Morphological Changes of Cerebral Ventricular Wall in Traumatic Brain Injury Evaluated via Large Histological Specimens

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 585-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Makino
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Ventricular Wall

scholarly journals Protective effects of Derinat, a nucleotide-based drug, on experimental traumatic brain injury, and its cellular mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1367-1382
Author(s):  
E. A. Korneva ◽  
E. V. Dmitrienko ◽  
S. Miyamura ◽  
M. Noda ◽  
N. Akimoto
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Brain Trauma ◽  
Trauma Treatment ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Traumatic brain injury is the most common cause of death and disability in young people including sport athletes and soldiers, people under 45 years of age in the industrialized countries, representing a growing health problem in developing countries, as well as in aging communities. Treatment of the latter is a serious challenge for modern medicine. This type of injury leads to many kinds of disorders and, quite often, to disability. These issue require development of new methods for brain trauma treatment. The new approach to brain trauma treatment was studied in murine experiments. In particular, sodium salt of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was used. This preparation is a drug known as a mixture of peptides with immunomodulatory effect which is widely used for different kinds of therapy. Derinat, a sodium salt of DNA, isolated from the caviar of Russian sturgeon, is a proven immunomodulator for treatment of diseases associatd with reactive oxygen species (ROS), including brain ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Here we show that treatment with Derinat exert neuroprotective, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory effects in experimental model of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats. Intraperitoneal injection of Derinat several times over 3 days after TBI showed less pronounced damage of the injured brain area. Immunohistochemical study showed that the Derinat-induced morphological changes of microglia in cerebral cortex and hippocampus 7 days after TBI. TBI-induced accumulation of 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), the marker of oxidative damage, was significantly attenuated by Derinat administration, both on 7th and 14th day after TBI. To investigate cellular mechanism of anti-inflammatory effects, the primary cultures of murine microglia supplied with ATP (50 M and 1 mM), as a substance released at injured site, were used to mimic the in vitro inflammatory response. Derinate treatment caused an increase of glial levels of mRNAs encoding neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in the presence of ATP, whereas tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) mRNA was inhibited by ATP with or without Derinat. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA expression was not affected by ATP but was increased by Derinat. Both mRNA and protein levels of ATP-induced TNFα production were significantly inhibited by Derinat. These results partially contribute to understanding mechanisms of immunomodulatory effects of DNA preparations in traumatic brain injury.

scholarly journals NEURON-GLIO-VASCULAR MODULE OF THE CORPUS CALLOSUM IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF DIFFUSE AXONAL BRAIN INJURY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Koludarova
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Diagnostic Complex ◽  
Diagnostic Criterion

Introduction. Currently, there is no scientifically based diagnostic complex for diffuse axonal brain injury (DAI) which allows to reveal its morphological substrate and determine the time elapsed after it, especially in the early post-traumatic period. Aim. Identification of morphological changes in the corpus callosum in various post-traumatic periods after DAI. Material and methods. The material of the study is the corpus callosum of victims who died from traumatic brain injury with DAI within the first hour (group I, n=25), in the period from 1 to 12 hours (group II, n=30) and in the period from 12 to 48 hours (group III, n=17) before the death. The control group of the study comprises the corpus callosum (n=25) of those who died from various causes of non-violent and violent death (without any head trauma). Discussion of results. The main diagnostic criterion for DAI is represented by hemorrhages in the substance of the corpus callosum truncus. The proposed complex of morphological changes in the neuron-glio-vascular module will allow to determine the time elapsed after DAI. Conclusions. DAI as a special type of traumatic brain injury is manifested by a pathognomonic complex of pathomorphological changes in the deep structures of the brain, including the corpus callosum. Objectification of the time elapsed after DAI should be based on a comparative assessment of all morphological features of the identified neuron-glio-vascular module, while its individual features can not be considered as diagnostic.

Comparative Characteristics Of The Morphological Parameters Of The Liver At Different Periods Of Traumatic Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Jumaev B. B ◽  
◽  
Klichev U. N ◽  
Pirboev F. M ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Craniocerebral Trauma ◽  
Fatty Degeneration ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Hepatic Lobule

The research paper described morphological changes in the liver in traumatic brain injury. The study was conducted on 28 deceased patients, whose death occurred from various causes of traumatic brain injury, that is, traffic accidents, falls from a height and, less often, injuries caused by blunt hard objects. Under the influence of craniocerebral trauma, the deceased developed pathological processes in the liver tissue, plethora of the sinusoid of the hepatic lobule, fatty degeneration of hepatocytes, followed by edema.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN BRAIN STRUCTURES OF RATS UNDER CONDITIONS OF MODEL TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.I. Semenenko
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
White Male ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Air Gun ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
The Brain

Experimental animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) were created to study themorpho-functional features of the disease and to fill the therapeutic window betweenpreclinical trials and the introduction of drugs into the clinical medical practice.The aim of the work – to study the morphological changes in the brain structures ofrats under conditions of model TBI.Material and methods. The experiments were performed on white male rats weighing160-190 g. The experimental model of TBI in rats under conditions of propofolanesthesia (60 mg/kg) was caused by the action of a stream of carbon dioxide underpressure, which was created using a gas cylinder air gun. For histological examination,the brain was fixed with 10% neutral formalin, dehydrated in alcohols in increasingconcentrations, and immersed in paraffin. Sections were stained with hematoxylinand eosin, toluidine blue. The microscopy of histological specimens was performedusing a light microscope OLIMPUS BX 41 using magnifications of 40, 100, 200 and400 times. The morphological research studied the structural changes of neurons inthe sensorimotor zone of the cerebral cortex, the hippocampal structures of the CA1zone and the condition of blood vessels in two groups of animals: Group II - rats withsimulated trauma.Results. In animals with model TBI, there was a predominance of the number ofdegenerating pyramidal neurons over those preserved in the sensorimotor zone ofthe cortex of the large hemispheres and in the CA1 zone of the hippocampus. In thesensorimotor zone of the cortex of the large hemispheres, the death of neurons wasmanifested by morphological signs of karyopyknosis, karyorexis and cytopicnosiswith the phenomena of cytolysis. Only single preserved neurons were visualized in thepyramidal layer; most cells are represented by pyknotic cells; 3) in the hippocampusof animals with TBI, the cytolytic type of nerve cell death was mainly observed. Themorphological signs of cytolysis indicate deep damage to all neurocyte structures.Conclusions. The morphological basis of the remodeling of brain structures in traumaticbrain injury is: reduction in the number of normochromic neurons in experimentalanimals, formation of a significant number of hypochromic neurons, formation ofhyperchromic neurons with pronounced signs of tigrolysis, hemodynamic disorderswith pericellular and perivascular edema.

Cognitive control constrains memory attributions

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen M. Kelley ◽  
Larry L. Jacoby
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Control

Abstract Cognitive control constrains retrieval processing and so restricts what comes to mind as input to the attribution system. We review evidence that older adults, patients with Alzheimer's disease, and people with traumatic brain injury exert less cognitive control during retrieval, and so are susceptible to memory misattributions in the form of dramatic levels of false remembering.

Lessons Learned From Coaching Postsecondary Students With Traumatic Brain Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
Mary R. T. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Exhaustive List

Purpose The purpose of this clinical focus article is to provide speech-language pathologists with a brief update of the evidence that provides possible explanations for our experiences while coaching college students with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Method The narrative text provides readers with lessons we learned as speech-language pathologists functioning as cognitive coaches to college students with TBI. This is not meant to be an exhaustive list, but rather to consider the recent scientific evidence that will help our understanding of how best to coach these college students. Conclusion Four lessons are described. Lesson 1 focuses on the value of self-reported responses to surveys, questionnaires, and interviews. Lesson 2 addresses the use of immediate/proximal goals as leverage for students to update their sense of self and how their abilities and disabilities may alter their more distal goals. Lesson 3 reminds us that teamwork is necessary to address the complex issues facing these students, which include their developmental stage, the sudden onset of trauma to the brain, and having to navigate going to college with a TBI. Lesson 4 focuses on the need for college students with TBI to learn how to self-advocate with instructors, family, and peers.

The Speech-Language Pathologists' Role in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury for Middle and High School–Age Children: Viewpoints on Guidelines From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 1363-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Brown ◽  
Katy O'Brien ◽  
Kelly Knollman-Porter ◽  
Tracey Wallace
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Centers For Disease Control

Purpose The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently released guidelines for rehabilitation professionals regarding the care of children with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Given that mTBI impacts millions of children each year and can be particularly detrimental to children in middle and high school age groups, access to universal recommendations for management of postinjury symptoms is ideal. Method This viewpoint article examines the CDC guidelines and applies these recommendations directly to speech-language pathology practices. In particular, education, assessment, treatment, team management, and ongoing monitoring are discussed. In addition, suggested timelines regarding implementation of services by speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are provided. Specific focus is placed on adolescents (i.e., middle and high school–age children). Results SLPs are critical members of the rehabilitation team working with children with mTBI and should be involved in education, symptom monitoring, and assessment early in the recovery process. SLPs can also provide unique insight into the cognitive and linguistic challenges of these students and can serve to bridge the gap among rehabilitation and school-based professionals, the adolescent with brain injury, and their parents. Conclusion The guidelines provided by the CDC, along with evidence from the field of speech pathology, can guide SLPs to advocate for involvement in the care of adolescents with mTBI. More research is needed to enhance the evidence base for direct assessment and treatment with this population; however, SLPs can use their extensive knowledge and experience working with individuals with traumatic brain injury as a starting point for post-mTBI care.

Traumatic Brain Injury: The Day My World Changed

ASHA Leader ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (13) ◽  
pp. 38-38
Author(s):  
G. Gayle Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury
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