scholarly journals Groundwater Mapping of Total Coliform Contamination in Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 933 (1) ◽  
pp. 012047
Author(s):  
F D Ekarini ◽  
S Rafsanjani ◽  
S Rahmawati ◽  
A A Asmara
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Monitoring Wells ◽  
Monitoring Well ◽  
Distance Weighting ◽  
Interview Methods ◽  
Groundwater Mapping ◽  
Inverse Distance

Abstract Groundwater is a pivotal resource to supply clean and drinking water besides surface water. In Indonesia, there are various issues regarding groundwater quality and quantity. By increasing population growth has an impact on groundwater quality, such as generated pathogen contamination. To prevent groundwater pollution was used sanitation facilities were called communal WWTPs. Unfortunately, most WWTPs were not performing optimal, and some had already stopped operating. This study aimed to display groundwater quality using the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) for 2018 to 2019 in the Sleman Region of Yogyakarta Province. The spatial analysis was completed by observation and interview methods. The total coliform number was measured from 29 monitoring wells. The results explained that compared to 2018, groundwater quality in 2019 showed a decrease in contamination by pathogenic bacteria. Groundwater flows also shown the spread of contamination from north to the south area. The distance between monitoring well and septic tank or WWTPs outlet, depth, and the physical condition were substantial factors for spreading the contamination.

scholarly journals Qualitative Analysis of Groundwater Quality Indicators Based on Schuler and Wilcox Diagrams: IDW and Kriging Models

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Ali Almodaresi ◽  
Mohsen Mohammadrezaei ◽  
Maryam Dolatabadi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Nateghi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Distance Weighting ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Inverse Distance

Introduction: It is generally accepted that groundwater is one of the most vital sources of water for drinking use in cities and rural areas. The water drawn from these sources should be sanitary, have low soluble substances, and be free of any pathogens and microorganisms. Materials and Methods: In this study, 90 wells were sampled with proper dispersion over the study area to achieve suitable estimation accuracy. Results: The assessments made based on 10-year averages of water quality in the studied plain showed that according to the Schuler and Wilcox criteria of water quality for drinking and agricultural use, the northern and southern parts of the plain have unsuitable water quality compared to central parts. Interpolation RMSE value of the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) model for SO4-, TDS, TH, Mg2+, Cl-, Ca2+ and HCO3- were 8.46, 2615, 246, 6.8, 38.9, 8.3 1.16 also 8.4, 2628, 750.9, 7.0, 39.8, 8.1, 8.1 (mg L-1) for Kriging, respectively. Conclusion: The cause of low groundwater quality in northern regions is the high rate of SO4-, TH, Cl-, and TDS, which are of the most important determinants of water quality for drinking. The examination of samples in the assessment of water quality for agricultural use clearly showed a higher value of EC compared to SAR.

MICROBES PARAMETERS OF WATER QUALITY FOR AQUACULTURE ON PARI ISLAND WATERS

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lies Indah Sutiknowati
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Shellfish Aquaculture ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Phosphate Nitrate

The objective of this research was to evaluate waters quality in Pari island waters for aquaculture purpose based on bacteriological information conducted in Mei and September 2011. Microbiological parameters analyzed were total density of bacteria for coliforms, E.coli, pathogenic, heterotrophic, halotoleran, phosphate-nitrate-ammonia breaker, and total cells. Method to analyze coliform bacteria was filtration, identification of pathogenic bacteria using biochemical test, density analises for heterotrophic bacteria, analises for phosphate-nitrate-ammonia breaker bacteria using pour plate, and total cell using Acridine Orange Epifluorescence Microscopy. Results showed that the abundance of total coliform cell was about 1000-7000 colony forming unit (cfu)/100 ml. The abundance of heterotrophic, halotolerant, phosphate-nitrate-ammonia bacteria in seawater was (3.6-4.3)x105 cfu/ml, (1.1-1.3)x105 cfu/ml, (0.5-3.44)x103cfu/ml; and (3.6-6.7)x105 cfu/ml, (1.6-2.7)x105 cfu/ml, (0.6-5.22)x103 cfu/ml in sediment, respectively. The total cell of bacteria was (0.05-2.1)x107cells/ml. The dog-conch (Strombus turturella) and blood-clamps (Anadara granosa) can survive in Pari Island and there was a significant increase in sea grass litter with growth average of 0.67 mm/day and 0.90 mm/day. During snails and clamps growth, there were found several genus of pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella, Vibrio, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Proteus, Shigella, Hafnia, and Yersinia. The results showed that Pari island waters was suitable for developing shellfish aquaculture dog conch and blood clamps. Keywords: bacteria, parameter, shellfish, aquaculture.

scholarly journals A Multimethod Analysis for Average Annual Precipitation Mapping in the Khorasan Razavi Province (Northeastern Iran)

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 592
Author(s):  
Mehdi Aalijahan ◽  
Azra Khosravichenar
Keyword(s):  
Regional Planning ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Distance Weighting ◽  
Average Annual Precipitation ◽  
Inverse Distance

The spatial distribution of precipitation is one of the most important climatic variables used in geographic and environmental studies. However, when there is a lack of full coverage of meteorological stations, precipitation estimations are necessary to interpolate precipitation for larger areas. The purpose of this research was to find the best interpolation method for precipitation mapping in the partly densely populated Khorasan Razavi province of northeastern Iran. To achieve this, we compared five methods by applying average precipitation data from 97 rain gauge stations in that province for a period of 20 years (1994–2014): Inverse Distance Weighting, Radial Basis Functions (Completely Regularized Spline, Spline with Tension, Multiquadric, Inverse Multiquadric, Thin Plate Spline), Kriging (Simple, Ordinary, Universal), Co-Kriging (Simple, Ordinary, Universal) with an auxiliary elevation parameter, and non-linear Regression. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and the Coefficient of Determination (R2) were used to determine the best-performing method of precipitation interpolation. Our study shows that Ordinary Co-Kriging with an auxiliary elevation parameter was the best method for determining the distribution of annual precipitation for this region, showing the highest coefficient of determination of 0.46% between estimated and observed values. Therefore, the application of this method of precipitation mapping would form a mandatory base for regional planning and policy making in the arid to semi-arid Khorasan Razavi province during the future.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Soil Nutrients in Farmland in a Hilly Region of the Pearl River Delta in China Based on Geostatistics and the Inverse Distance Weighting Method

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Rumi Wang ◽  
Runyan Zou ◽  
Jianmei Liu ◽  
Luo Liu ◽  
Yueming Hu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Pearl River Delta ◽  
Pearl River ◽  
Weighting Method ◽  
Farmland Protection ◽  
The Pearl River Delta ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Distance Weighting ◽  
The Pearl River ◽  
Inverse Distance

Soil nutrients are essential factors that reflect farmland quality. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are essential elements for plants, while silicon is considered a “quasi-essential” element. This study investigated the spatial distribution of plant nutrients in soil in a hilly region of the Pearl River Delta in China. A total of 201 soil samples were collected from farmland topsoil (0–20 cm) for the analysis of total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), and available silicon (ASi). The coefficients of variation ranged from 47.88% to 76.91%. The NSRs of TN, AP, AK, and ASi were 0.15, 0. 07, 0.12, and 0.13, respectively. The NSRs varied from 0.02 to 0.20. All variables exhibited weak spatial dependence (R2 < 0.5), except for TN (R2 = 0.701). After comparing the prediction accuracy of the different methods, we used the inverse distance weighting method to analyze the spatial distribution of plant nutrients in soil. The uniform spatial distribution of AK, TN overall showed a trend of increasing from northeast to southwest, and the overall spatial distribution of AP and ASi showed that the northeast was higher than the southwest. This study provides support for the delimitation of basic farmland protection areas, the formulation of land use spatial planning, and the formulation of accurate farmland protection policies.

scholarly journals Comparison of Different Interpolation Methods for Prediction of Soil Salinity in Arid Irrigation Region in Northern China

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1535
Author(s):  
Tonggang Fu ◽  
Hui Gao ◽  
Jintong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Subsurface Layer ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Spatial Prediction ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Interpolation Methods ◽  
Distance Weighting ◽  
Total Salt Content ◽  
Inverse Distance

Numerous methods have been used in the spatial prediction of soil salinity. However, the most suitable method is still unknown in arid irrigation regions. In this paper, 78 locations were sampled in salt-affected land caused by irrigation in an arid area in northern China. The geostatistical characteristics of the soil pH, Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Total Salt Content (TSC), and Soil Organic Matter (SOM) of the surface (0–20 cm) and subsurface (20–40 cm) layers were analyzed. The abilities of the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), Ordinary Kriging (OK), and CoKriging (CK) interpolation methods were compared, and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was used to justify the results of the methods. The results showed that the spatial distributions of the soil properties obtained using the different interpolation methods were similar. However, the surface layer exhibits more spatial heterogeneity than the subsurface layer. Based on the RSME, the nugget/sill value and range significantly affected which method was the most suitable. Lower nugget/sill values and lower ranges can be fitted using the IDW method, but higher nugget/sill values and higher ranges can be fitted using the OK method. These results provide a valuable reference for the prediction of soil salinity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of an inverse distance weighting method for patching daily and dekadal rainfall over the Free State Province, South Africa

Water SA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mokhele Edmond Moeletsi ◽  
Zakhele Phumlani Shabalala ◽  
Gert De Nysschen ◽  
Sue Walker
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Inverse Distance Weighting ◽  
Free State ◽  
Weighting Method ◽  
Free State Province ◽  
Distance Weighting ◽  
Inverse Distance

scholarly journals Atmospheric Deposition Effects on Agricultural Soil Acidification State — Key Study: Krupanj Municipality

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Čakmak ◽  
Jelena Beloica ◽  
Veljko Perović ◽  
Ratko Kadović ◽  
Vesna Mrvić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Acidification ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Target Loading ◽  
Distance Weighting ◽  
The Status ◽  
Inverse Distance ◽  
Sustainable Productivity

Abstract Acidification, as a form of soil degradation is a process that leads to permanent reduction in the quality of soil as the most important natural resource. The process of soil acidification, which in the first place implies a reduction in soil pH, can be caused by natural processes, but also considerably accelerated by the anthropogenic influence of excessive S and N emissions, uncontrolled deforestation, and intensive agricultural processes. Critical loads, i.e. the upper limit of harmful depositions (primarily of S and N) which will not cause damages to the ecosystem, were determined in Europe under the auspices of the Executive Committee of the CLRTAP in 1980. These values represent the basic indicators of ecosystem stability to the process of acidification. This paper defines the status of acidification for the period up to 2100 in relation to the long term critical and target loading of soil with S and N on the territory of Krupanj municipality by applying the VSD model. The Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) geostatistic module was used as the interpolation method. Land management, particularly in areas susceptible to acidification, needs to be focused on well-balanced agriculture and use of crops/seedlings to achieve the optimum land use and sustainable productivity for the projected 100-year period.

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