scholarly journals Influence of the drying regime on the quality indicators of dry mare’s milk

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (2) ◽  
pp. 022099
Author(s):  
S Yu Smolentsev ◽  
L M Sufyanova ◽  
A S Makarov ◽  
N Yu Garafutdinova ◽  
O I Shorkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Milk Pasteurization ◽  
Drying Regime ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The data on the influence of the temperature regime of the spray drying process on the quality parameters of dry mare’s milk are given. The results of experimental studies on the selection of the optimal drying mode for maximum preservation of the quality indicators of the final product are presented. It was revealed that the optimum temperature during the drying process of mare’s milk is the temperature at the entrance to the dryer t = 180°C, at the exit t = 70-80°C. The study of qualitative indicators with this drying mode showed that the particle size (more than 68%) was 117-140 microns, the solubility index was 0.18 ml of insoluble sediment in 50 ml of reconstituted mare’s milk, the moisture in dry mare’s milk was 3.8% (at t = 180°C), which met all the requirements of the standard. In addition, it was found that the correct heat treatment of mare’s milk before drying also affects the quality indicators of the dry product. The most optimal temperature for milk pasteurization is a temperature of no more than 60°C.

scholarly journals THE REGULATION OF STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS OF CERAMICS DEPENDING ON THE DRYING REGIME

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romualdas Mačiulaitis ◽  
Jurgita Malaiškienė
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Capillary Rise ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Ceramic Samples ◽  
Porous Volume ◽  
Drying Regime ◽  
Selection Of

Always in the shaped semimanufactures of ceramics is some humidity, which we must eliminate before burning. Drying process is to safeguard the satisfactory strength of semimanufactures. Additionally, changes of ceramic samples capacity is to end the drying process, associated with elimination of humidity that would not compose defects ‐ gaps, fractures, fragmentation etc. In this work it was shown, how the selected stages of drying regime influence the structural parameters of ceramics (reserve of porous volume, heterogeneity degree of structure, maximum rate of capillary rise according to watering front, capillary rate of mass flow, water absorption) and vice verse, how the selection of the dimensions of the stages for drying regime depends on the desired values of the of ceramics. Santrauka Džiovinimas gaminant keraminius dirbinius yra labai svarbus technologinis procesas, nes džiovinant turi baigtis keraminių bandinių tūrio pokyčiai, susiję su drėgmės pasišalinimu, kad neatsirastų defektų – plyšių, įtrūkių, nuskilimų ir t. t. Darbe buvo išnagrinėta, kaip džiovinimo režimo parinkimas gali lemti defektų atsiradimą ir tokias struktūrines keraminių bandinių charakteristikas, kaip poringosios erdvės rezervas, struktūros nevienalytiškumo laipsnis, maksimalus kapiliarinio pakilimo pagal drėkinimo frontą greitis, kapiliarinis masės srauto greitis ir vandens įmirkis. Tikslui pasiekti keraminiai bandiniai buvo paruošti parinkus 8 džiovinimo režimus, o kitus technologinius veiksnius (formavimo mišinio sudėtis, degimo temperarūra, temperatūros kėlimo greitis degant ir kt.) palikus nekintamus. Nustačius keraminės šukės struktūrines charakteristikas ir atlikus gautų duomenų statistinę analizę, buvo sudarytos empirinės lygtys. Pagal jas buvo pagrįsta, kaip kiekvienas parinktas džiovinimo režimo etapo dydis lemia struktūrinių rodiklių verčių kitimą ir kaip galima reguliuoti džiovinimo režimą, norint gauti tam tikras struktūrinių charakteristikų vertes.

BÖHLER W403 VMR

Alloy Digest ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Diffusion Annealing ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Böhler (or Boehler) W403 VMR is a tool steel with outstanding properties, based not only on a modified chemical composition, but on the selection of highly clean raw materials for melting, remelting under vacuum (VMF), optimized diffusion annealing, and a special heat treatment. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming and heat treating. Filing Code: TS-721. Producer or source: Böhler Edelstahl GmbH.

scholarly journals Functional Method of Designing Self-Compacting Concrete

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Tomasz Rudnicki
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Functional Method ◽  
Structural Viscosity ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Double Coating

The article presents a new functional method of designing self-compacting concrete (SCC). The assumptions of the functional method of designing self-compacting concrete were based on the double coating assumption (i.e., it was assumed that the grains of coarse aggregate were coated with a layer of cement mortar, whereas the grains of sand with cement paste). The proposed method is composed of four stages, each of which is responsible for the selection of a different component of the concrete mix. The proposed designing procedure takes into consideration such a selection of the mineral skeleton in terms of the volumetric saturation of the mineral skeleton, which prevents the blocking of aggregate grains, and the designed liquid phase demonstrated high structural viscosity and low yield stress. The performed experimental studies, the simulation of the elaborated mathematical model fully allowed for the verification of the theoretical assumptions that are the basis for the development of the method of designing self-compacting concrete.

scholarly journals Adaptive Control Structure with Neural Data Processing Applied for Electrical Drive with Elastic Shaft

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3389
Author(s):  
Marcin Kamiński ◽  
Krzysztof Szabat
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Adaptive Control ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Drive System ◽  
Particle Swarm Optimizer ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Control Concept ◽  
Constant Coefficients ◽  
Selection Of

This paper presents issues related to the adaptive control of the drive system with an elastic clutch connecting the main motor and the load machine. Firstly, the problems and the main algorithms often implemented for the mentioned object are analyzed. Then, the control concept based on the RNN (recurrent neural network) for the drive system with the flexible coupling is thoroughly described. For this purpose, an adaptive model inspired by the Elman model is selected, which is related to internal feedback in the neural network. The indicated feature improves the processing of dynamic signals. During the design process, for the selection of constant coefficients of the controller, the PSO (particle swarm optimizer) is applied. Moreover, in order to obtain better dynamic properties and improve work in real conditions, one model based on the ADALINE (adaptive linear neuron) is introduced into the structure. Details of the algorithm used for the weights’ adaptation are presented (including stability analysis) to perform the shaft torque signal filtering. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is examined through simulation and experimental studies.

Constraints on the accuracy of messenger RNA movement

1985 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Kurland ◽  
Måns Ehrenberg
Keyword(s):  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Physical Problem ◽  
Translational Accuracy ◽  
Trna Species ◽  
Selection Of

SUMMARYTheoretical as well as experimental studies of translational accuracy have most often been concerned with the selection of aminoacyl-tRNA by codon-programmed ribosomes. The selection of the successive codons on the mRNA has received much less attention, probably because it represents both conceptually and experimentally, a much more demanding physical problem. Nevertheless, it would seem that errors in the selection of the codon are potentially much more destructive than errors in selection of aminoacyl-tRNA species. This can be appreciated from the following.

scholarly journals Collective Losses of Low Power Cage Induction Motors—A New Approach

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1749
Author(s):  
Elzbieta Szychta ◽  
Leszek Szychta
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Water Pumping ◽  
Efficiency Control ◽  
Interacting Systems ◽  
Cage Induction Motor ◽  
Selection Of

Energy efficiency of systems of water pumping is a complex problem since efficiency of two distinct interacting systems needs to be combined: water and power supply. This paper introduces a non-intrusive method of calculating the so-called “collective losses” of a cage induction motor. The term “collective losses”, which the authors define, allows for accurate estimation of motor efficiency. Control system of a pump determines operating point of a pumping station, and thus its efficiency. General estimated performance characteristics of a motor, components of a control system, are assumed to serve selection of a range of pumping speed variations. Rotational speed has a direct effect on motor load torque, pump power and head, and thus on motor performance. Hellwig’s statistical method was used to specify characteristics of estimated collective losses on the basis of experimental studies of 21 motors rated at up to 2.2 kW. The results of simulations and experiments are used to verify validity and efficiency of the suggested method. The method is non-intrusive, simple to use, and requires minimum data.

scholarly journals Musculoskeletal biomechanics in sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit activities with stroke subjects: a systematic review

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Danielli Coelho de Morais Faria ◽  
Viviane Amaral Saliba ◽  
Luci Fuscaldi Teixeira-Salmela
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Extensive Literature Search

INTRODUCTION: Sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit are two of the most mechanically demanding activities undertaken in daily life and which are usually impaired in stroke subjects. OBJECTIVES: To determine the distinguishing characteristics in musculoskeletal biomechanical outcomes of the sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit activities with stroke subjects, with an emphasis on the clinical management of stroke disabilities, in a systematic review. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An extensive literature search was performed with the MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PEDro, LILACS, and SciELO databases, followed by a manual search, to select studies on musculoskeletal biomechanical outcomes in both activities with stroke subjects, without language restrictions, and published until December/2007. RESULTS: Out of the 432 studies, only 11 reported biomechanical outcomes of both activities and none reached the total score on the selected quality parameters. The majority of the experimental studies which compared groups did not achieve acceptable scores on their methodological quality (PEDRo). The investigated conditions and interventions were also restricted. Only one study compared biomechanical outcomes between the activities, but only evaluated the time spent to perform them. Few musculoskeletal biomechanical outcomes have been investigated, being weight bearing on the lower limbs and duration of the activities the most investigated. CONCLUSION: There is little information regarding musculoskeletal biomechanical outcomes during these activities with stroke subjects and no definite conclusions can be drawn regarding the particularities of these outcomes on their performance with stroke survivors.

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