scholarly journals Вміст важких металів у ґрунтах захисних лісових насаджень призалізничних територій

2018 ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
В. В. Гупал ◽  
І. Р. Чорнявська
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Test Plot ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Forest Reclamation ◽  
Protective Forest

Описано поліфункціональне значення захисних лісових насаджень на шляхах залізничного транспорту та вказано на необхідність вивчення їх лісомеліоративних функцій. Проведено дослідження щодо шкідливого впливу залізничного транспорту на довкілля та істотного забруднення ґрунту рухомими формами важких металів у захисних лісових насадженнях різної конструкції уздовж транспортних магістралей. Надано геохімічну оцінку ґрунтів за вмістом важких металів через гранично допустиму концентрацію (ГДК) та класифікацію хімічних елементів за класами небезпечності. Досліджено залежність між вмістом важких металів у ґрунті та відстанню від колійного полотна. Виявлено рівень забруднення під впливом техногенного середовища залізниць та поширення з відстанню від залізничного полотна рухомих форм свинцю, кадмію, цинку, міді, нікелю, кобальту, хрому, заліза та марганцю у ґрунтах захисних лісових насаджень. The polyfunctional value of protective forest plantations on railway has been described. The necessity of studying their forest reclamation functions is indicated. Constant pollution of the environment requires the immediate solution of urgent environmental and economic problems to ensure a clean future. The influence of railway transport on the environment has been studied. Studies have been carried out on significant soil contamination by mobile forms of heavy metals in protective forest plantations along transport routes. The geochemical assessment of soils by the content of heavy metals is given in accordance with the maximum permissible concentration (MPC). Heavy metals were considered in accordance with the classification of chemical elements by hazard class. The dependence between the content of heavy metals in the soil and the distance from the track has been investigated. The level of pollution and the spread of mobile forms of lead, cadmium, zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt, chromium, iron and manganese in the soils of protective forest plantations under the influence of the technogenic environment of railways was revealed. Compounds of heavy metals extend approximately at the same distance from the track and do not exceed the MPC, with the exception of manganese. At the control section, experiments showed that all chemical elements, except manganese, were at a minimum. After analyzing the test plot data, we found that the proportion of Mn in them is the greatest, (55% in average), and zinc, lead and iron fluctuate – about 9%, which is 6 times less than the manganese content. The rest of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Co, Ni, Cr) occupy insignificant percentages in the soil, which range up to 5%.

scholarly journals ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS IN THE SOILS OF FOOTHAL AREAS OF KRASNODAR KRAY

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Анастасия Забашта ◽  
Anastasiya Zabashta ◽  
Николай Забашта ◽  
Nikolay Zabashta
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
Mobile Forms

The accumulation of heavy metals, primarily from the soil, takes place in the water and fodder plants. Sources are pesticides, polluted air and precipitation. Hazardous chemical elements in certain quantities enter plants from soil. It should be added that ballast substances from mineral fertilizers containing heavy metals are also found in the soil. It has been established that on the flat-foothill massif of the North Caucasus, the constant component of solid precipitation are such elements as chromium, nickel, lead, manganese and silver. Cadmium was not detected in most precipitation samples (less than 1.0 µg / l), but its concentrations exceeded the maximum permissible concentrations by 4–8 times, although its sources were not identified. Therefore, an agrochemical survey of agricultural land has been carried out and it has been established that the content of mobile forms of copper and zinc in the soils of the foothill areas does not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations. Meadow grass stands do not accumulate zinc, copper, lead and cadmium in quantities exceeding the maximum allowable levels. In general, in the foothill areas of the Krasnodar Territory, hay contains 11.0–25.0 mg/kg of zinc, 1.8–9.0 mg/kg of copper, 0.2–2.0 mg/kg of lead, and 0.06– 0.24 mg/kg cadmium. Studies have shown that the agricultural soils of the foothill areas do not contain exceeding MPC values of mobile forms of zinc and copper. But there are local foci containing lead in small quantities. In hay from arable land and natural forage lands, the amount of heavy metals does not exceed MDU.

scholarly journals Dendrofagous in the forest reclamation complexes with the participation of introduced tree species in arid zone conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-361
Author(s):  
Maria Belitskaya ◽  
Irina Gribust
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Ecological Capacity ◽  
Forest Reclamation ◽  
Mass Reproduction ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L

The problem of optimization of ecological conditions of urbanized and agricultural areas of the arid zone is especially urgent nowadays. Severe forest conditions make it necessary to optimize the environment due to the protective plantations of different types and ecological categories. The use of woody plants unusual for a given area as part of multifunctional stands is one of the main methods for increasing the ecological capacity of the territory, changing the structure and population of insects. The study was conducted in Volgograd, Samara and Rostov regions. By the degree of biotic potential accumulation among the trees adapted in the arid region, plants of the Ulmaceae, Rosaceae and Fabaceae families are distinguished. The introduction of woody vegetation into new territories is also accompanied by the penetration of alien species of pests. Currently, among the phyllophages of woody plants used in landscaping various landscapes, there are invader insects. In urban areas, these species are particularly closely associated with Robinia pseudoacacia L. The most numerous as part of the pests of assimilation apparatus of this plant are Obolodiplosis robiniae (Haldeman, 1847) and Nematus tibialis (Neuman, 1837). Dissemination of Robinia by these insects in the protective forest plantations varies greatly. In the roadside forest plantations and the agroforest plantations in the composition of dendroflora the species of the family Ulmaceae are predominant. Among the invasive species that appeared in them is Aproceros leucopoda (Takeuchi, 1939); in these stands, it almost completely destroys the elm foliage. In the crowns of trees of recreational landscaping, single individuals of this species are found. Among the dendrophages of the stands of urbanized and forest-agrarian landscapes, open-living leaf-eating insects giving outbreaks of mass reproduction (Xanthogaleruca luteola, Dicranura ulmi, Cladius ulmi, Aproceros leucopoda) stand out. Wide spread and increase in the number is observed in Obolodiplosis robiniae and Fenusa ulmi.

ECONOMIC AND SILVICULTURAL EFFICIENCY OF CREATION OF PROTECTIVE FOREST PLANTATIONS ON STEEP SLOPES

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
P.N. Proyezdov ◽  
◽  
D.A. Mashtakov ◽  
A.N. Avtonomov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Steep Slopes

scholarly journals Geochemical Risks of Diamond Mining in Siberia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Yana Legostaeva ◽  
Anna Gololobova ◽  
Vladimir Popov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Diamond Mining ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Processing Plants

Geochemical risk is caused by the release of hazardous chemicals to the earth surface. Primary diamond deposits are located in difficult mining and geological conditions. They represent natural geochemical anomalies associated with the mineral composition of rocks and groundwater, which contain a number of impurity elements with high toxic properties (Tl, Di, As, Cd, Hg), and increased concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Ti, V and others). The paper presents the physical-geographical and mining-geological conditions of the diamondiferous region, where three large mining and processing divisions operate: Udachninsky, Aikhalsky and Nyurbinsky. pH, organic matter (humus), total nitrogen, and physical clay were identified in the study samples, by using potentiometric, photoelectric colorimetric, spectrophotometric methods, and pipette method for particle size analysis. Gross and mobile forms of trace elements were determined by atomic absorption and emission spectrometry. The groups of elements were identified that determined the natural and man-made anomalies. The accumulation of Cr, Ni, and Co determines the influence of kimberlite magmatism in general. Cu, Sr, and Li are accumulated in the soils of the Daldyn-Alakit diamond-bearing region. Increased concentrations of Mn and Cu are typical in the soils of the Sredne-Markhinsky diamond-bearing region. An assessment of the ecological and geochemical state of the study areas was carried out according to the indicator of total pollution (Zc), which is the sum of the excess of the concentration coefficients of chemical elements accumulating in anomalies. Areas of pollution and zones of the greatest risk are localized, which occupy up to 75% of the total area of industrial sites. They confined to quarry-dump complexes and to areas of impact of tailing dumps of processing plants.

scholarly journals A Mixture of Green Waste Compost and Biomass Combustion Ash for Recycled Nutrient Delivery to Soil

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 641
Author(s):  
Kristina Buneviciene ◽  
Donata Drapanauskaite ◽  
Romas Mazeika ◽  
Jonas Baltrusaitis
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
First Year ◽  
Nutrient Delivery ◽  
Green Waste ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Solid Residuals ◽  
Heavy Metal Release

The use of major nutrient-containing solid residuals, such as recycled solid waste materials, has a strong potential in closing the broken nutrient cycles. In this work, biofuel ash (BA) combined with green waste compost (GWC) was used as a nutrient source to improve soil properties and enhance wheat and triticale yields. The main goal was to obtain the nutrient and heavy metal release dynamics and ascertain whether GWC together with BA can potentially be used for concurrent bioremediation to mitigate any negative solid waste effects on the environment. Both BA and GWC were applied in the first year of study. No fertilization was performed in the second year of the study. The results obtained in this work showed the highest spring wheat yield when the GWC (20 t ha−1) and BA (4.5 t ha−1) mixture was used. After the first harvest, the increase in the mobile forms of all measured nutrients was detected in the soil with complex composted materials (GWC + BA). The content of heavy metals (Cd, Zn, and Cr) in the soil increased significantly with BA and all GWC + BA mixtures. In both experiment years, the application of BA together with GWC resulted in fewer heavy metals transferred to the crops than with BA alone.

scholarly journals HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF THE CONTENT OF CHEMICALS IN THE SOIL OF MINING AREAS OF THE TRANS-BAIKAL REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Mikhailova ◽  
M. A. Solodukhina ◽  
O. G. Alekseeva ◽  
N. M. Burlaka ◽  
S. E. Lapa
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Mining Areas

Introduction. Intensive exploration and processing of mineral raw materials in the Trans-Baikal territory has caused the accumulation of considerable amount of industrial mining waste with high content of chemical elements of different classes of hazard. Currently 33 tailings storage facilities (TSF) accumulating approximately 3 milliard tons of different industrial waste are located in the territory of the region. The aim of the research is the hygienic assessment of soil contamination in the residential areas adjacent to TSFs. Material and methods. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry method was used for the determination of heavy metals. The study presents the results of analyses of 444 samples of gross content of lead, zinc, copper, mercury, arsenic, and cadmium in the soil of Khapcheranga, Sherlovaya Gora, Kadaya, Vershino-Darasunsky, and Vershino-Shakhtaminsky mining villages throughout the duration of 2012 - 2015. Results. During the period of the study the total value of soil contamination with Zc calculated by the median concentrations in Khapcheranga Village amounted to 4.7 6.9, in Vershino-Shakhtaminaky - to 6.7 8.8, which corresponds to the «allowable» level of the contamination. Zc calculation by maximum concentrations has shown the soil to be referred to the category from “moderately dangerous” to “extremely dangerous”; this value in Khapcheranga Village amounted to 48.7 - 235.3, in Vershino-Shakhtaminsky Village - to 23.76 - 164.8. Discussion. In the residential areas the allowable degree of soil contamination was determined to be predominantly observed; Khapcheranga and Vershino-Shakhtaminsky villages are the exceptions. The results of the assessment give the evidence of tge increased lead, cadmium and arsenic content throughout the entire area of the villages, while the highest levels of accumulated toxic substances are registered in the areas located near the TSF Conclusion. Thus, several zones of natural and anthropogenous contamination with increased concentrations of heavy metals and arsenic have been formed in the Trans-Baikal Territory. This dictates the need to study the influence of geochemical anomalies on the health of population.

scholarly journals Selection of the assortment of trees for protective forest plantations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.I. Petelko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Hydrographic Network

Reclamation of land on community land funds and the hydrographic network contributes to the most effective means of protecting the soil from water erosion. However, the condition, growth, and productivity of the protective forest stands themselves depend on the species composition. Many years of studies have clearly shown that not all tree species and shrubs can successfully grow on washed soils. Extensive scientific material provides a description of the growth and current status of the studied species, a detailed taxation description of the forest plantations. Of particular value are those species that can grow on eroded lands and protect the soil from erosion.

Influence of Decreasing Supplementation to Transformation of Chemical Forms of Ni, Zn and Cu During Composting of Sewage Sludge

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 580-593
Author(s):  
Robert Sidełko
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Chemical Forms ◽  
N Value ◽  
Mobile Forms

This paper pertains to the influence of decreasing supplementation to transformation of chemical forms of Ni. Zn and Cu during composting of sewage sludge. A universally used supplementing material constituting a rich source of organic carbon is straw. Addition of straw to sewage sludge is aimed at increasing C/N proportion up to at least 15 due to the risk of formation of toxic forms of nitrogen, concentration of which in sewage sludge is exceptionally high. We have presented in this paper the results of speciation research of three elements applying Tessier’s sequential extraction. It’s been proven that decreasing of straw share in the composted mixture with sewage sludge down to the level of C/N value below the admissible value, has a beneficial effect on the allocation of tested heavy metals towards the forms that are permanently bound in compost matrix. A systematic increase of organic (IV) and residual (V) fractions share and decrease of mobile forms of heavy metals content in bioavailable fractions i.e. ion-exchange (I) and carbonate (II) has been ascertained.

DESERTIFICATION AND PROTECTIVE AFFORESTATION. CHALLENGES. INTERACTION STRATEGY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin KULIK ◽  
◽  
Aleksandr MANAENKOV ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Interaction Strategy

The issues of strategy for the formation of protective forest plantations systems in desertification processes areas that can stabilize environmental degradation, increase the effectiveness of measures to restore soil fertility, reduce the discomfort level in places of work and residence of people and ensure environmental and food security of the country are described.

A Comprehensive Review of Minerals, Trace Elements, and Heavy Metals in Saffron

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayyed Mohammad Ali Noori ◽  
Mohammad Hashemi ◽  
Sajjad Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World

Abstract: Saffron is one of the most expensive spices in the world, and its popularity as a tasty food additive is spreading rapidly through many cultures and cuisines. Minerals and heavy metals are minor components found in saffron, which play a key role in the identification of the geographical origin, quality control, and food traceability, while they also affect human health. The chemical elements in saffron are measured using various analytical methods, such as techniques based on spectrometry or spectroscopy, including atomic emission spectrometry, atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The present study aimed to review the published articles about heavy metals and minerals in saffron across the world. To date, 64 chemical elements have been found in different types of saffron, which could be divided into three groups of macro-elements, trace elements, and heavy metals (trace elements with a lower gravity/greater than five times that of water and other inorganic sources). Furthermore, the chemical elements in the saffron samples of different countries have a wide range of concentrations. These differences may be affected by geographical condition such as physicochemical properties of the soil, weather and other environmental conditions like saffron cultivation and its genotype.

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