scholarly journals Time budget of daily activity of silvery lutung (Trachypithecus cristatus) in coastal forest habitat at Gunung Padang, West Sumatra

2021 ◽  
Vol 948 (1) ◽  
pp. 012010
Author(s):  
M A Akbar ◽  
D Perwitasari-Farajallah ◽  
Rizaldi ◽  
A Mardiastuti ◽  
Y Tsuji
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Value Of Time ◽  
Coastal Forest ◽  
Time Budgets ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Forest Habitat ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Trachypithecus Cristatus

Abstract Primate’s time budgets are the important aspect to investigate their ecological influences in their habitat. This study collected data on daily activities in a group of silvery lutung (Trachypithecus cristatus) in coastal forest habitat at Gunung Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia from August 2018 – July 2019, using instantaneous scan sampling method with 10-min intervals. This study analyzed the activity of wild silvery lutungs in study site, with emphasis on the age-sex differences and montly changes in their activity budget. This group spent most of time resting in their daily activity (average 47.50% of the total daytime resting), then followed by moving, feeding, grooming and other activities (conflict, nursing, urinating-defecating, playing, etc.). Resting peaked simultaneously in the morning and peaked back in the afternoon while moving and feeding decreased in this period. Their time budgets showed significant monthly variation: they spent a higher value of time feeding from September - Oktober 2018. They also differed among different sex-age classes: nursing females spent more time for actively moving, whereas adult male and single females devoted more time to resting, feeding, and grooming. These differences in their time budgets may reflect fundamental differences in reproductive biology, parental investment and development among the different age-sex classes.

Effects of forest plantation management on herbaceous-layer composition and diversity

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Herbaceous Layer ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Forest Habitat ◽  
Total Species Richness ◽  
Plantation Age ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Natural Stands

I compared the species composition and diversity of vascular plants in the herbaceous layer from a chronosequence of intensively managed spruce (Picea) plantations in three age-classes (5–7, 10–12, 14–16 years) with natural, mature stands (ca. 90 years) in southeastern New Brunswick, Canada. Total species richness (stand level) averaged 81–84 species in the three plantation age-classes compared with 64 species in the natural stands; richness of forest habitat species alone was 33–36 in the plantations and 37 in the natural stands. More fertile sites had significantly higher values for Hill's diversity indices (N0, N1, N2). Mean N0, N1, and N2 (subplot level) did not differ among stand types for all species, but N1 and N2 were significantly greater in the natural stands than in one or two plantation age-classes for forest habitat species alone. The two younger age-classes of plantations differed significantly in composition from the natural stands and the plantations became slightly more similar (Sørensen's index) to the natural stands with increasing age. One forest habitat species was lost and 24 others decreased in cover in the plantations. Tracking of plantations over a longer time period will be needed to determine whether these forest habitat species eventually regain their former abundance.Key words: chronosequence, forest harvesting, herbaceous layer, plantations, species diversity, species composition.

DAILY ACTIVITY OF JUVENILE JAVAN GIBBON (Hylobates moloch AUDEBERT 1798) IN GUNUNG HALIMUN SALAK NATIONAL PARK

Zoo Indonesia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivanna Febrissa ◽  
Dones Rinaldi
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
National Park ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Risk Of Extinction ◽  
Conservation Effort ◽  
Hylobates Moloch ◽  
Species Population ◽  
Javan Gibbon

Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch) is one of endemic primates in Java Island, which listed as endangered and facing the high risk of extinction. Conservation efforts need to be taken immediately in regard to the decrease of this species population. One of aspects that support conservation effort is data on daily activity of this species. The aim of this study was to determine the daily activities of Javan gibbon juvenile at Citalahab Forest Gunung Halimun Salak National Park. We used focal sampling method to collect behavioral data and recording the activity of each individual Javan gibbon by continuous recording. Average time the daily activities of the three groups is 9 hours 56 minutes. Percentage of daily activity from the highest to the lowest is the resting (36.21%), feeding (33.33%), moving (23.05%), socializing (4.94%) and undetected (2.47%). Mostly social activities that do by javan gibbon is play with most frequently performed is wrestling. Javan gibbon in Cikaniki – Citalahab used 11 species as food resource. There are four types of trees used as sleeping tree over the research. The dominant tree strata for sleeping tree is strata A (over 30 m).

Seasonal Habitat Use by Nubian Ibex (Capra Nubiana) Evaluated with Behavioral Indicators

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon A. Tadesse ◽  
Burt P. Kotler
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Time Budgets ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Focal Observation

Nubian ibex (Capra nubiana) prefer steep terrain in their landscape to reduce risks of predation and human nuisance disturbances. They also use vigilance and time allocation to manage risk of predation. We studied time budgets and habitat selection of Nubian ibex to: (1) identify the habitat variables to which Nubian ibex were behaviorally responsive; (2) investigate how time budget responses of Nubian ibex were related to season, slope condition, group size, and sex-age structure; and (3) develop behavioral-based models that account for the variations in the behaviors of Nubian ibex across the landscape and seasons.To quantify time budgets, we took regular field observations on focal individuals of Nubian ibex classified according to their habitat, group size, sex, and age. For each focal observation, we quantified environmental variables that were thought to influence the behavioral responses of ibex. Then, we developed behavioral models by correlating the proportion of behaviors measured in focal animal observations to the influential environmental variables. The behaviors of Nubian ibex significantly varied with sex and age structure, season, habitat type, and slope conditions. Adult females are more vigilant than adult male ibex, especially in the spring. This correlates with breeding and nursing activities. Based on the characteristics of the habitat, ibex behave to minimize risks of predation and human nuisance disturbances while maximizing their food intake.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Partisipasi Dalam Penyusunan Anggaran, Akuntabilitas Publik Dan Job Relevant Information Terhadap Kinerja Manajerial Pada OPD Provinsi Sumatera Barat

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1756-1772
Author(s):  
Rani Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Erinos NR
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
Public Accountability ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
Managerial Performance ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Positive Effect

This studyaimed to examine the effect of budgeting participation, public accountability and job relevant information to managerial performance. This research is classified as causative research. The population in this study are 39 Regional Organizations (OPD) of West Sumatra Province. The sample in this study used the Total Sampling method. The type of data used in this study is primary and secondary data. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire consisting of 3 respondents in each OPD so that the questionnaire distributed was 117 questionnaires. The analytical method used is Multiple Regression Analysis using the SPSS version 20.00 program. The result of the study showed participation has a significant positive effect on managerial performance. However public accountability and job relevant information have no effect on managerial performance.

scholarly journals The Effect of Heavy Metal Pollutants on Bioluminescence Intensity of Luminous Mushrooms (Nenothopanus sp)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-109
Author(s):  
Witriani Marvinatur Ihsan ◽  
Ratnawulan Ratnawulan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Maximum Intensity ◽  
Coastal Forest ◽  
Metal Pollutants ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollutants

In the South Coastal Forest area, West Sumatra, a luminous mushroom with the species Neonothopanus Sp. This research was conducted with the aim of seeing the effect of heavy metals on the bioluminescence reaction of luminous mushrooms. Starting from the effect of heavy metal concentrations on the intensity and inhibition coefficient of luminous mushroom biolumination. From the measurement results, the maximum intensity value of luminous mushrooms is 499.6 au occurring at a wavelength of 505 nm. At a wavelength of 505 nm, visible light is produced in green. The results obtained are in accordance with observations, because the light emitted by the glowing mushroom is green. If the concentration of heavy metals is greater, the intensity of the bioluminescent fungus (Neonothopanus sp) will decrease. The type of heavy metal affects the intensity of the fungus biolumination. The greatest decrease in intensity occurred in copper (Cu) and iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb). If the heavy metal concentration is greater, the inhibition coefficient will be smaller. The greatest inhibition coefficient due to the presence of heavy metals occurs in copper (Cu) then iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and the smallest is lead (Pb).

Effects of Supplemental Food on the Behaviour and Paternity Status of Male Indigo Buntings (Passerina CyaNea)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Brad T. McLeod ◽  
Gary Ritchison
Keyword(s):  
Time Budget ◽  
Mate Guarding ◽  
Breeding Birds ◽  
Food Supplementation ◽  
Time Budgets ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Supplemental Food ◽  
Extra Pair Paternity ◽  
Passerina Cyanea ◽  
And Control

Breeding is energetically costly and, if energy-limited, birds may alter their time budgets, spending less time engaged in some activities and more time in others. Investigators who have provided breeding birds with supplemental food have noted changes in time budgets, but the extent and types of changes have been found to vary among species. Our objective was to determine how food supplementation might influence the time budgets and paternity status of male Indigo Buntings (Passerina cyanea). We studied Indigo Buntings from 8 May to 15 August 2009 in Madison County, Kentucky. Territories of male Indigo Buntings (n=30) were randomly assigned as either food supplemented (n=8) or controls (n=22). During time-budget observations, all behaviours were noted. To determine paternity status, blood samples were collected from adults and nestlings at 16 nests. Males with feeders in their territories spent significantly less time foraging and more time vocalising (chip notes) than males without feeders. Time spent singing and mate guarding by treatment and control males did not differ. Differences in the proportion of extra-pair young did not differ between nests in territories with and without supplemental food. Our results suggest that, when provided with supplemental food, male Indigo Buntings spend less time foraging and more time engaged in other activities. However, neither the presence of supplemental food nor differences in the behaviour of males in food-supplemented versus non-supplemented territories affected rates of extra-pair paternity.

scholarly journals Pengalaman Auditor dan Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Pemoderasi Pengaruh TBP dan Profesionalisme Pada Kualitas Audit

2019 ◽  
pp. 651
Author(s):  
I Gusti Diah Agung Prabawati Suteja ◽  
Ni Luh Sari Widhiyani
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Time Budget Pressure

This study aims to determine the effect of time budget pressure (TBP) and professionalism on audit quality with auditor experience and job satisfaction as moderating in KAP in Bali. The population in this study were all auditors who worked in KAP in Bali, amounting to 77 auditors. Determination of samples in this study using non probability sampling method with purposive sampling technique. The sample amounted to 42 auditors. The results of this research questionnaire were measured using a Likert scale. The data analysis technique used is Moderated Regression Analysis. The results of this study indicate that time budget pressure has a negative and significant effect on audit quality; professionalism has a positive and significant effect on audit quality; auditor experience weakens the effect of time budget pressure on audit quality, and strengthens the influence of professionalism on audit quality; and job satisfaction weakens the effect of time budget pressure on audit quality, and strengthens the influence of professionalism on audit quality. Keywords: time budget pressure, professionalism, auditor experience, job satisfaction, audit quality

scholarly journals POPULASI DAN PERILAKU KERA EKOR PANJANG (Macaca fascicularis) DI DESA PANCASARI SUKASADA BULELENG BALI

2018 ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Kiki Mahayuni ◽  
Ni Luh Watiniasih ◽  
Deny Suhernawan Yusup
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Long Tail ◽  
Group A ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Daily Time

ABSTRACT Long-tailed macaque (Macacafascicularis) has its name as the length of its tail as long as its body. One of their habitats is located in Pancasari Village, Sukasada, Buleleng, Bali. Its current number and their daily activity has not been scientifically studied. This research, aimed to determine the number of individuals in its age groups, and the in daily activity as. The population was calculateemploying census methodand was distinguish accordingly to different age group (a) adult, (b) juveniles and (d) infant, ceusused three times that inthe morning at 09.00-10.00, during the day at 11.00-12.00and in the afternoon at 13.00-14.00. Daily activities of this macaque were recorded withanimal focal scan sampling method, twice in a day, in the morning at 09.00-11.00 and in the afternoon at 14.00-16.00 for 7 days. The population of long-tailed macaques in this are is 252, consisting of 96 adult male, 85 adult females, 44 juveniles and 27 infants. The long tail macaques at Pancasariuse most of their time for moving (30%), followed by eating (27%)and resting (22%). Only 2% of their daily time was used for aggressive and mating. Keywords: Macaca fascicularis, population, daily activities

Time budgets and synchrony of activities in muskoxen: the influence of sex, age, and season

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 1628-1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steeve D. Côté ◽  
James A. Schaefer ◽  
François Messier
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Time Budgets ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Ovibos Moschatus ◽  
Group Type ◽  
June July ◽  
Victoria Island

Synchrony of activities and time budgets of age–sex classes of muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) was studied on Victoria Island in the Canadian High Arctic during late winter (April – late May), spring (late May – early June) and summer (mid-June – July). As revealed by the kappa (κ) coefficient of agreement, herd members exhibited significant synchrony in 79 of 82 groups. The degree of synchrony was not related to group size in mixed herds but decreased with group size in bachelor herds. Diversity in age–sex classes, group type (mixed versus bachelor), and season did not affect synchrony. However, synchrony was less among adult males than among other age–sex classes. Muskoxen were more synchronised at the start of activity bouts than at the end. As revealed by principal components analysis, calves tended to spend more time lying and standing and less time feeding than other age–sex classes. In addition, males in bachelor groups tended to feed more and rest less than males in mixed herds. Duration of active and lying bouts was not affected by age–sex class. Length of active bouts did not change with season, but lying bouts decreased in length significantly from late winter to spring and from spring to summer. We suggest that synchrony of activities maintains group cohesion but constrains the time budget of some group members, especially adult males.

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