scholarly journals Physical and Mechanical Properties of Natural Fiber Polyester Laminate Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 891 (1) ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
Ismadi ◽  
S S Munawar ◽  
S S Kusumah ◽  
B Subiyanto ◽  
D Purnomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Double Layers ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Fiber Sheet ◽  
Laminate Sheet

Abstract The utilization of natural fibers as reinforcing composites has been widely used. Indonesia has natural fibers abundantly such as ijuk fiber (Arenga pinnata), sisal fiber (Agave Sisalana) and coconut fiber (Cocos Nucifera). Random orientation application of the fiber in composites affected to the lower properties. Therefore, the particular orientation of fibres wereapplied in manufacturing of composite by laminating the short fiber with Polyurethane (PU) adhesive. The size and moisture content (MC) of fiber were 14-15 cm and +10%, respectively. The resin content of PU was 5% by weight of the laminate sheet. The mixture of fibers and PU adhesive was cold pressed for 5 minutes with a thickness of 0.5-1 mm. The laminate sheet of PU-adhesive fibers then mixed with unsaturated polyester resin layer by layer. The fiber laminate composition of composite was varieted such as 1, 2 and 3 layers. The hand layup method was used in the manufacturing of the composite. The physical and mechanical testing like density, moisture content, water absorption, thickness swelling, flexural test (adapt to ASTM D 790 standard) and tensile test (adapt to ASTM D 638 standard) were carried out. In additionmorphological analyses were investigated on composite samples. The results research showed that the net density of polyester, ijuk fiber sheet, sisal fiber sheet, and coconut fiber sheet were 1.21, 0.9, 0.53 and 0.22 g/cm3. The range of composite density was 0.99-1.15 g/cm3. The single layer composite had lower thickness swelling and water absorption than those of the three layers composite. The highest tensile strength of three layers of sisal fiber composite was higher (33.84 MPa) than that of the three layers of coconut fiber composite (12.04 MPa). The flexural strength of double layers composite from fiber sisal was higher (63.16 MPa) than that of three layers coconut fiber composite (28.65 MPa).

Water absorption and thickness swelling behavior of almond (Prunus amygdalus L.) shell particles and coconut (Cocos nucifera) fiber hybrid epoxy-based biocomposite

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
Prakash Chandra Gope ◽  
Vinay K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Almond Shell ◽  
Agricultural Residue ◽  
Agriculture Waste ◽  
Shell Particles ◽  
Socioeconomic Benefits

AbstractIn this research, the suitability of almond shell and coconut fiber as a renewable agricultural residue for the manufacturing of biocomposite to be used as a replacement of wood was investigated. The use of agriculture waste as a reinforcement in composite may result in several environmental and socioeconomic benefits. A biocomposite containing different weight percentages of almond shell particle (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt%) and coconut fiber (2, 4, and 6 wt%) mixed with 20 wt% almond shell particles was made using epoxy resin and 0.5 wt% tricresyl phosphate. The water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS), and morphology [scanning electron microscopy (SEM)] test of the biocomposite were determined. The rate of WA is less in saline water (SW) compared to rainwater (RW). The influence of the addition of coconut fiber is more compared with the almond shell particles for both the WA and TS.

Thickness Swelling and Water Absorption Character of Laminate Floor

2013 ◽  
Vol 750-752 ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
Hai Xia Yu ◽  
Chong Rong Fang ◽  
Man Ping Xu ◽  
Rong Qiang Tang
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Test Specimen ◽  
Internal Bond ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Floor Coverings

Laminate floor coverings, with fiberboard in the middle layer, are hygroscopic which caused potential dimension instability. The paper tested thickness swelling (TS) and water absorption (WA) of 10 commercial laminate floors (LF) according to G/T 18102-2007 (GB/T) and LY/T 1611-2011(LY/T) and analyzed correlation between them. The results show that TS obtained by the GB/T method differed significantly from LY/T methods at the initial 14 days. 7d-TS and 7d-WA values of test specimen measuring 50 by 50mm both correlated well with internal bond (IB). For both kinds of test methods, the moisture content almost reached saturation at 28 days.

scholarly journals Hybrid Cellulose-Glass Fiber Composites for Automotive Applications

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annandarajah ◽  
Langhorst ◽  
Kiziltas ◽  
Grewell ◽  
Mielewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Hybrid Fibers ◽  
Glass Fiber Composites

: In the recent years, automakers have been striving to improve the carbon footprint of their vehicles. Sustainable composites, consisting of natural fibers, and/or recycled polymers have been developed as a way to increase the “green content” and reduce the weight of a vehicle. In addition, recent studies have found that the introduction of synthetic fibers to a traditional fiber composite such as glass filled plastics, producing a composite with multiple fillers (hybrid fibers), can result in superior mechanical properties. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of hybrid fibers on characterization and material properties of polyamide-6 (PA6)/polypropylene (PP) blends. Cellulose and glass fibers were used as fillers and the mechanical, water absorption, and morphological properties of composites were evaluated. The addition of hybrid fibers increased the stiffness (tensile and flexural modulus) of the composites. Glass fibers reduced composite water absorption while the addition of cellulose fibers resulted in higher composite stiffness. The mechanical properties of glass and cellulose filled PA6/PP composites were optimized at loading levels of 15 wt% glass and 10 wt% cellulose, respectively.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK PAPAN PARTIKEL KULIT BUAH KAKAO (Theobroma cacao L.) PADA VARIASI KONSENTRASI PEREKAT POLYVINYL ACETATE

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
I Gusti Made Teddy Pradana ◽  
Bambang Admadi Harsojuwono ◽  
Amna Hartiati
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Polyvinyl Acetate ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Particle Board ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husk ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L ◽  
Test Result

The aims of this study were to know the characteristic of particle board cocoa-pod husk on variation of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) adhesive concentration, and to have the best concentration polyvinyl acetate adhesive in particle board from cocoa-pod husk. The experiments in this study used a single factor with regression analysis. The factors are the concentration of polyvinyl acetate adhesive, that is 35%, 37.5%, 40%, 42.5%, 45% dan 47.5%. The fisis test results showed that concentration of polyvinyl acetate adhesive had upward trend on density and downward trend on moisture content, water absorption, and thickness swelling. The mechanical test result showed that concentration of polyvinyl acetate adhesive on concentration 47.5% had the best treatment. The best treatmest of particle board from cocoa-pod husk is made by used 47.5% polyvinyl acetate adhesive with density 0.48 g/cm3, moisture content 8,64%, water absorption 155.85%, thickness swelling 13.34% in fisis test and with MOE 44.07 kg/cm2, MOR 1.38 kg/cm2 and compressive strength parallel 2.36 kg/cm2 in mechanical test. Key words: particle board, cocoa-pod husk, polyvinyl acetate

scholarly journals Binderless MDF from Hydroxymethylated Kenaf Pulp

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Nyoman J Wistara ◽  
Wulan Starini ◽  
Fauzi Febrianto ◽  
Gustan Pari
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Board Density ◽  
Oh Groups

Modified lignin with improved reactivity can be a potential alternative for synthetic phenol formaldehyde resin for the adhesive of wood composite. Direct hydroxymethylation of kenaf in the present experiments was intended to increase lignin reactivity, and therefore was expected to result in satisfying properties of binderless MDF. The stem of kenaf was refined in a disk refiner and the refined fibers were hydroxymethylated in various levels of alkalinity. The concentration of NaOH during hydroxymethylation was of 3%, 6% and 12%. Wet process was applied to produce MDF (30 cm x 30 cm x 1 cm) with target density of 0.65 g/cm³. Physical and mechanical properties of MDF were measured in accordance with the standard procedure of JIS A 5905: 2003. Chemical changes in the surface of pulp and the change of board crystallinity were evaluated by FTIR-KBr method and X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD), respectively. Density, moisture content, and screw withdrawal of the board increased with increasing of NaOH concentration. Thickness swelling, water absorption, MOE and MOR increased up to 3% concentration of NaOH. The IB and heat conductivity of MDF were not influenced by NaOH concentration. Increasing OH groups due to hydroxymethylation was thought to be the origin of high water absorption and thickness swelling of the resulting boards. Higher alkalinity during hydroxymethylation stage was likely increasing cellulose crystallinity that brought about increasing board density. However, chemical modification of the fiber was thought to be more influential to the bending strength and stiffness of the resulting fiberboard. Hydroxymethylation of kenaf pulp was successfully improved board properties. Except for the moisture content, thickness swelling and internal bonding (at 0% and 3% NaOH concentration), all properties of the MDF satisfied the requirement of JIS A 5905: 2003 (type 5) standard. MDF Tanpa Perekat dari Pulp Kenaf TerhidroksimetilasiIntisariLignin yang telah ditingkatkan reaktifitasnya dapat menjadi bahan alternatif perekat resin sintetis fenol formaldehida. Reaktivitas lignin dapat diperbaiki melalui hidroksimetilasi. Dalam penelitian ini, batang kenaf digiling menggunakan disk refiner, dan selanjutnya dilakukan hidroksimetilasi pada beragam alkalinitas. Konsentrasi NaOH yang digunakan dalam hidroksimetilasi bervariasi dari 3%, 6% dan 12%. Proses basah diterapkan untuk membuat MDF (30 cm x 30 cm x 1 cm) dengan target kerapatan 0,65 g/cm3. Sifat fisis dan mekanis MDF diukur mengikuti  prosedur standar JIS A 5905: 2003. Perubahan gugus fungsi permukaan pulp dan tingkat kristalinitas papan masing-masing dievaluasi menggunakan FTIR-metode KBr dan difraksi sinar X (XRD). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi NaOH tidak mempengaruhi IB dan konduktivitas panas MDF. Kerapatan, kadar air, dan kuat pegang sekrup cenderung meningkat dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi NaOH. Pengembangan tebal, daya serap air, MOE, dan MOR meningkat sampai dengan hidroksimetilasi dalam NaOH konsentrasi 3%. Peningkatan gugus OH serat akibat hidrosimetilasi diduga meningkatkan penyerapan air dan pengembangan tebal papan yang dihasilkan. Alkalinitas hidroksimetilasi yang lebih tinggi meningkatkan gugus cincin aromatik yang menunjukkan bahwa reaksi formaldehida berlangsung dengan lebih baik. Peningkatan alkalinitas dalam hidroksimetilasi meningkatkan kristalinitas selulosa. Peningkatan kristalinitas selulosa diduga berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan kerapatan, namun perubahan gugus kimia serat diduga lebih berpengaruh terhadap MOR dan MOE dari papan serat yang dihasilkan. Hidroksimetilasi pulp kenaf berhasil meningkatkan sifat papan. Kecuali untuk kadar air, pengembangan tebal dan IB (pada hidroksimetilasi dalam 0% dan 3% NaOH), semua sifat-sifat dari MDF yang dihasilkan memenuhi persyaratan standar JIS A 5905: 2003 (tipe 5).

Tensile and Statistical Analysis of Sisal Fibers for Natural Fiber Composite Manufacture

2015 ◽  
Vol 1115 ◽  
pp. 349-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Masudur R. Abir ◽  
S.M. Kashif ◽  
Md. Abdur Razzak
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Gage Length ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Natural Fiber Composite ◽  
Sisal Fibers

To achieve sustainability in the composite industry, natural fibers must be able to replace synthetic fibers .In this work the tensile properties of sisal fibers were determined. The relationships between tensile strength, young modulus, failure to strain and gage length was studied. Also variation in tensile strength was quantified using statistical analysis. The relationship between Weibull statistics and gage length were also investigated. The strength of the sisal fiber obtained in this work was between 255-377 MPA and decreased with an increase in gage length. The Weibull modulus obtained was similar for all gage lengths and was around 2.5.

KENAF/RECYCLED JUTE NATURAL FIBERS UNSATURATED POLYESTER COMPOSITES: WATER ABSORPTION/DIMENSIONAL STABILITY AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

2012 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 1250010 ◽  
Author(s):  
EKHLAS A. OSMAN ◽  
ANATOLI VAKHGUELT ◽  
IGOR SBARSKI ◽  
SAAD A. MUTASHER
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Fickian Diffusion ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Polyester Composites ◽  
Kenaf Composites

Effects of water absorption on the flexural properties of kenaf-unsaturated polyester composites and kenaf/recycled jute-unsaturated polyester composites were investigated. In the hybrid composites, the total fiber content was fixed to 20 wt%. In this 20 wt%, the addition of jute fiber varied from 0 to 75%, with increment of 25%. The result demonstrates the water absorption and the thickness swelling increased with increase in immersion time. Effects of water absorption on flexural properties of kenaf fiber composites can be reduced significantly with incorporation of recycled jute in composites formulation. The process of absorption of water was found to approach Fickian diffusion behavior for both kenaf composites and hybrid composites.

scholarly journals The classical mechanics engineered of Bambusa vulgaris and Schizostachyum brachycladum

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Mohamad Saiful Sulaiman ◽  
Sitti Fatimah Mhd. Ramle ◽  
Rokiah Hashim ◽  
Othman Sulaiman ◽  
Mohd Hazim Mohamad Amini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Classical Mechanics ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Flexural Test ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Bambusa Vulgaris

Physical and mechanical properties of Bambusa vulgaris and Schizostachyum brachycladum wereinvestigated. The sample were classified into two different ages which are young and mature foreach culm of bamboo. The aim of this study to investigate the physical properties such as density,basic density, moisture content, water absorption and thickness swelling. Other than that, themechanical properties also help to determine their flexural test for modulus of rupture (MOR) andmodulus of elasticity (MOE). The method used to analyse physical and mechanical properties werefollowing the ISO standard. From this study, young Bambusa vulgaris has indicated the highercontent of moisture content, water absorption and thickness swelling with 67.66%, 2.69% and34.03%, respectively while mature Schizostachyum brachycladum has shown the higher value inbasic density, density, and flexural test for MOR and MOE with 876.33 kg/m3, 1084.49 kg/m3, 317.01 N/mm2 and 122986.18 N/mm2, respectively.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF NaOH MODIFICATION ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BAOBAB POD FIBER REINFORCED LDPE COMPOSITES

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
U Shehu ◽  
MT Isa ◽  
BO Aderemi ◽  
TK Bello
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Elongation At Break

In order to improve properties of natural fibers as reinforcement, different treatment methods have being adopted by researchers. However, the use of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) for the treatment of baobab pod fiber as reinforcement in low density polyethylene is sparsely reported. Therefore, this study, investigated the effect of 2 wt%, 4 wt% 6 wt%, 8 wt% and 10 wt%  concentration of NaOH on baobab pod fibers as reinforcement for low density polyethylene (LDPE). Two roll mill machine and hydraulic press at a pressure of 10 kN and temperature of 120oC aided the production of the composite. FT-IR was used to analyze the functional groups of the treated and un-treated fibers. The result showed the disappearance of the peak 1550 cm-1 corresponding to lignin after modification. Further, the composites were characterized for the following tensile strength (TS), modulus of elasticity (MOE), elongation at break, impact strength and water absorption. Preliminary studies on the effect of loading of the unmodified baobab fiber in the LDPE matrix showed desirable properties at 10 wt%, where fiber content was in the range of 5 wt% to 30 wt% at interval of 5 wt%. The composite produced from the 8 wt% NaOH modified fiber had the highest tensile strength, MOE, elongation at break. At this modification level, the tensile strength, MOE and elongation at break were about 75.48%, 92.18% and 28% respectively higher than the composite produced from unmodified fiber. Composite produced with 10 wt% NaOH modified fiber exhibited least water absorption of 1.80%, which was 50% lower than unmodified. These showed that the modification of the fiber improved the composite properties. These properties compared favorably with some reported properties for natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v36i1.12

scholarly journals Utilization of Pitali (Trewia nudiflora) for Manufacturing Commercial Plywood in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-587
Author(s):  
M Hasan Shahria ◽  
M Ashaduzzaman ◽  
M Iftekhar Shams ◽  
Arifa Sharmin ◽  
M Muktarul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Linear Expansion ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Trewia Nudiflora

The study was conducted to find out the potentiality of Pitali (Trewia nudiflora) for manufacturing commercial plywood and evaluating its physical and mechanical properties. Two 9-ply plywood of 2.4m x 1.2m x 18mm size were manufactured using liquid urea formaldehyde adhesive. The physical and mechanical properties of T. nudiflora plywood were compared with the existing market available plywood manufactured by Simul (Bombax ceiba). It was found that density were 509.82 kg/m3 and 490.96 kg/m3, moisture content after curing were 10.67% and 17.61%, thickness swelling were 6.90% and 7.29%, linear expansion were 0.19% and 0.15%, water absorption were 50.89% and 64.79%, MOR were 29.94 N/mm2 and 27.05 N/mm2, MOE were 1613.89 N/mm2 and 1160.68 N/mm2, and tensile strength were 14.75 N/mm2 and 13.12 N/mm2 for T. nudiflora plywood and market plywood respectively. The evaluated physical and mechanical properties of T. nudiflora plywood were also compared with some relevant results and standards reported earlier. Key Words: Plywood, Trewia nudiflora, Physical properties, Mechanical properties. doi: 10.3329/bjsir.v43i4.2249 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(4),581-587, 2008

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