scholarly journals Time-of-Day Differences in Treatment-Related Habit Strength and Adherence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Alison Phillips ◽  
Edith Burns ◽  
Howard Leventhal
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Monitoring ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Habit Strength ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Contextual Cues ◽  
Adherence Data ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Exact Timing

Abstract Background Many of our daily behaviors are habitual, occurring automatically in response to learned contextual cues, and with minimal need for cognitive and self-regulatory resources. Behavioral habit strength predicts adherence to actions, including to medications. The time of day (morning vs. evening) may influence adherence and habit strength to the degree that stability of contexts/routines varies throughout the day. Purpose The current study evaluates whether patients are more adherent to morning versus evening doses of medication and if morning doses show evidence of greater habit strength than evening doses. Methods Objective adherence data (exact timing of pill dosing) were collected in an observational study by electronic monitoring pill bottles in a sample of patients on twice-daily pills for Type 2 diabetes (N = 51) over the course of 1 month. Results Data supported the hypothesis that patients would miss fewer morning than evening pills. However, counter to the hypothesis, variability in dose timing (an indicator of habit strength) was not significantly different for morning versus evening pills. Conclusions Findings suggest that medication adherence may be greater in the morning than in the evening. However, more research is needed to evaluate the role of habitual action in this greater adherence. Furthermore, future research should evaluate the validity of behavioral timing consistency as an indicator of habit strength.

Engagement and Outcomes Associated with Contextual Annotation Features of a Digital Health Solution

2020 ◽  
pp. 193229682097640
Author(s):  
Michelle Dugas ◽  
Weiguang Wang ◽  
Kenyon Crowley ◽  
Anand K. Iyer ◽  
Malinda Peeples ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Health ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Note Taking ◽  
Potential Benefits

Background: Digital health solutions targeting diabetes self-care are popular and promising, but important questions remain about how these tools can most effectively help patients. Consistent with evidence of the salutary effects of note-taking in education, features that enable annotation of structured data entry might enhance the meaningfulness of the interaction, thereby promoting persistent use and benefits of a digital health solution. Method: To examine the potential benefits of note-taking, we explored how patients with type 2 diabetes used annotation features of a digital health solution and assessed the relationship between annotation and persistence in engagement as well as improvements in glycated hemoglobin (A1C). Secondary data from 3142 users of the BlueStar digital health solution collected between December 2013 and June 2017 were analyzed, with a subgroup of 372 reporting A1C lab values. Results: About a third of patients recorded annotations while using the platform. Annotation themes largely reflected self-management behaviors (diet, physical activity, medication adherence) and well-being (mood, health status). Early use of contextual annotations was associated with greater engagement over time and with greater improvements in A1C. Conclusions: Our research provides preliminary evidence of the benefits of annotation features in a digital health solution. Future research is needed to assess the causal impact of note-taking and the moderating role of thematic content reflected in notes.

Evolution of Artistic and Aesthetic Propensities through Female Competitive Ornamentation

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco A. C. Varella ◽  
Jaroslava Varella Valentova ◽  
Ana María Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Show Evidence

This chapter highlights and discusses the role of women’s competitive ornamentation as one of the relevant, and so far overlooked, ancestral selective pressures in the evolution of artistic propensities. The authors critically discuss how and why sex differences and sexual selection processes acting on women have been disregarded for more than a decade. The authors review available convergent evidence about sex differences in aesthetics and artistic propensities showing that, overall, women outnumber men. Then the authors propose and show evidence that higher women’s inclination toward artistic domains, including ornamentation of body, behavior, and objects/places, can serve as a social arena for attracting/maintaining mates and dealing with rivals, primarily through self-promotion via competitive ornamentation. The chapter concludes by developing connections with related theories that broaden the scope of the field and highlight predictions for future research.

scholarly journals Exploring the effects of habit strength on scholarly publishing

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1393-1411
Author(s):  
Lars Moksness ◽  
Svein Ottar Olsen ◽  
Ho Huy Tuu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Scholarly Publishing ◽  
Habit Strength ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Modified Model ◽  
Content Type

PurposeThis study aims to explore the role of habit strength in explaining intention and open access (OA) and non-OA scholarly publishing.Design/methodology/approachA decomposed theory of planned behaviour (TPB) is used as the conceptual framework to investigate a sample of 1,588 researchers from the major universities in Norway. Different latent construct models are analysed with a structural equation modelling approach.FindingsThe results show that the effect of habit was non-significant in an extended TPB framework where attitude was most important, followed by norms and perceived behavioural control in explaining intention to submit OA. Habit was only found to have a significant impact on intention to submit OA when it played a role as a full mediator for the effects of the intentional antecedents. In this modified model, norms were found to have a stronger effect than attitudes in explaining the habit to submit OA. OA habit strength forms intentions to publish in OA journals and reduces the intention to publish and publishing behaviour in NOA journals.Research limitations/implicationsOther individual forces (e.g. personality and personal values) and the role of habit strength should be included for future research.Practical implicationsThe results provide empirical insights to management, policy makers and research on scholarly publishing.Originality/valueThis paper contributes not only to the understanding of OA scholarly publishing, but is also relevant for research on what drives (academic) data sharing, knowledge sharing, the sharing economy or the open source movement.

Genetic Factors and Neurocognitive Traits

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Bates ◽  
Anil K. Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Profiles ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Attention Memory ◽  
Genetic Contributions ◽  
Existing Data ◽  
Specific Cognitive Abilities

ABSTRACTGenetic contributions to phenotypic variation in general intelligence have been studied extensively. Less research has been conducted on genetic contributions to specific cognitive abilities, such as attention, memory, working memory, language, and motor functions. However, the existing data indicate a significant role of genetic factors in these abilities. Stages of information processing, such as sensory gating, early sensory registration, and cognitive analysis, also show evidence of genetic contributions. Recent molecular studies have begun to identify candidate genes for specific cognitive functions. Future research, identifying endophenotypes based on cognitive profiles of neuropsychiatric disorders, may also assist in the detection of genes that increase susceptibility to major psychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals The Role of Inflammation in Diabetes: Current Concepts and Future Perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sotirios Tsalamandris ◽  
Alexios S Antonopoulos ◽  
Evangelos Oikonomou ◽  
George-Aggelos Papamikroulis ◽  
Georgia Vogiatzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Pattern ◽  
Clinical Relationship

Diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder affecting the glucose status of the human body. Chronic hyperglycaemia related to diabetes is associated with end organ failure. The clinical relationship between diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is well established. This makes therapeutic approaches that simultaneously target diabetes and atherosclerotic disease an attractive area for research. The majority of people with diabetes fall into two broad pathogenetic categories, type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The role of obesity, adipose tissue, gut microbiota and pancreatic beta cell function in diabetes are under intensive scrutiny with several clinical trials to have been completed while more are in development. The emerging role of inflammation in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T1D and T1D) pathophysiology and associated metabolic disorders, has generated increasing interest in targeting inflammation to improve prevention and control of the disease. After an extensive review of the possible mechanisms that drive the metabolic pattern in T1D and T2D and the inflammatory pathways that are involved, it becomes ever clearer that future research should focus on a model of combined suppression for various inflammatory response pathways.

scholarly journals Exploring the Role of Norms and Habit in Explaining Pro-Environmental Behavior Intentions in Situations of Use Robots and AI Agents as Providers in Tourism Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13928
Author(s):  
Eduardo Moraes Sarmento ◽  
Sandra Maria Correia Loureiro
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Behavior ◽  
Habit Strength ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Travel Patterns ◽  
Personal Norms ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Behavior Intentions ◽  
The World ◽  
Value Belief Norm Theory

In a pandemic situation, with climate change around the world, studies analyzing changes in travel patterns are welcome. This study combines three theories to propose a model on pro-environmental behavior intentions, namely, the theory of planned behavior, value–belief–norm theory and habit theory. This study aims to examine the role of social norms, personal norms and habit strength to explain pro-environmental behavior intentions. The authors collected 316 usable questionnaires from tourists in the well-known touristic Belem location in Lisbon. Personal norms were revealed to have the strongest association with pro-environmental behavior intentions, followed by habit strength. The study also identified different broad challenges to encouraging sustainable behaviors and use these to develop novel theoretical propositions and directions for future research. Finally, the authors outlined how practitioners aiming to encourage sustainable consumer behaviors can use this framework to achieve better results.

scholarly journals Dermatoglyphic meta-analysis indicates early epigenetic outcomes & possible implications on genomic zygosity in type-2 diabetes

F1000Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seile Yohannes
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Pancreatic Development ◽  
Eligible Case

Background: Dermatoglyphic studies, particularly those arising from the Dutch Hunger Winter Families Cohort, indicate an involvement of prenatal epigenetic insults in type-2 diabetes. However, the exact orchestration of this association is not fully understood. Herein is described a meta-analysis performed based on a belief that such an approach could shed some light as to the role of genetic & epigenetic influences in the etiology of type-2 diabetes. Methodology/principal findings: The study incorporated reports identified from PubMed, Medline, & Google Scholar databases for eligible case-control studies that assessed dermatoglyphics in type-2 diabetes cases relative to controls. Over 44,000 fingerprints & 2300 palm prints from around 4400 individuals were included in the analysis. Decreased loops patterns [OR= 0.76; 95% CI= (0.59, 0.98)], increased non-loop patterns [OR= 1.31; 95% CI= (1.02, 1.68)], and reduced absolute finger ridge counts [OR= -0.19; 95% CI= (-0.33, -0.04)] were significant findings among the diabetic group. These results are indicative of mild developmental deviances, with epigenetic insults significantly linked to early gestation wherein critical events &signaling pathways of the endocrine pancreas development are witnessed. Further, the increased loop patterns with decreased non-loop patterns were deemed as possible indicators of decreased genomic heterozygosity with concurrently increased homozygosity in the diabetic group, linked to reduced buffering capacities during prenatal development. Conclusions: Epigenetic insults primarily during the 1st trimester, to a lesser extent between the early-to-mid 2ndtrimester, but least likely linked to those beyond the mid-second trimester are evident in type-2 diabetes. It is recommended that future research aimed at expounding the prenatal origins of T2DM, as well as developing novel therapeutic methods, should focus on the early stages of endocrine pancreatic development.

The PREVIEW Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Maija Huttunen-Lenz ◽  
Sylvia Hansen ◽  
Thomas Meinert Larsen ◽  
Pia Christensen ◽  
Mathijs Drummen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Maintenance Phase ◽  
Habit Strength ◽  
Health Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
Overweight Adults ◽  
Modification Intervention

Abstract. Individuals at risk of Type 2 Diabetes are advised to change health habits. This study investigated how the PREMIT behavior modification intervention and its association with socio-economic variables influenced weight maintenance and habit strength in the PREVIEW study. Overweight adults with pre-diabetes were enrolled ( n = 2,224) in a multi-center RCT including a 2-month weight-loss phase and a 34-month weight-maintenance phase for those who lost ≥ 8% body weight. Initial stages of the PREMIT covered the end of weight-loss and the beginning of weight-maintenance phase (18 weeks). Cross-sectional and longitudinal data were explored. Frequent PREMIT sessions attendance, being female, and lower habit strength for poor diet were associated with lower weight re-gain. Being older and not in employment were associated with lower habit strength for physical inactivity. The PREMIT appeared to support weight loss maintenance. Younger participants, males, and those in employment appeared to struggle more with inactivity habit change and weight maintenance.

Coping Humor as a Mediator Between Emotional Intelligence and Job Satisfaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peizhen Sun ◽  
Jennifer J. Chen ◽  
Hongyan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Primary School Teachers ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Regulation Of Emotion ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Overall Job Satisfaction

Abstract. This study investigated the mediating role of coping humor in the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and job satisfaction. Participants were 398 primary school teachers in China, who completed the Wong Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, Coping Humor Scale, and Overall Job Satisfaction Scale. Results showed that coping humor was a significant mediator between EI and job satisfaction. A further examination revealed, however, that coping humor only mediated two sub-dimensions of EI (use of emotion and regulation of emotion) and job satisfaction. Implications for future research and limitations of the study are discussed.

Behavioral Symptoms in Dementia: The Role of Time of Day

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Louise Barrick ◽  
Philip D. Sloane ◽  
Madeline Mitchell ◽  
Christianna Williams ◽  
Wendy Wood
Keyword(s):  
Time Of Day ◽  
Behavioral Symptoms
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