scholarly journals Cooling Seasonal Performance Factor (CSPF) Application in Indonesia for Residential Air Conditioning (AC) Unit

2021 ◽  
Vol 927 (1) ◽  
pp. 012008
Author(s):  
Achmad Rofi Irsyad ◽  
Ari Darmawan Pasek ◽  
Evan Philander
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Small Difference ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Performance Factor ◽  
Seasonal Performance ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Residential Air Conditioning

Abstract As an archipelago country located around the equator line, Indonesia has a broad ambient temperature range of varying atmospheric conditions. This issue should be concerned with applying ISO 16358-1 to calculate Seasonal Energy Efficient Ratio (SEER) on cooling, or so-called the Cooling Seasonal Performance Factor (CSPF). The ISO 16358-1 recommend a set of bin temperature which can be used as the basis for calculating the CSPF. The research objectives are to compare the local ambient temperature of four cities in Indonesia (Jakarta, Bandung, Pontianak, and Palembang) with the ISO bin temperature. The normal distribution graph of temperature for every four cities in Indonesia shows a remarkable difference from the ISO bin temperature. Jakarta’s most occurring temperature range is 25 – 30 °C, Bandung is 21 – 23 °C, Pontianak is 24 – 26 °C, and Palembang is 24 – 26 °C, annually. Those numbers were compared to the ISO, which has the most occurring temperature range around 24 - 28 °C. The result on CSPF calculation of AC unit sample in the range of 4,000 – 17,000 Btu/hr (both non-inverter and inverter) using Indonesia local bin temperature compared with the ISO bin temperature has an average range of 5.10%. It was concluded that Indonesia’s local ambient temperature affects the CSPF value, especially on the AC inverter unit. On the other hand, the relatively small difference value of CSPF has an advantage in applying the ISO bin temperature for future Indonesia’s energy conservation policy. It could lead to harmonizing with other South-East Asian (ASEAN) countries specifically, and another country also applying the ISO 16358-1, in general.

A Green and Energy-efficient Photocatalytic Process for accelerated synthesis of Lactic Acid Esters using functionalized quantum dots

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Verma ◽  
Ravinder Kumar Wanchoo ◽  
Amrit Pal Toor
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Photocatalytic Process ◽  
Photochemical Process ◽  
Line P ◽  
Safe Approach ◽  
Acid Esters

Sulphonate-grafted-Titania (SO3H-TiO2) quantum dot catalyzed photochemical process offered an energy-efficient, accelerated, and safe approach to synthesize lactic acid esters at ambient temperature conditions. This low-temperature route is conceived in line...

scholarly journals Assessment Methodology for Efficiency, CO2-Emissions and Primary Energy Consumption for Refrigeration Technologies in the Industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 882 ◽  
pp. 215-220
Author(s):  
Matthias Koppmann ◽  
Raphael Lechner ◽  
Tom Goßner ◽  
Markus Brautsch
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption ◽  
Assessment Methodology ◽  
Alternative Technologies ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
Chp System ◽  
The Individual

Process cooling and air conditioning are becoming increasingly important in the industry. Refrigeration is still mostly accomplished with compression chillers, although alternative technologies are available on the market that can be more efficient for specific applications. Within the scope of the project “EffiCool” a technology toolbox is currently being developed, which is intended to assist industrials users in selecting energy efficient and eco-friendly cooling solutions. In order to assess different refrigeration options a consistent methodology was developed. The refrigeration technologies are assessed regarding their efficiency, CO2-emissions and primary energy consumption. For CCHP systems an exergetic allocation method was implemented. Two scenarios with A) a compression chiller and B) an absorption chiller coupled to a natural gas CHP system were calculated exemplarily, showing a greater overall efficiency for the CCHP system, although the individual COP of the chiller is considerably lower.

Effects of atmospheric temperature and pressure on the performance of a vehicle

2002 ◽  
Vol 216 (6) ◽  
pp. 473-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
S M C Soares ◽  
J R Sodre
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Fixed Temperature ◽  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

This paper describes the influence of the atmospheric conditions on the performance of a vehicle. Tests were carried out on the road, under different conditions of ambient temperature, pressure and humidity, measuring the acceleration time. The tested vehicle featured a gasoline-fuelled four-cylinder engine, with variable intake manifold length and multipoint fuel injection. The vehicle was tested at sea level and at an altitude of 827 m above sea level, with the ambient temperature ranging from 20 to 30°C. The times required for the vehicle to go from 80 to 120 km/h, from 40 to 100 km/h and to reach distances of 400 and 1000 m leaving from an initial speed of 40 km/h at full acceleration were recorded. The results showed the vehicle performance to be more affected by changes in the atmospheric pressure than in the temperature. An average difference of 3 per cent in the time to reach 1000 m, leaving from the speed of 40 km/h at full acceleration, was found between the atmospheric pressures tested, for a fixed temperature.

scholarly journals Household accessibility to heat refuges: Residential air conditioning, public cooled space, and walkability

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1036-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M Fraser ◽  
Mikhail V Chester ◽  
David Eisenman ◽  
David M Hondula ◽  
Stephanie S Pincetl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Residential Air Conditioning ◽  
Walking Speeds

Access to air conditioned space is critical for protecting urban populations from the adverse effects of heat exposure. Yet there remains fairly limited knowledge of the penetration of private (home air conditioning) and distribution of public (cooling centers and commercial space) cooled space across cities. Furthermore, the deployment of government-sponsored cooling centers is likely to be inadequately informed with respect to the location of existing cooling resources (residential air conditioning and air conditioned public space), raising questions of the equitability of access to heat refuges. We explore the distribution of private and public cooling resources and access inequities at the household level in two major US urban areas: Los Angeles County, California and Maricopa County, Arizona (whose county seat is Phoenix). We evaluate the presence of in-home air conditioning and develop a walking-based accessibility measure to air conditioned public space using a combined cumulative opportunities-gravity approach. We find significant variations in the distribution of residential air conditioning across both regions which are largely attributable to building age and inter/intra-regional climate differences. There are also regional disparities in walkable access to public cooled space. At average walking speeds, we find that official cooling centers are only accessible to a small fraction of households (3% in Los Angeles, 2% in Maricopa) while a significantly higher number of households (80% in Los Angeles, 39% in Maricopa) have access to at least one other type of public cooling resource such as a library or commercial establishment. Aggregated to a neighborhood level, we find that there are areas within each region where access to cooled space (either public or private) is limited which may increase heat-related health risks.

scholarly journals Model-Based Optimization of Velocity Strategy for Lightweight Electric Racing Cars

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosław Targosz ◽  
Wojciech Skarka ◽  
Piotr Przystałka
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Vehicle Model ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Race Track ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Race Conditions ◽  
Vehicle Dynamic Model ◽  
And Control

The article presents a method for optimizing driving strategies aimed at minimizing energy consumption while driving. The method was developed for the needs of an electric powered racing vehicle built for the purposes of the Shell Eco-marathon (SEM), the most famous and largest race of energy efficient vehicles. Model-based optimization was used to determine the driving strategy. The numerical model was elaborated in Simulink environment, which includes both the electric vehicle model and the environment, i.e., the race track as well as the vehicle environment and the atmospheric conditions. The vehicle model itself includes vehicle dynamic model, numerical model describing issues concerning resistance of rolling tire, resistance of the propulsion system, aerodynamic phenomena, model of the electric motor, and control system. For the purpose of identifying design and functional features of individual subassemblies and components, numerical and stand tests were carried out. The model itself was tested on the research tracks to tune the model and determine the calculation parameters. The evolutionary algorithms, which are available in the MATLAB Global Optimization Toolbox, were used for optimization. In the race conditions, the model was verified during SEM races in Rotterdam where the race vehicle scored the result consistent with the results of simulation calculations. In the following years, the experience gathered by the team gave us the vice Championship in the SEM 2016 in London.

A Novel Electronics Cooling System Using Water Heat Pipes Under Freezing Conditions

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Suzuki ◽  
Atsuo Nishihara
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Electronics Cooling ◽  
Heat Pipes ◽  
System Model ◽  
Cooling Performance ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Metal Block

A novel electronics cooling system that uses water heat pipes under an ambient temperature range from −30°C to 40°C has been developed. The system consists of several water heat pipes, air-cooled fins, and a metal block. The heat pipes are separated into two groups according to the thermal resistance of their fins. One set of heat pipes, which have fins with higher thermal resistance, operates under an ambient temperature range from −30°C to 40°C. The other set, which have lower resistance, operates from 0°C to 40°C. A prediction model based on the frozen-startup limitation of a single heat pipe was first devised and experimentally verified. Then, a prediction model for the whole-system was formulated according to the former model. The whole-system model was used to design a prototype cooling system, and it was confirmed that the prototype has a suitable cooling performance for an environmentally friendly electronics cooling system.

Effect of Air Conditioning Position on Thermal Comfort in the Floor Air Conditioning System

2014 ◽  
Vol 493 ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Y.A. Sabtalistia ◽  
S.N.N. Ekasiwi ◽  
B. Iskandriawan
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
Air Diffusion

Energy consumption for air conditioning systems (air conditioning system) increased along with the increasing need for fresh air and comfortable in the room especially apartments. FAC system (Floor Air Conditioning) is growing because it is more energy efficient than CAC (Ceiling Air Conditioning) system. However, the position of the AC supply is on the lower level at the FAC system causes draft discomfort becomes greater as air supply closer to the occupants so that thermal comfort can be reduced. Heat mixture of windows, exterior walls, kitchen, and occupants in the studio apartment affect thermal comfort in the room too.This study aims to determine the position of the AC supply which has the best thermal comfort of FAC system in the studio apartment. It can be done by analyzing ADPI (Air Diffusion Performance Index), the distribution of air temperature, wind speed, RH (Relative Humidity), and DR (Draft Risk) to change the position of the AC supply supported by CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation.This result prove that AC position 2 (on wall near the kitchen) is more comfortable than AC position 1 (on the bathroom wall) because AC position 2 away from occupied areas, thereby reducing the occurrence of draught discomfort.

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