scholarly journals Environmental Assessment of Relationships and Mutual Influences in the System “Protective Forest Plantations – Anthropogenic Landscapes”

2021 ◽  
Vol 940 (1) ◽  
pp. 012083
Author(s):  
S Abu Deeb ◽  
T Tkachenko ◽  
V Mileikovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Natural Resource Management ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Ecological Monitoring ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Equilibrium Stability ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽  
Protective Forest

Abstract Protective forest plantations (PFP) play an essential functional role in the operation of anthropogenic landscapes (AL). A study of processes in the system “PFP-AL” was conducted in the Boguslav agroforestry state, Kyiv region, Ukraine, to maintain sustainability. A method of ecological monitoring has been proposed to achieve environmental equilibrium stability. The calculations show the stable state of the ecosystem. A graphic-analytical method for quantitative assessment of the potential adverse effects of natural resource management has been proposed. It is shown that additional compensation of adverse effects is necessary, which can be performed by green structures.

ECONOMIC AND SILVICULTURAL EFFICIENCY OF CREATION OF PROTECTIVE FOREST PLANTATIONS ON STEEP SLOPES

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
P.N. Proyezdov ◽  
◽  
D.A. Mashtakov ◽  
A.N. Avtonomov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Steep Slopes

scholarly journals Breathing-driven prefrontal oscillations regulate maintenance of conditioned-fear evoked freezing independently of initiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Bagur ◽  
Julie M. Lefort ◽  
Marie M. Lacroix ◽  
Gaëtan de Lavilléon ◽  
Cyril Herry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Role ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Conditioned Fear ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Network Activity ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractBrain–body interactions are thought to be essential in emotions but their physiological basis remains poorly understood. In mice, regular 4 Hz breathing appears during freezing after cue-fear conditioning. Here we show that the olfactory bulb (OB) transmits this rhythm to the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) where it organizes neural activity. Reduction of the respiratory-related 4 Hz oscillation, via bulbectomy or optogenetic perturbation of the OB, reduces freezing. Behavioural modelling shows that this is due to a specific reduction in freezing maintenance without impacting its initiation, thus dissociating these two phenomena. dmPFC LFP and firing patterns support the region’s specific function in freezing maintenance. In particular, population analysis reveals that network activity tracks 4 Hz power dynamics during freezing and reaches a stable state at 4 Hz peak that lasts until freezing termination. These results provide a potential mechanism and a functional role for bodily feedback in emotions and therefore shed light on the historical James–Cannon debate.

scholarly journals Selection of the assortment of trees for protective forest plantations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.I. Petelko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Hydrographic Network

Reclamation of land on community land funds and the hydrographic network contributes to the most effective means of protecting the soil from water erosion. However, the condition, growth, and productivity of the protective forest stands themselves depend on the species composition. Many years of studies have clearly shown that not all tree species and shrubs can successfully grow on washed soils. Extensive scientific material provides a description of the growth and current status of the studied species, a detailed taxation description of the forest plantations. Of particular value are those species that can grow on eroded lands and protect the soil from erosion.

DESERTIFICATION AND PROTECTIVE AFFORESTATION. CHALLENGES. INTERACTION STRATEGY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin KULIK ◽  
◽  
Aleksandr MANAENKOV ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Interaction Strategy

The issues of strategy for the formation of protective forest plantations systems in desertification processes areas that can stabilize environmental degradation, increase the effectiveness of measures to restore soil fertility, reduce the discomfort level in places of work and residence of people and ensure environmental and food security of the country are described.

Greating a cluster-logistic structure of the tourist and recreation system: economic appraisal of the potential

10.12737/5544 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Александр Луговской ◽  
Aleksandr Lugovskoy ◽  
Лидия Межова ◽  
Lidiya Mezhova
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Ecological Monitoring ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Value Assessment ◽  
Resource Rent ◽  
Economic Appraisal ◽  
Capacity Evaluation ◽  
Technological Evaluation

The authors of the article substantiate the necessity of developing a methodological base for an economic appraisal of a tourist and recreation system, natural-resource-management-driven methods for creating a cluster and logistic structure. The authors also emphasize the importance of a natural resources inventory for the practices of natural resource rent, ecological certification, a tourist service consumer classification, and a classification of coordinating controlling systems. The current practices of territorial municipal and federal administration determine the economic risks of investing into a complex programme of the tourist sector economic development and the economic effectiveness, as well as the lines, of ecological monitoring. Efficient territorial administration in the course of tourist cluster creation is seen by the authors as impossible without a development of a scientifically valid methodology for economic efficiency assessment of the potential unlocked by an integrated/multipurpose utilization of territorialrecreational systems of federal and municipal taxonomies. A major line of research is an ROI study of investing into complex environmental action programmes. According to the methodology considered in the article, tourist potential can be evaluated against such criteria as the resource validity for a recreational activity (technological evaluation), the degree of comfort, functioning, and creation of a natural-resource-management-driven cluster-logistic structure in urbanized areas (physiological evaluation), the degree of visual appeal (aesthetical evaluation), the uniqueness and quality of a resource (value assessment), the potential of a resource to generate tourist traffic (self-sufficiency evaluation), and capacity evaluation of the complexity of tourist resources, especially of their transport infrastructure.

scholarly journals Age periods of the development of protective forest plantations in the restoration of eroded ravine and ravine lands

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-21
Author(s):  
V. M. Maliuha ◽  
V. V. Minder
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
National Level ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Selection Of

At present, high-level attention is paid to the issues of the role, significance, optimal use of soils, their protection and combating degradation. By introducing the Sustainable Development Goals at the national level, Ukraine is obliged to introduce new programs and projects that, in practice, will have macroeconomic stability, ecological balance and social cohesion. During scientific research on the multifunctional role of protective forest plantations, which at one time were created on eroded territories, which include gully-ravine lands, to revive the properties of soils, work was carried out to substantiate their regenerative function. To achieve this goal, 90 soil-forest typological stations were established in erosion control plantations of various periods of plant growth and development with the selection of 270 soil samples. A study of their water-physical and agrochemical properties was carried out with the processing of the data obtained by statistical methods. Based on the analysis of scientific literary sources, the study of successful production experience and our own research on anti-erosion plantations to determine their impact on soil properties and the environment, qualitative stages of the ecological restoration of eroded soils have been developed. Changes in the age periods of growth and development of woody plants in protective forest plantations created on gully-ravine lands lead to a gradual step-by-step ecological restoration of eroded soils. Thus, a clear correlation of the age periods of growth and development of woody plants with the qualitative stages of ecological restoration of eroded soils was obtained. The selection of research objects provided for taking into account the same technology for creating anti-erosion plantings, growth and development in the same conditions, corresponding to five age periods of growth and development of woody plants. In each age period, qualitative changes occur during the growth and development of the vegetation cover, as well as quantitative changes in indicators characterizing the properties of the soil, which are presented in comparison with the control, which is the pasture. The main functions of these plantings are presented. Attention is paid to all age periods of growth and development of anti-erosion plantings in terms of forest measures for the successful cultivation of anti-erosion plantings and their effective action. The stages of ecological restoration of eroded territories are clearly consistent with the identified age periods. The prospects for understanding the process of restoring protective vegetation cover, including forest plantations, and their direct impact on the properties of eroded soils are opening up. Keywords: erosion processes, eroded soils, anti-erosion role, periods of development, qualitative stages, soil properties, hydraulic roughness.

scholarly journals Вміст важких металів у ґрунтах захисних лісових насаджень призалізничних територій

2018 ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
В. В. Гупал ◽  
І. Р. Чорнявська
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Test Plot ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Forest Reclamation ◽  
Protective Forest

Описано поліфункціональне значення захисних лісових насаджень на шляхах залізничного транспорту та вказано на необхідність вивчення їх лісомеліоративних функцій. Проведено дослідження щодо шкідливого впливу залізничного транспорту на довкілля та істотного забруднення ґрунту рухомими формами важких металів у захисних лісових насадженнях різної конструкції уздовж транспортних магістралей. Надано геохімічну оцінку ґрунтів за вмістом важких металів через гранично допустиму концентрацію (ГДК) та класифікацію хімічних елементів за класами небезпечності. Досліджено залежність між вмістом важких металів у ґрунті та відстанню від колійного полотна. Виявлено рівень забруднення під впливом техногенного середовища залізниць та поширення з відстанню від залізничного полотна рухомих форм свинцю, кадмію, цинку, міді, нікелю, кобальту, хрому, заліза та марганцю у ґрунтах захисних лісових насаджень. The polyfunctional value of protective forest plantations on railway has been described. The necessity of studying their forest reclamation functions is indicated. Constant pollution of the environment requires the immediate solution of urgent environmental and economic problems to ensure a clean future. The influence of railway transport on the environment has been studied. Studies have been carried out on significant soil contamination by mobile forms of heavy metals in protective forest plantations along transport routes. The geochemical assessment of soils by the content of heavy metals is given in accordance with the maximum permissible concentration (MPC). Heavy metals were considered in accordance with the classification of chemical elements by hazard class. The dependence between the content of heavy metals in the soil and the distance from the track has been investigated. The level of pollution and the spread of mobile forms of lead, cadmium, zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt, chromium, iron and manganese in the soils of protective forest plantations under the influence of the technogenic environment of railways was revealed. Compounds of heavy metals extend approximately at the same distance from the track and do not exceed the MPC, with the exception of manganese. At the control section, experiments showed that all chemical elements, except manganese, were at a minimum. After analyzing the test plot data, we found that the proportion of Mn in them is the greatest, (55% in average), and zinc, lead and iron fluctuate – about 9%, which is 6 times less than the manganese content. The rest of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Co, Ni, Cr) occupy insignificant percentages in the soil, which range up to 5%.

scholarly journals Large planting material employment in the creation and reconstruction of protective forest plantations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Д.Ю. Дручинин ◽  
М.В. Драпалюк
Keyword(s):  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
Harvesting Process ◽  
Frost Penetration ◽  
Protective Forest

Обозначена важнейшая роль защитных лесных насаждений в вопросе защиты сельскохозяйственных земель от негативных процессов ветровой и водной эрозии, роста оврагов и значительного промерзания. Рассмотрены существующие конструкции лесных полос, являющихся частью защитных лесных насаждений. Отмечено неудовлетворительное состояние большинства существующих защитных лесополос, вследствие чего необходим ремонт либо реконструкция данных насаждений. Показана перспективность применения крупномерного посадочного материала, пересаживаемого с комом почвы, при выполнении работ по защитному лесоразведению. Представлена разработанная конструкция выкопочной машины. Орудие агрегатируется с трактором и применяется для работы в лесных питомниках, где наблюдается рядное размещение выкапываемых растений. Для повышения эффективности процесса заготовки посадочного материала с возможностью работы под пологом леса разработано технологическое оборудование для выкопки и пересадки крупномерных саженцев, размещаемое на базе гидроманипуляторных установок. Представленные машины могут также применяться для подготовки посадочных мест под посадку ими же выкопанных саженцев. При этом образованное посадочное место будет полностью повторять контуры кома почвы высаживаемого растения. Рассмотрены положения Стратегии развития защитного лесоразведения в Российской Федерации до 2020 года. Выявлена необходимость создания 4 млн га защитных лесных насаждений для устранения негативных процессов эрозии и опустынивания сельскохозяйственных земель и предотвращения дальнейшей деградации агротерриторий. Предложенная технология использования крупномерного посадочного материала в защитном лесоразведении и средства механизации процесса выкопки и пересадки саженцев с комом почвы позволяют повысить эффективность и качество создания, ремонта или реконструкции защитных лесных полос. The most important role of protective forest plantations in the issue of protecting agricultural lands from negative processes of wind and water erosion, ravine growth and frost penetration is indicated. Considered are the existing structures of forest strips that are part of protective forest plantations. The dissatisfactory condition of the many of the existing protective forest strips is noted, as a result of which it is necessary to repair or reconstruct these plantations. The prospects of using large planting material, transplanted with a soil clod, are shown when performing protective afforestation work. The developed plant lifter design is presented. The tool is aggregated with a tractor and is used for work in forest nurseries, where in-line escapement of lifting plants is observed. To improve the efficiency of the planting material harvesting process with the ability to work under the forest canopy, technological equipment has been developed for lifting and transplanting large plantlets, located on the basis of grapple plants. Presented machines can also be used to prepare planting places for planting them with excavated plantlets. In this case, the formed planting place will completely repeat the contours of the plant being planted soil clod. The provisions of the Strategy for the development of protective afforestation in the Russian Federation until 2020 are considered. The need to create 4 million hectares of protective forest plantations for eliminating the negative processes of erosion and desertification of agricultural lands and preventing further degradation of agroterritories was identified. The proposed technology for the use of large planting material in protective afforestation and the means for mechanization of the process of lifting and transplanting plantlets with a soil clod make it possible to improve the efficiency and quality of the creation, repair or reconstruction of protective forest strips.

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