hospital Pharmacy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Optimal Combination ◽  
Pharmacy Services ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Background: We investigated physical and chemical stability of daptomycin and vancomycin in heparin or sodium citrate lock solutions. The aim of this study was to find the optimal combination of antimicrobials and additives for lock solutions, which maximized patient safety. Methods: Vancomycin and daptomycin were diluted with heparin or sodium citrate to achieve final concentrations of vancomycin-heparin 2.5 mg/mL–833.33 U/mL, vancomycin-citrate 2.5–33.3 mg/mL, daptomycin-heparin 5 mg/mL–800 U/mL, and daptomycin-citrate 5–32 mg/mL and they were stored at room temperature (+25°C), 4°C, −20°C, and 37°C. Physical and chemical stability were analyzed for each antibiotic-anticoagulant combination in all conditions immediately after preparation, at 24, 48, 72 h and at different time points until unstable concentrations were obtained. Daptomycin-sodium citrate microbiological activity was also studied by evaluating two Staphylococcus aureus cultures in a calcium enriched medium with a daptomycin E test, with and without sodium citrate. Results: After incubation at 37°C vancomycin and daptomycin combined with heparin retained at least 90% of the initial concentration over 48 h. Vancomycin-sodium citrate solution stored at 37°C reduced more than 10% of the initial concentration at 24 h. On the other hand, daptomycin-sodium citrate preparation was stable at 37°C for 72 h but the microbiological activity of daptomycin was lower in the presence of sodium citrate. Conclusions: The purpose is to prepare vancomycin and daptomycin lock solutions combined with heparin. They should be changed at 48 h and its stability is over 3 days at 25°C and 7 days at 4°C, which allow Hospital Pharmacy Services to manage their stocks. Daptomycin-sodium citrate combination is more stable for extended periods but its bioactivity has not been demonstrated.

Soil formation and initial microbiological activity on a foreland of an Arctic glacier (SW Svalbard)

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 34-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Górniak ◽  
Henryk Marszałek ◽  
Monika Kwaśniak-Kominek ◽  
Grzegorz Rzepa ◽  
Maciej Manecki
Keyword(s):  
Soil Formation ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Arctic Glacier

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF FROST PENETRATION AND CRYOGENESIS ON SOIL PROPERTIES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.И. САВИЧ ◽  
С.Л. БЕЛОПУХОВ ◽  
П.Н. БАЛАБКО ◽  
А.Е. СОРОКИН ◽  
И.И. ДМИТРЕВСКАЯ
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Adsorption Complex ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Taiga Soils ◽  
Frost Penetration

Изучено влияние низких температур на изменение процессов ионного обмена в исследуемых почвах, изменение растворимости малорастворимых и труднорастворимых соединений. В качестве объекта были выбраны мерзлотно-таежные почвы, характерные для Якутии. Замораживание почвенных растворов сопровождается увеличением концентрации ионов в незамерзшей части, разрушением алюмосиликатов, изменением прочности связи воды с почвенно-поглощающим комплексом. Это проявляется в инфракрасных спектрах, дериватограммах, а эффект был зависим от продолжительности и кратности промораживания. Замерзание верхней части почвенного профиля при наличии многолетней мерзлоты приводит к развитию тиксотропии. Установлено, что интенсивность развития этих процессов отличается для почв разного гранулометрического и минералогического состава, гумусированности, для органических и минеральных горизонтов. Содержание катионов водорастворимых солей в замерзших и незамерзших почвенных растворах мерзлотно-таежных почв составляло соответственно К – 4,7±2,5 и 42,8±28,5 мг/л; Са – 0,2±0,1 и 3,2±1,4; Fе – 0,04±0,01 и 0,38±0,03 мг/л. Эти отличия были характерны для отдельных горизонтов почв. Замерзшая часть раствора менее минерализована, незамерзшая часть содержит большие концентрации элементов. Обсуждается роль многолетней мерзлоты в процессах почвообразования. Низкие температуры профиля и сниженная биологическая активность обуславливают специфику протекания реакций ионного обмена, изменение растворимости осадков, создание водоупора. Эти процессы способствуют аккумуляции веществ в надмерзлотном слое, возникновению новых градиентов и геохимических барьеров в почвенном профиле. Наблюдается локальное развитие почвообразования в слое, образующемся над вечной мерзлотой, при отсутствии промывного водного режима. Low temperatures lead to alterations of ion exchange processes in the soil, fallout solubility. As an object, permafrost-taiga soils characteristic of Yakutia were chosen. The soil solution freezing is provided with ion densification in unfrozen parts, alumosilicate damage, change of bond strengths between water and the soil adsorption complex, infrared spectra, thermograms. Freeze-up of the upper soil profile in the presence of permafrost causes tixotropy development. However, the rate of these processes development differs for the soils of different granulometric and mineralogical content, high humus content, for organic and mineral horizons. At this rate, the water-soluble cation content in frozen and unfrozen soil solutions of cryomorphic-taiga soils was К – 4,7±2,5 and 42,8±28,5 mg/l; Са – 0,2±0,1 and 3,2±1,4; Fе – 0,04±0,01 and 0,38±0,03 mg/l accordingly. These distinctions were typical for certain soil horizons. Frost penetration of the soils modified their thermograms and infrared spectra. The effect depended on the persistency and frequency of the frost penetration. The frozen part of the solution is less mineralized, the unfrozen part contains large concentrations of elements. The role of permafrost in soil formation is discussed. Low profile temperatures and reduced biological activity determine the specifics of the ion exchange reactions, changes in the solubility of precipitation, the creation of a water seal. These processes contribute to the accumulation of substances in the permafrost layer, the emergence of new gradients and geochemical barriers in the soil profile. There is a local development of soil formation in the layer formed over permafrost, in the absence of washing type of water regime.

scholarly journals Microbiological Indicators of Meadow-Brown Soils of Natural Cenoses

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Vafa Mamedzade ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
Microbiological Indicators ◽  
Humid Subtropics

The article presents data on microbiological indicators of meadow-brown soils of semi-humid subtropics of the Lenkoran region. Meadow-brown soils are typical representatives of a number of hydromorphic soils of Azerbaijan. These soils are formed under sparse forests and shrub plantations with well-developed herbage. The soil-forming rocks are deluvial-proluvial deposits of clay composition. The influence of groundwater and surface runoff on soil formation is periodic. In the described soils, biological processes, including the activity of microorganisms, take place at moderate moisture level (10–25%) and temperature (18–23 °C). The paper presents a comparative analysis of the total number of microorganisms (in a layer of 0–50 cm) between typical meadow-brown, meadow-brown leached, meadow-gray-brown and gray-earth-meadow soils. We have shown changes in the total amount of microbiota for individual horizons of meadow-brown soils. Changes in the quantitative indicators of the microbiota of the studied soils also affect their overall biogenicity. A close relationship has been established between humus and the number of microorganisms. As the humus decreases in individual horizons, an adequate decrease in the number of microbiota is noted. If in 0–5 cm, 5–10 cm, 10–15 cm layers the amount of microbiota varied between 6,13–5,83–4,81 million per gram of soil, then in deeper layers of 15–20 cm, 20–25 cm, 30–40 cm, 35–50 cm, their number gradually decreases to 3,9–3,10–2,65–1,81–1,52 million per gram of soil.

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