scholarly journals Optimization of lipids extraction from Moringa oleifera seeds for biodiesel feedstock

2021 ◽  
Vol 1195 (1) ◽  
pp. 012020
Author(s):  
A N S Fizal ◽  
N H Zainordin ◽  
M I M Jamil ◽  
H A Hamid ◽  
N A Khalil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Sample Extraction ◽  
Moringa Oil

Abstract This paper explore the mechanism of lipid extraction efficiency on Moringa oleifera seeds using Soxhlet extraction method. This present study essential to determine the effect of particle size of the sample, extraction time and type of solvent applied towards the efficiency in extracting the lipids from the material. Soxhlet extraction method utilizing Buchi B118 was use in this study and response surface method was applied to analysed the data and determine the optimum parameter condition to obtain the highest yield of Moringa oil extraction. Moringa oil derived from Moringa oleifera seeds was converted into biodiesel (FAME) via Transesterification process. Conversion of Moringa FAME was observed using three different alcohol oil to molar ratio by based-catalysed. This study shows significant strong correlations between particle size of the sample, extraction time and type of solvent use towards extraction yield. The Response surface analysis shows that 1.3611 mm particle size of sample, 3 hours of extraction time and hexane as extraction solvent was the optimum condition in order to get the highest yield of lipids extract from both Moringa oleifera samples. Authentication extraction based on RSM recommendation showed an average Moringa oil yield of 39.75 % by weight.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF REFLUX EXTRACTION FOR CAESALPINIA SAPPAN LINN. WOOD BY USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Mohd Azahar Mohd Ariff ◽  
Muhammad Syafiq Abd Jalil ◽  
Noor ‘Aina Abdul Razak ◽  
Jefri Jaapar
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Caesalpinia Sappan ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Repeated Runs

Caesalpinia sappan linn. (CSL) is a plant which is also known as Sepang tree contains various medicinal values such as to treat diarrhea, skin rashes, syphilis, jaundice, drinking water for blood purifying, diabetes, and to improve skin complexion. The aim of this study is to obtain the most optimum condition in terms of the ratio of sample to solvent, particle size, and extraction time to get the highest amount of concentration of the CSL extract. In this study, the ranges of each parameters used were: ratio sample to solvent: 1.0:20, 1.5:20, 2.0:20, 2.5:20, 3.0:20, particle size: 1 mm, 500 um, 250 um, 125 um, 63 um, and extraction time: 1 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, 4 hr, 5 hr. The concentration was analyzed using a UV-vis spectrophotometer. The optimum conditions were obtained by response surface methodology. From the design, 20 samples were run throughout this experiment. The optimized value from the RSM were 2.0:20 for ratio sample to solvent, 125 µm of particle size and 2.48 hours with the concentration of 37.1184 ppm. The accuracy of the predictive model was validated with 2 repeated runs and the mean percentage error was less than 3%. This confirmed the model’s capability for optimizing the conditions for the reflux extraction of CSL’s wood.

scholarly journals Efektifitas Penurunan Kadar Kafein pada Teh Hitam dengan Metode Ekstraksi

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Andi Muhamad Iqbal Akbar Asfar
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Caffeine Content ◽  
Food And Beverages ◽  
The People ◽  
Maximum Limit

Black tea is a tea that is currently the most widely consumed by the people of Indonesia. Consumption of black tea more than two cups per day can affect in human healthy because tea contains 20-90 mg of caffeine per cup, while the maximum consumption of caffeine is 150 mg per day and the maximum limit of caffeine is 0.02% in food and beverages. The method used in this study is the method of soxhlet extraction by varying the ethyl alcohol as solvent are 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% with 2.5 hours extraction time. The initial caffeine content in black tea samples was 3.97%, after extraction decreased significantly levels of caffeine on 50% ethyl alcohol concentration is 0,0199%. The extraction method using Soxhlet technique is very effective to reduce caffeine in black tea.

scholarly journals Utilization of Response Surface Methodology in Optimization of Polysaccharides Extraction from Vietnamese Red Ganoderma lucidum by Ultrasound-Assisted Enzymatic Method and Examination of Bioactivities of the Extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Dat Tran Do ◽  
Dang Hoang Lam ◽  
Tai Nguyen ◽  
Tran Thi Phuong Mai ◽  
Le Thao My Phan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted

Red Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) is a popular medicinal herb commonly used in Vietnamese traditional remedies due to its potential value for health. In this study, polysaccharides were extracted from G. lucidum using ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction method. The response surface methodology and Box–Behnken design were employed to investigate the effects of pH, extraction temperature, extraction time, and ultrasonic power on the content of polysaccharides. Based on ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy analysis, the highest content of polysaccharides in the extract was 32.08 mg/g under optimum experimental parameters including enzyme concentration of 3%, pH of 5.5, extraction temperature of 45°C, extraction time of 30 min, and ultrasonic power of 480 W. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was also used to identify the functional groups in the extracts. The molecular weights of polysaccharides were determined by gel permeation chromatography. The obtained extract was then evaluated for anticancer activities by using (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, showing the anticancer activities with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration value of more than 512 μg/mL. This result suggested that UAEE could be considered as an appropriate and effective extraction method for bioactive crude polysaccharides from G. lucidum.

Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Flavonoids from Moringa oleifera Leaves Using Response Surface Methodology

2021 ◽  
pp. 363-367
Author(s):  
Abdelhakim Benarima ◽  
Mohamed Nasreddine Raache ◽  
Moulay Rachid Kouadri ◽  
Yassine Belaiche ◽  
Salah Eddine Laouini
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Leaves ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction

Moringa oleifera is considered one of the most useful plants in the world because it's rich in bioactive substances, which employing on modern medical treatment, also can be used for many fields: pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics purposes. In this study, the response surface methodology (RSM) based on a Box–Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the extraction time (X1: 20–60 min), extraction temperature (X2: 15–45 °C) and solvent-solid ratio (X3: 5–7 ml/g), to obtain a high crude of flavonoids yield from Moringa oleifera Leaves by ultrasonic-assisted extraction technique (UAE). The optimum conditions were an extraction time 23 (min), extraction temperature 44 (°C) and solvent-solid ratio 5.05 (ml/g). Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 72.65 (mg ER/g), well matched with the predicted yield 74.34 (mg ER/g) with the coefficients of determination (R2= 0.9861), thus indicating the suitability of response surface methodology in optimizing the ultrasound-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Moringa oleifera Leaves.

scholarly journals Response Surface Optimization of a Rapid Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Method for Simultaneous Determination of Tetracycline Antibiotics in Manure

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanqing Li ◽  
Mingxing Sun ◽  
Hui Zhou ◽  
Yun Zhou ◽  
Ping Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted

A rapid and cleanup-free ultrasound-assisted extraction method is proposed for the simultaneous extraction of oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, and doxycycline in manure. The analytes were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector. The influence of several variables on the efficiency of the extraction procedure was investigated by single-factor experiments. The temperature, pH, and amount of extraction solution were selected for optimization experiment using response surface methodology. The calibration curves showed good linearity (R2>0.99) for all analytes in the range of 0.1–20 μg/mL. The four antibiotics were successfully extracted from manure with recoveries ranging from 81.89 to 92.42% and good reproducibility (RSD, <4.06%) under optimal conditions, which include 50 mL of McIlvaine buffer extraction solution (pH 7.15) mixed with 1 g of manure sample, extraction temperature of 40°C, extraction time of 10 min, and three extraction cycles. Method quantification limits of 1.75–2.32 mg/kg were obtained for the studied compounds. The proposed procedure demonstrated clear reductions in extraction time and elimination of cleanup steps. Finally, the applicability to tetracyclines antibiotics determination in real samples was evaluated through the successful determination of four target analytes in swine, cow manure, and mixture of animal manure with inorganic fertilizer.

scholarly journals Application of Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Extraction of Carnosic Acid and Carnosol from Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) with Response Surface Methodology Optimization

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Martina Jakovljević ◽  
Stela Jokić ◽  
Maja Molnar ◽  
Igor Jerković
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Carnosic Acid ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Content Extraction ◽  
Salvia Officinalis L

Salvia officinalis L. is a good source of antioxidant compounds such as phenolic diterpenes carnosic acid and carnosol. From 17 deep eutectic solvents (DESs) used, choline chloride: lactic acid (1:2 molar ratio) was found to be the most suitable for the extraction of targeted compounds. The influence of H2O content, extraction time, and temperature (for stirring and heating and for ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE)), H2O content, extraction time, and vibration speed for mechanochemical extraction on the content of targeted compounds were investigated. Carnosic acid content obtained by the extraction assisted by stirring and heating was from 2.55 ± 0.04 to 14.43 ± 0.28 µg mg−1, for UAE it was from 1.62 ± 0.29 to 14.00 ± 0.02 µg mg−1, and for mechanochemical extraction the yield was from 1.80 ± 0.02 to 8.26 ± 0.45 µg mg−1. Determined carnosol content was in the range 0.81 ± 0.01 to 4.83 ± 0.09 µg mg−1 for the extraction with stirring and for UAE it was from 0.56 ± 0.02 to 4.18 ± 0.05 µg mg−1, and for mechanochemical extraction the yield was from 0.57 ± 0.11 to 2.01 ± 0.16 µg mg−1. Optimal extraction conditions determined by response surface methodology (RSM) were in accordance with experimentally demonstrated values. In comparison with previously published or own results using conventional solvents or supercritical CO2, used DES provided more efficient extraction of both targeted compounds.

Application of Experimental Statistical Method in Optimizing Preparation Variables for Cu-Ni/TiO2 Photocatalyst

2014 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 856-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robabeh Bashiri ◽  
Norani Muti Mohamed ◽  
Chong Fai Kait ◽  
Suriati Sufian
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Particle Size Range ◽  
Adsorptive Property ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Contour Plots

Cu-Ni/TiO2 was prepared using sol–hydrothermal method. Response surface Method (RSM) including central composite design (CCD) was applied to study the single and combined effects of three primary preparation parameters like water to alkoxide molar ratio (A), acid to alkoxide molar ratio (B), and Cu content (C) on the growth of Cu-Ni doped TiO2 particle size. The particle size range of the photocatalysts was 13−25 nm. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a second–order polynomial regression model to fit the experimental data in CCD. A comparison between predicted and experimental values has depicted a good agreement amongst them with high coefficient of determination value (R2= 0.98). The 3-D response surface and the contour plots imply a synergistic effect of parameter A, an antagonistic effect of parameter B, and significant interaction between them on the growth of particle sizes more than parameter C and its interactions with other variables. The smaller average sizes of Cu-Ni doped TiO2 particles with higher surface area are helpful to increase the light adsorptive property in hydrogen production studies.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Microwave Hydrodistillation pada Ekstraksi Biji Kapulaga

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Y. Tri Rahkadima ◽  
Anggun Fitria Laila Ningsih ◽  
Medya Ayunda Fitri
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Distillation Method ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
Conventional Extraction

Minyak Atsiri dari kapulaga memiliki banyak manfaat dibidang industri maupun kesehatan. Metode alternatif diperlukan untuk mengoptimalkan kualitas dan kuantitas minyak atsiri yang dihasilkan karena metode konvensional memiliki banyak kelemahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan hasil minyak atsiri dari proses ekstraksi konvensional menggunakan soxhlet dan ekstraksi microwave hydrodistilation . Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan serbuk biji kapulaga seberat 40 gram yang telah dipisahkan dari bahan impuritiesnya . Pada metode ekstraksi Soxhlet , n-heksan digunakan sebagai pelarut, sementara itu pada metode ekstraksi Microwave Hydrodistilation menggunakan aquadest sebagai pelarutnya.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persen yield tertinggi diperoleh saat menggunakan metode ekstraksi soxhlet yaitu sebesar 3,608% dengan volume pelarut 250 ml , waktu ekstraksi 6 jam. Penggunaan aquades dalam metode microwave hydro-distilation tidak memberikan hasil yang maksimal jika dibandingkan metode konventional ekstraksi soxhlet dengan pelarut n-heksan.Essential oils from cardamom have many benefits in the field of industry and health. Alternative methods are needed to optimize the quality and quantity of essential oils produced because conventional methods have many disadvantages. This study aims to compare the results of essential oils from conventional extraction processes using Soxhlet and Microwave Hydrodistilation extraction. The study was conducted using cardamom seed powder weighing 40 grams which had been separated from the impurities. In the Soxhlet extraction method, n-hexane is used as a solvent, while in the Microwave Hydrodistilation extraction method uses aquadest as the solvent. The results showed that the highest percent yield was obtained when using the Soxhlet extraction method which was 3.608% with a volume of solvent of 250 ml, extraction time of 6 hours. The use of distilled water in the microwave hydro-distillation method does not give maximum results when compared to the conventional method of extracting Soxhlet with n-hexane solvent.

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