The Physical Effect of Exergames in Healthy Elderly—A Systematic Review

Abstract Objectives Elderly patients are at risk of malnutrition and need an appropriate assessment of energy requirements. In the clinical setting, predictive equations are widely used to estimate the Resting Energy Expenditure (REE). Although easy to use, these equations are not always validated for the elderly and, even if validated, they often provide different outputs of energy requirements for the same subject. This study aimed at doing a systematic review of the equations for the estimation of REE in the elderly with the final aim of developing a web-based application helping clinicians in finding out the most appropriate equation for estimating the REE for each subject. Methods The systematic review was carried out using PubMed and Scopus following PRISMA guidelines. Studies in subjects older than 65 years of age, testing the performance of a predictive equation for the estimation of REE vs. a gold standard (indirect calorimetry or doubly labeled water) were included in the review. Studies performed in critically ill elderly patients were excluded. Results The initial search identified 2035 studies. The final review included 50 studies. Included studies were mainly observational, conducted in healthy elderly subjects enrolled in the outpatient setting, and using indirect calorimetry as gold standard. The 50 studies included in the review corresponded to 189 different equations. Several parameters were included in the equations and they can be divided as following: anthropometric characteristics, body composition parameters, environmental measures, laboratory tests, presence of comorbidities, and physical activity frequency. Conclusions The assessment of the energy requirements in the elderly is crucial for the management of nutritional problems in this population group since nutritional problems are related to worse health outcomes. The present study showed a wide use of different type of equations for the estimation of REE in the elderly highlighting the need of choosing the most appropriate predictive equation according to the subject characteristics and health status. The web application that is currently under development will help clinicians in doing that. Funding Sources Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.

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Semantic Processing in Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review of the N400 Differences

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci10110770 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 770

Author(s):

Marilyne Joyal ◽

Charles Groleau ◽

Clara Bouchard ◽

Maximiliano A. Wilson ◽

Shirley Fecteau

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Semantic Processing ◽

Healthy Aging ◽

Semantic Knowledge ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

N400 Effect ◽

Pathological Aging ◽

Healthy Elderly

Semantic deficits are common in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These deficits notably impact the ability to understand words. In healthy aging, semantic knowledge increases but semantic processing (i.e., the ability to use this knowledge) may be impaired. This systematic review aimed to investigate semantic processing in healthy aging and AD through behavioral responses and the N400 brain event-related potential. The results of the quantitative and qualitative analyses suggested an overall decrease in accuracy and increase in response times in healthy elderly as compared to young adults, as well as in individuals with AD as compared to age-matched controls. The influence of semantic association, as measured by N400 effect amplitudes, appears smaller in healthy aging and even more so in AD patients. Thus, semantic processing differences may occur in both healthy and pathological aging. The establishment of norms of healthy aging for these outcomes that vary between normal and pathological aging could eventually help early detection of AD.

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The Effectiveness of Exercise on Cognitive Performance in Individuals with Known Vascular Disease: A Systematic Review

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8030294 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 294 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Alyssa Brunt ◽

David Albines ◽

Diana Hopkins-Rosseel

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Vascular Disease ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Dose Response ◽

Cognitive Impairments ◽

Positive Association ◽

Cardiovascular Fitness ◽

Healthy Elderly ◽

Increased Risk

Patients with known vascular disease are at increased risk for cognitive impairments. Exercise has been shown to improve cognition in healthy elderly populations and those with mild cognitive impairments. We explored the literature to understand exercise as a modality to improve cognition in those with vascular disease, focusing on dose-responses. A systematic review was conducted through 2017 using Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane, Ovid Embase, and Ovid MEDLINE databases. Eligible studies examined effects of exercise on memory and cognition in cardiovascular (CVD) or cerebrovascular disease (CBVD). Data extracted included group characteristics, exercise dosage and outcomes measures employed. Twenty-two studies (12 CVD, 10 CBVD) met the inclusion criteria. Interventions included aerobic, resistance, or mixed training, with neuropsychological test batteries assessing cognition. In CVD populations, five studies demonstrated improved cardiovascular fitness and cognition with aerobic training, and another seven studies suggested a dose-response. In CBVD trials, four studies reported improved cognition, with no effects observed in the fifth study. Another study found enhanced cognition with resistance training and four demonstrated a positive association between functional capacity and cognition following combined aerobic and resistance training. Exercise is able to positively affect cognitive performance in those with known vascular disease. There is evidence to suggest a dose–response relationship. Further research is required to optimize prescription.

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Health-related quality of life among healthy elderly Iranians: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes ◽

10.1186/s12955-018-0845-7 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Sogand Tourani ◽

Masoud Behzadifar ◽

Mariano Martini ◽

Aidin Aryankhesal ◽

Masood Taheri Mirghaed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Health Related Quality ◽

Healthy Elderly ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related

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Effects of resistance training on muscle strength, insulin-like growth factor-1, and insulin-like growth factor–binding protein-3 in healthy elderly subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

HORMONES ◽

10.1007/s42000-020-00250-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Niloufar Amiri ◽

Mehrdad Fathei ◽

Mohammad Mosaferi Ziaaldini

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Healthy Elderly ◽

Healthy Elderly Subjects

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Working memory intervention programs for adults: A systematic review

Dementia & Neuropsychologia ◽

10.1590/s1980-57642010dn40300011 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 222-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tânia Maria Netto ◽

Denise Vieira Greca ◽

Nicolle Zimmermann ◽

Camila Oliveira ◽

Rochele Paz Fonseca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Working Memory ◽

Case Reports ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Evaluation Study ◽

Intervention Programs ◽

Future Research ◽

Neurologically Impaired ◽

Healthy Elderly ◽

And Training

Abstract This systematic review aimed to identify the designs, procedures, and results of empirical studies that performed neuropsychological interventions on WM in adults. Methods: A PubMed and LILACS literature search was conducted using the keywords working memory AND (training OR rehabilitation OR intervention) AND adult. Results: Of the seven studies found, three were randomized controlled trials, two were case reports, one was a clinical trial, and one was an evaluation study. With regard to the type of programs and samples, three studies employed global programs with healthy elderly adults and four employed specific programs for samples with neurologically-impaired adults. Conclusions: The effectiveness of the WM intervention programs was more evident in studies that employed specific methods of rehabilitation for samples with neurological disorders than in those based on global programs with healthy adults. There is a need for more empirical studies to verify the effectiveness of WM intervention programs in order to provide adequate guidance for clinical neuropsychologists and future research.

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