scholarly journals Long-Term Trends in News Content

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edda Humprecht ◽  
Linards Udris
Keyword(s):  
International Comparisons ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
News Content ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

The way news is produced and consumed has changed dramatically during the first two decades of the 21st century due to digitalization and economic pressures. In a globalized world, current events are reported in almost real time in various countries and are diffused rapidly via social media. Thus much scholarly attention is devoted to determining whether these developments have changed news content. Comparative research in the area of journalism focuses on whether news content across countries converges over time and to what degree national differences persist across countries. When studying the research on long-term trends in news content, three main observations can be made. First, theoretical assumptions are often rooted in different models of democracies, but they are rarely explicitly discussed. Second, many studies focus on the organizational level using theoretical concepts related to increased market orientation of news outlets, such as personalization, emotionalization, or scandalization. Furthermore, commercialization is associated with the effects of digitalization and globalization, namely, decreased advertising revenues and increased competition. A commonly expressed fear is that these changes have consequences for democracy and informed citizenship. Third, in recent years, there has been a steady increase of studies employing international comparisons as well as a growing standardization for measurements. These developments lead to more multicountry studies based on large samples but come at the expense of more fine-grained analysis of the way news content changes over time. Finally, the vast majority of cross-national and single-country studies focus on Western democracies. Thus our knowledge about recent changes in news content is limited to a small set of countries. Overall, many studies provide evidence for constant changes of news content driven by social, political, and economic developments. However, different media systems exhibit a sustained resilience toward transnational pressures reflected in a persistence of national differences in news content over time.

The Global Fish Market: Internationalization and Globalization, 1880-1997

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poul Holm
Keyword(s):  
Global Market ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Fish Market ◽  
Exclusive Economic Zones ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Western Nations ◽  
Economic Zones ◽  
The Way

This chapter attempts to determine how globalisation and internationalisation affected the fishing industry, and which members of the global market profited and which suffered due to these developments. The author considers the long-term trends in production and markets; trawling and transport revolutions; worldwide exploitation of fish stocks; territorialisation; and Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ), and the way these factors affected Eastern and Western nations differently.

scholarly journals Mental distress among young adults in Great Britain: long-term trends and early changes during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Gagné ◽  
I. Schoon ◽  
A. McMunn ◽  
A. Sacker
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Health Trends ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Purpose In Great Britain, few studies documented mental health trends in young adults in the years preceding 2020, the mental health dimensions affected, and how these compare with changes observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Long-term trends in mental health among 16–34 year old men and women between 1991 and 2018, and changes between 2018–19 and July–September 2020 were examined using all waves from the British Household Panel Study (1991–2008), the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2009–20), and the first five UKHLS COVID-19 waves administered in April, May, June, July, and September 2020. Findings are based on the GHQ-12 continuous score (0–36), clinically significant cases (4 + /12) and severe cases (7 + /12) for mental distress, and item endorsements. Results Between 1991 and 2018, the prevalence of cases (4 + /12) increased from 14–22% to 19–32% across groups. Increases were largest in women aged 16–24. In April 2020, the risk of caseness (4 + /12) increased across groups by 55% to 80% compared to the 2018–19 baseline. This increase, however, rapidly diminished over time: in July–September 2020, there was only a higher risk of caseness (4 + /12) in men aged 25–34 (prevalence ratio = 1.29, 95% CI 1.01–1.65) compared to the 2018–19 baseline. Conclusion Whereas distress surged in April 2020, its return to pre-pandemic levels by September 2020 highlights the nuanced impact that the pandemic may have over time. Given the magnitude of the decline in mental health over the past decade, attention must be given to young adults once the pandemic ends.

scholarly journals Standardization of sustainability reporting: rationale for better investment decision-making

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Mynhardt ◽  
Inna Makarenko ◽  
Alex Plastun
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Sustainability Reporting ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Reporting Accuracy ◽  
Investment Decision Making ◽  
Long Term Trends

The role of sustainability reporting in investment decision-making is not clear and obvious. Despite the steady increase of such statements in corporate annual reports, the relationship between the sustainability reporting and the financial performance of companies is not always positive. The main problems of sustainability reporting nowadays are insufficient comparability of reporting, accuracy (lack of materiality, reliability and validity of indicators), lack of common approaches for its verification. Synthesis of standardization and regulation features of sustainability reporting, which is provided in this paper in different dimensions (countries, regulators standards), allows to identify long-term trends of this reporting to ensure its quality during investment decision-making in traditional and responsible financial markets.

Questions That Will Not Go Away: Some Remarks on Long-Term Trends in Architecture and their Impact on Architectural Education

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
N. John Habraken
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Education ◽  
Philosophical Question ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Image ◽  
The Future ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
The Way

I want to raise a more philosophical question. What fundamental images and ambitions have guided us in the past and may guide us in the future? I want to particularly call attention to the way we explain ourselves to ourselves and to those we work with. This question may not seem practical but, ultimately, our self-image determines the way we design: our buildings reflect how we see ourselves. To let you know right from the beginning what I am aiming at, my talk can be summarized as follows: we come from a tradition of monument builders, but today we are almost entirely immersed in design for everyday environments. Where we come from is very different from what we do now. The way we see ourselves is a product of the past and is becoming increasingly counter productive.

Ladders and Bushes: The Problem of Caseloads and Studying Court Activities over Time

1984 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Social Development Model ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Single Pattern ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Over Time

The “litigation explosion” has been a frequent topic of concern in both academic circles and the popular press. This idea draws its polemical power from the assumption that litigation rates were lower in the past. But we presently know little about long-term trends in court activity. This article is a critical review of the existing literature on long-term litigation trends and the social development model which scholars have posited to explain changes in litigation patterns. Whether courts are indeed facing imminent crisis because of an explosion is still very much an open question; the extant literature offers no proof of an explosion. The available data do suggest, however, that previous studies may have been overly optimistic in expecting litigation trends to follow any single pattern. The questions about litigation rates will remain open until we are able to gain a fuller understanding of the trends in court activity over time.

Role of asbestos clearance in explaining long-term risk of pleural and peritoneal cancer: a pooled analysis of cohort studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 611-616
Author(s):  
Francesco Barone-Adesi ◽  
Daniela Ferrante ◽  
Elisabetta Chellini ◽  
Enzo Merler ◽  
Venere Pavone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
External Exposure ◽  
Multistage Model ◽  
Peritoneal Cancer ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Better Than

ObjectivesModels based on the multistage theory of cancer predict that rates of malignant mesothelioma continuously increase with time since first exposure (TSFE) to asbestos, even after the end of external exposure. However, recent epidemiological studies suggest that mesothelioma rates level off many years after first exposure to asbestos. A gradual clearance of asbestos from the lungs has been suggested as a possible explanation for this phenomenon. We analysed long-term trends of pleural and peritoneal cancer mortality in subjects exposed to asbestos to evaluate whether such trends were consistent with the clearance hypothesis.MethodsWe used data from a pool of 43 Italian asbestos cohorts (51 801 subjects). The role of asbestos clearance was explored using the traditional mesothelioma multistage model, generalised to include a term representing elimination of fibres over time.ResultsRates of pleural cancer increased until 40 years of TSFE, but remained stable thereafter. On the other hand, we observed a monotonic increase of peritoneal cancer with TSFE. The model taking into account asbestos clearance fitted the data better than the traditional one for pleural (p=0.004) but not for peritoneal (p=0.09) cancer.ConclusionsRates of pleural cancer do not increase indefinitely after the exposure to asbestos, but eventually reach a plateau. This trend is well described by a model accounting for a gradual elimination of the asbestos fibres. These results are relevant for the prediction of future rates of mesothelioma and in asbestos litigations.

Between Protection and Repression: A Short History of Juvenile Policing in the Netherlands

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manon van de Riet ◽  
Wim Bernasco ◽  
Peter van der Laan
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Short History ◽  
Minimal Intervention ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

The police in the Netherlands have traditionally been characterised by restraint when dealing with cases involving minors. However, this policy of minimal intervention appears to be waning in recent years. This shift from welfare to justice seems to be in line with the developments in other European countries. This article comments on this development by framing it in the long-term history of juvenile policing in the Netherlands. It describes the founding and development of the Juvenile Police as an organisation, and sketches the parallel changes in juvenile policing that occurred during the twentieth century. The organisation of juvenile policing has changed considerably over time with a visible tendency away from welfare oriented policing. As such, restraint and minimal intervention may no longer characterise the way Dutch police handle juvenile offenders.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Individual Income Rank Volatility: Evidence from West Germany and the US

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Chauvel ◽  
Anne Hartung ◽  
Flaviana Palmisano
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Marginal Distributions ◽  
Individual Income ◽  
The Us ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This paper presents a methodology for comparing income rank volatility profiles over time and across distributions. While most of the existing measures are affected by changes in marginal distributions, this paper proposes a framework based on individuals’ relative positions in the distribution that is neutral to structural changes that occur in that distribution. Applying this approach to West Germany and the US over three decades, we show that while poorer individuals in both countries are the most volatile in all periods investigated, the long-term trends of volatility at the different points of the distribution in each of these countries differ.

Long-term trends in the incidence of type 1 diabetes in Denmark: the seasonal variation changes over time

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 248-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannet Svensson ◽  
Annette Lyngaae-Jørgensen ◽  
Bendix Carstensen ◽  
Lars Bjarke Simonsen ◽  
Henrik B Mortensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Alcoholics Anonymous: sustaining behavioural change

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Irving
Keyword(s):  
Alcoholics Anonymous ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Problem Drinking ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Identity Transformation ◽  
Personal Agency ◽  
Moral Reflection ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

This chapter concentrates on the practices of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and how they facilitate behavioural change. The author analysed intensive interviews with long-term members of AA using a framework that focused on motivation to engage, structured social engagement (through the activities of AA) and personal agency. The resulting model (presented as a helix to represent progression over time) illustrates the way that individuals use support from AA and the understandings of their problem drinking – reflecting AA language and concepts in what the author terms ‘linguistic echoes’ – to maintain sobriety. Although there may be limits to identity transformation while still engaged with the organisation as ‘sober alcoholics’, the programme emphasises moral reflection and commitment to new norms and beliefs which are key elements of desistance processes.

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