The content of propolis’s flavonoid from two species of stingless bee in Lombok

Abstract Today’s stingless bees are in great demand by beekeepers in Lombok. Besides producing honey, it also produces propolis which has more value. Propolis or bee glue is a substance produced by honey bees collected from the top young leaves mixed with the saliva, patch, and hive sterilization. This substance could be used for antibacterial, antivirus, antifungal, and anti-protozoa. In Lombok, apiculture for stingless bees has spread in almost every district. Northern Lombok, West Lombok, and East Lombok were the first three locations that developed stingless bees. This study aimed to identify the species of stingless bees and their propolis productivity and characteristics produced by each species. There were two species of stingless bees cultivated by the people of Lombok, Trigona clypearis and Trigona sapiens. The development of science, genus Trigona changed nomenclature into Tetragonula. The yield of propolis through extraction using water or Aqueous Extraction Propolis (AEP) produced by T. clypearis was 34-55% and T. sapiens was in the range of 3-24%. The flavonoid content equivalent to quercetin in propolis produced by T. sapiens as vary as T. clypearis. The results of this study could be used as a baseline for other propolis extraction activities to produce propolis more marketable.

Download Full-text

Population Growth and Insecticide Residues of Honey Bees in Tropical Agricultural Landscapes

Diversity ◽

10.3390/d12010001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Damayanti Buchori ◽

Akhmad Rizali ◽

Windra Priawandiputra ◽

Dewi Sartiami ◽

Midzon Johannis

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Population Growth ◽

Honey Bees ◽

Agricultural Intensification ◽

Stingless Bees ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Habitat Type ◽

Agricultural Landscapes ◽

Stingless Bee ◽

Home Garden

Global decline of pollinators, especially bees, has been documented in many countries. Several causes such as land-use change and agricultural intensification are reported to be the main drivers of the decline. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of land use on honey bee and stingless bee populations. Research was conducted in Bogor and Malang to compare between two different geographical areas. Managed bees such as honey bees (Apis cerana and A. mellifera) and stingless bees (Tetragonula laeviceps) were investigated to examine the effect of agricultural intensification. Field experiments were conducted by placing beehives in selected habitats (i.e., beekeeper gardens, forests areas, and agriculture areas). Population growth and neonicotinoid residue analysis of bees in different hive locations were measured to study the effect of habitat type. Population growth of bees represents the forager abundance and colony weight. Based on the analysis, we found that habitat type affected forager abundance and colony weight of honey bees (p < 0.05), although the patterns were different between species, region, as well as season. Forests could support the stingless bee colony better than agriculture and home garden habitats. Insecticide (neonicotinoid) was barely recorded in both honey bees and stingless bees.

Download Full-text

Occurrence and Phylogenetic Analysis of DWV in Stingless Bee (Apidae sp.) in China: A Case Report

Frontiers in Insect Science ◽

10.3389/finsc.2021.748074 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

Author(s):

Lina Zhang ◽

Yanchun Deng ◽

Hongxia Zhao ◽

Ming Zhang ◽

Chunsheng Hou

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Honey Bee ◽

Honey Bees ◽

Stingless Bees ◽

Vital Role ◽

Stingless Bee ◽

Pollination Services ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Bee Colonies ◽

Bee Viruses

Honey bees play a vital role in providing pollination services for agricultural crops and wild flowering plants. However, the spillover risk of their pathogens to other pollinators or wild insects is becoming a cause for concern. There is some evidence that stingless bees can carry honey bee viruses, but little is known about the presence of honey bee viruses in stingless bees in China. Here, we investigate the occurrence of major honey bee pathogens including bacteria, fungi, and viruses in stingless bees (Apidae: sp.). Our results show that the stingless bees (Apidae: sp.) were mainly infected with DWV-A, but no DWV-B and DWV-C. Phylogenetic analysis on fragments of lp, RdRp, and VP3 of DWV-A indicated that genetic variation in VP3 might an important indicator for host-specific viruses, but it requires further study. Our results indicated that DWV-A is not only the major strain of virus currently circulating in managed bee colonies in China and globally, but in stingless bee species as a whole.

Download Full-text

Nosema ceranae causes cellular immunosuppression and interacts with thiamethoxam to increase mortality in the stingless bee Melipona colimana

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-74209-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

José O. Macías-Macías ◽

José C. Tapia-Rivera ◽

Alvaro De la Mora ◽

José M. Tapia-González ◽

Francisca Contreras-Escareño ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Honey Bees ◽

Stingless Bees ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Stingless Bee ◽

Nosema Ceranae ◽

Limited Information ◽

Microsporidian Parasite ◽

Field Exposure ◽

Exposure Levels ◽

And Control

Abstract The microsporidian parasite Nosema ceranae and neonicotinoid insecticides affect the health of honey bees (Apis mellifera). However, there is limited information about the effect of these stressors on other pollinators such as stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Meliponini). We examined the separate and combined effects of N. ceranae and the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam at field-exposure levels on the survivorship and cellular immunity (hemocyte concentration) of the stingless bee Melipona colimana. Newly-emerged bees were subjected to four treatments provided in sucrose syrup: N. ceranae spores, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam and N. ceranae, and control (bees receiving only syrup). N. ceranae developed infections of > 467,000 spores/bee in the group treated with spores only. However, in the bees subjected to both stressors, infections were < 143,000 spores/bee, likely due to an inhibitory effect of thiamethoxam on the microsporidium. N. ceranae infections did not affect bee survivorship, but thiamethoxam plus N. ceranae significantly increased mortality. Hemocyte counts were significantly lower in N. ceranae infected-bees than in the other treatments. These results suggest that N. ceranae may infect, proliferate and cause cellular immunosuppression in stingless bees, that exposure to sublethal thiamethoxam concentrations is toxic to M. colimana when infected with N. ceranae, and that thiamethoxam restrains N. ceranae proliferation. These findings have implications on pollinators’ conservation.

Download Full-text

Identification of Plant Origin of Propolis from Thailand Stingless Bees by Comparative Analysis

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1801300813 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1934578X1801300 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eriko Ishizu ◽

Sari Honda ◽

Boonyadist Vongsak ◽

Shigenori Kumazawa

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Honey Bees ◽

High Performance ◽

Stingless Bees ◽

Reversed Phase ◽

Stingless Bee ◽

Plant Origin ◽

Garcinia Mangostana ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

Fruit Surface

Propolis is a resinous mixture of substances collected by honey bees from certain plants. It has gained popularity as a food and alternative medicine. We recently obtained Thailand stingless bee propolis. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are only a few studies on native Thailand stingless bee propolis. The purpose of this study was to analyze the composition of Thailand stingless bee propolis and to identify its plant origin. Comparative analysis of the 70% ethanol extracts of Thailand stingless bees propolis and the yellow resin from the fruit surface of Garcinia mangostana was performed using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution-electrospray mass spectrometry. The extracts showed the similar chromatographic patterns. In conclusion, we suggest that the plant origin of Thailand stingless bee propolis is the yellow resin from fruit surface of G. mangostana.

Download Full-text

Genetic diversity of two stingless bees, Trigona nigerrima (Cresson 1878) and Trigona corvina (Cockerell 1913), in coffee dominated landscapes in southern Mexico

ACTA ZOOLÓGICA MEXICANA (N S ) ◽

10.21829/azm.2015.311507 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Erik De Jesús Solórzano-Gordillo ◽

Nina Vanessa Cabrera-Marín ◽

José Mérida ◽

Remy Benoit Marie Vandame ◽

Daniel Sánchez

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Population Genetics ◽

Honey Bees ◽

Stingless Bees ◽

Stingless Bee ◽

Bumble Bees ◽

Southern Mexico ◽

Expected Heterozygosity ◽

Allele Richness ◽

Genetic Status

Stingless bees (Apidae, Meliponini) are key pollinators in natural and agricultural Pantropical environments. Current human activities, however, threaten their populations, making it urgent to assesstheir abundance and genetic status. By a population genetics approach, we calculated the genetic diversity and estimated the number of wild colonies of two stingless bee species, Trigona nigerrima (Cresson) and T. corvina (Cockerell) in southern Mexico. Allele richness ranged from 10 to 19 (mean ± SD = 14 ± 3.5) for both species. Expected heterozygosity ranged 0.88-0.93 for T. corvina and 0.82-0.92 for T. nigerrima. The estimated number of colonies estimated was 25 on average for T. corvina and 21 for T. nigerrima. According to our results populations of both species seem not to be in danger. We also show that genetic tools can be extremely useful for colony density estimation for stingless bees as it is for bumble bees and honey bees.

Download Full-text

Transformasi Bentuk Pertunjukan Ronggeng Pasaman Grup Ganto Saroha Kecamatan Duo Koto Kabupaten Pasaman

Besaung : Jurnal Seni Desain dan Budaya ◽

10.36982/jsdb.v4i1.591 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kurniawan Fernando ◽

Martarosa Martarosa ◽

Awerman Awerman

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Young People ◽

Qualitative Methods ◽

Early Morning ◽

Analytic Description ◽

Great Demand ◽

The People ◽

Keyboard Music ◽

West Sumatra ◽

Form Transformation

AbstractThis study aims to determine the transformation of the Ronggeng Pasaman performance of the Ganto Saroha group in Duo Koto District, Pasaman Regency. Ronggeng Pasaman is a performance art consisting of pantun, joget, and music, especially in Simpang Tonang, Pasaman, West Sumatra. The form of the Ronggeng Pasaman show is combining bouncing skills while dancing to the accompaniment of violin and drum music. The show starts at night, and ends until early morning. Currently Ronggeng Pasaman has undergone a transformation, people, especially young people, are less interested and begin to leave their regional arts, so the Ronggeng Pasaman show is rarely displayed. There was anxiety from the artists themselves, then initiatives emerged to attract the attention of the people. So it formed the Ronggeng Pasaman Ganto Saroha group, with the addition of keyboard music instruments in the show. Unlike the Pasaman Ronggeng Performance in general, the Ganto Saroha group does not show male singers with female appearance, but rather singers are real women or men. This study uses qualitative methods, is analytic description, observant participants. The results showed that the transformation carried out by the artists, made the Ronggeng Pasaman performance of the Ganto Saroha group well received and in great demand by all people in Pasaman, and was fully supported by the local government.Keywords : Form Transformation, Pasaman Ronggeng Performance, Ganto Saroha GroupAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui transformasi bentuk pertunjukan Ronggeng Pasaman grup Ganto Saroha di Kecamatan Duo Koto, Kabupaten Pasaman. Ronggeng Pasaman merupakan seni pertunjukan terdiri dari pantun, joget, dan musik, khususnya terdapat di Simpang Tonang, Pasaman, Sumatera Barat. Bentuk pertunjukan Ronggeng Pasaman adalah menggabungkan keahlian berpantun sambil menari dengan iringan musik biola dan gendang. Pertunjukan dimulai pada malam hari, dan berakhir hingga menjelang pagi. Saat ini Ronggeng Pasaman telah mengalami transformasi, masyarakat khususnya anak muda kurang meminati dan mulai meninggalkan kesenian daerahnya, sehingga pertunjukan Ronggeng Pasaman jarang ditampilkan. Terdapat keresahan dari diri seniman, kemudian muncul inisiatif untuk menarik kembali perhatian masyarakatnya. Sehingga dibentuk grup Ronggeng Pasaman Ganto Saroha, dengan penambahan instrument musik keyboard dalam pertunjukannya. Beda dengan Pertunjukan Ronggeng Pasaman pada umumnya, grup Ganto Saroha tidak menampilkan penyanyi laki-laki berpenampilan perempuan, melainkan penyanyi adalah perempuan atau laki-laki sesungguhnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, bersifat deskripsi analitik, partisipan observan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa transformasi yang dilakukkan para seniman, membuat pertunjukan Ronggeng Pasaman grup Ganto Saroha diterima dengan baik dan diminati semua kalangan masyarakat Pasaman, dan didukung penuh oleh pemerintahan setempat.Kata kunci : Transformasi Bentuk, Pertunjukan Ronggeng Pasaman, Grup Ganto Saroha

Download Full-text

Physicochemical characteristics and sensory profile of honey samples from stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponinae) submitted to a dehumidification process

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/s0001-37652009000100015 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 81 (1) ◽

pp. 143-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Carlos A.L. Carvalho ◽

Geni S. Sodré ◽

Antonio A.O. Fonseca ◽

Rogério M.O. Alves ◽

Bruno A. Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electric Conductivity ◽

Stingless Bees ◽

Reducing Sugars ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Stingless Bee ◽

Sensory Characteristics ◽

Sensory Profile ◽

Diastatic Activity ◽

Sensory Evaluations

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a dehumidification process on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of stingless-bee honey. Melipona scutellaris and M. quadrifasciata honey samples were submitted to a dehumidification process and to physicochemical (reducing sugars, apparent sucrose, moisture, diastatic activity, hydroxymethylfurfural, ash, pH, acidity, and electric conductivity) and sensory evaluations (fluidity, color, aroma, crystallization,flavor,and acceptability). The results indicated that the dehumidification process does not interfere with honey quality and acceptability.

Download Full-text

Agrochemical synergism imposes higher risk to Neotropical bees than to honeybees

Royal Society Open Science ◽

10.1098/rsos.160866 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 160866 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Hudson V. V. Tomé ◽

Gabryele S. Ramos ◽

Micaele F. Araújo ◽

Weyder C. Santana ◽

Gil R. Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Apis Mellifera ◽

Stingless Bees ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Stingless Bee ◽

Key Factors ◽

Thiophanate Methyl ◽

Africanized Honeybee ◽

Modes Of Action ◽

Population Numbers

Bees are key pollinators whose population numbers are declining, in part, owing to the effects of different stressors such as insecticides and fungicides. We have analysed the susceptibility of the Africanized honeybee, Apis mellifera , and the stingless bee, Partamona helleri, to commercial formulations of the insecticides deltamethrin and imidacloprid. The toxicity of fungicides based on thiophanate-methyl and chlorothalonil were investigated individually and in combination, and with the insecticides. Results showed that stingless bees were more susceptible to insecticides than honeybees. The commercial fungicides thiophanate-methyl or chlorothalonil caused low mortality, regardless of concentration; however, their combination was as toxic as imidacloprid to both species, and over 400-fold more toxic than deltamethrin for A. mellifera . There were highly synergistic effects on mortality caused by interactions in the mixture of imidacloprid and the fungicides thiophanate-methyl, chlorothalonil and the combined fungicide formulation in A. mellifera, and also to a lesser extent in P. helleri . By contrast, mixtures of the deltamethrin and the combined fungicide formulation induced high synergy in P. helleri , but had little effect on the mortality of A. mellifera . Differences in physiology and modes of action of agrochemicals are discussed as key factors underlying the differences in susceptibility to agrochemicals.

Download Full-text

Diversity and honey properties of stingless bees from meliponiculture in East and North Kalimantan, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d211021 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (10) ◽

Author(s):

SYAFRIZAL ◽

RICO RAMADHAN ◽

IRAWAN WIJAYA KUSUMA ◽

SAAT EGRA ◽

KUNIYOSHI SHIMIZU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stingless Bees ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Stingless Bee ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Radical Scavengers ◽

Tropical Rain Forests ◽

Dpph Assay ◽

Research Areas ◽

Light Yellow

Abstract. Syafrizal, Ramadhan R, Kusuma IW, Egra S, Shimizu K, Kanzaki M, Arung ET. 2020. Diversity and honey properties of stingless bees from meliponiculture in East and North Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4623-4630. Kalimantan Island in Indonesia is covered by tropical rain forests that are rich in biodiversity. Species, include a stingless bee (Trigona spp.). Recently, stingless bee beekeeping (Meliponiculture) in this region has become popular because the honey has a unique taste, a mix of sweet, sour, and bitter which is highly valued. The objective of this study was to determine the diversity of stingless bee species, the number of colonies, type of hive, and honey properties such as taste, acidity, color, phytochemicals, and radical scavenging activity or antioxidant in meliponiculture in selected areas of Eastern and Northern Kalimantan, Indonesia. The area studied included Samarinda, Balikpapan, Penajam, Bontang, Sangatta, and Tarakan. The study conducted by visiting the farmers, collecting the stingless bees species and bee products (honey, propolis, and bee pollen), pH, color and taste determination, phytochemical screening, and DPPH assay. We found 12 species, with Heterotrigona itama and Tetragonula laeviceps being the main ones cultivated by people in all research areas, except Balikpapan. We counted 111 colonies of T. laeviceps and 99 of H. itama in the meliponiculture. There were three types of hive used by farmers in meliponiculture. Most of the honey tasted sweet and sour with acidity or pH ranging from 3-4, and color from dark brown to light yellow. The phytochemicals contained tannin, alkaloid, flavonoid, triterpenoid, carotenoid, coumarin, saponin, and carbohydrate. The Tetragonula sarawakensis honey was the most potent in term radical scavengers. Our findings showed that stingless bee honey contains antioxidants with phytochemicals that are very useful for human health.

Download Full-text

A key to the genera and subgenera of stingless bees in Indonesia (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

TREUBIA ◽

10.14203/treubia.v45i0.3687 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 65-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Michael S. Engel ◽

Sih Kahono ◽

Djunijanti Peggie

Keyword(s):

Stingless Bees ◽

Stingless Bee ◽

Social Bees

Indonesia harbors the greatest diversity of social bees in all of Asia, particularly of the stingless bees (Apidae: Apinae: Meliponini). Presently, 46 species of stingless bees are known across Indonesia although records are not comprehensive and additional diversity is likely present across the region. All of the known Asiatic genera of Meliponini occur in Indonesia, making this region a critical center of modern stingless bee biodiversity in Asia. Presented here is an illustrated key to the genera and subgenera of Indonesian stingless bees, as an aid to the general identification, study, and conservation of these critical pollinators.

Download Full-text