Central Asia in the Soviet Command Economy

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.013.504 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Isaac Scarborough

Keyword(s):

Central Asia ◽

20Th Century ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Standard Of Living ◽

Resource Extraction ◽

Economic Damage ◽

Command Economy ◽

Ecological Disaster

The five republics of Central Asia—Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan—spent the majority of the 20th century as part of the USSR and the Soviet command economy. Over this period, their economies grew significantly, as did the standard of living enjoyed by their populations. At the same time, the Soviet command economy, along with its particular application in Central Asia, created both significant barriers and long-term economic damage in the region. Local salaries and access to goods remained far below the Soviet average; agricultural production took precedence over industrialization and modernization; the combination of expansionist planning and resource extraction meant that over decades little was done to change the system even as ecological disaster loomed. When the Soviet command economy receded in 1991, it left an ambiguous detritus, one remembered as violently forced and perhaps unwanted.

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Patterns of frontier development: a dynamic model of resource extraction in the Brazilian Amazon

Environment and Development Economics ◽

10.1017/s1355770x15000303 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 350-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Richard T. Melstrom ◽

Luke R. Jones ◽

Jill Caviglia-Harris

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Model ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Resource Extraction ◽

Development Pattern ◽

Positive Outcomes ◽

Resource Exploitation ◽

Resource Base ◽

Frontier Development

AbstractDeveloping countries are known to exploit their resource frontier to achieve growth objectives and reduce poverty. This can lead to long-term positive outcomes or – if resource exploitation is unsustainable – lose–lose outcomes that leave populations and ecosystems worse off. This paper introduces a dynamic model of resource exploitation to explain how regions may succumb to, avoid or escape this negative outcome. The theoretical model characterizes a frontier community that uses soil as an input into agricultural production. The model shows that there may be a critical point in the soil stock that determines whether agricultural activities lead to sustainable development or a collapse in local income. This suggests that, in the event of a resource collapse, temporary adjustments to the system may permanently rehabilitate the resource base and change a community's development pattern. Calibration of the model to several frontier states of the Brazilian Amazon points toward an overall outcome of steady development.

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Globalisation and Equity Issues in Post-socialist Transition Economies

Acta Oeconomica ◽

10.1556/aoecon.54.2004.3.1 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 273-296

Author(s):

G. W. Kolodko

Keyword(s):

Transition Economies ◽

World Market ◽

Early Years ◽

Standard Of Living ◽

Social Constraints ◽

Significant Shift ◽

Equity Issues ◽

Goods And Services ◽

The Rich

Equity issues in policymaking are difficult to resolve because they are linked not only to the economic situation but also to social constraints and political conflicts within a country. This is even more true in the case of post-socialist economies during their transition to a market system in the era of globalisation. The historical and irreversible process of liberalisation and integration of capital, goods and services, and labour markets into one world market, as well as the gradual construction of new institutions and the process of privatisation cause a significant shift in the income pattern of post-socialist emerging markets. Contrary to expectations, inequality increases affecting the standard of living and long-term growth. While globalisation contributes to the long-term acceleration of economic growth and offers a chance for many countries and regions to catch up with more advanced economies, it results in growing inequality both between the countries and within them. On average, the standard of living increases, but so does the gap between the rich and the poor. Therefore, equality issues should always be of concern to policymakers, especially in the early years of the change of regime in post-socialist transition economies.

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Enhancing water and land efficiency in agricultural production and trade between Central Asia and China

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146584 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 146584

Author(s):

Yilin Liu ◽

La Zhuo ◽

Olli Varis ◽

Kai Fang ◽

Gang Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Asia ◽

Agricultural Production

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Frontier Dynamics: Reflections on Evangelical and Tablighi Missions in Central Asia

Comparative Studies in Society and History ◽

10.1017/s0010417520000420 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 212-241

Author(s):

Mathijs Pelkmans

Keyword(s):

Soviet Union ◽

Central Asia ◽

Kyrgyz Republic ◽

Missionary Work ◽

Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽

The Soviet Union ◽

Successes And Failures

AbstractMissionaries have flocked to the Kyrgyz Republic ever since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Evangelical-Pentecostal and Tablighi missions have been particularly active on what they conceive of as a fertile post-atheist frontier. But as these missions project their message of truth onto the frontier, the dangers of the frontier may overwhelm them. Based on long-term ethnographic fieldwork amongst foreign and local Tablighis and evangelical-Pentecostals, this article formulates an analytic of the frontier that highlights the affective and relational characteristics of missionary activities and their effects. This analytic explains why and how missionaries are attracted to the frontier, as well as some of the successes and failures of their expansionist efforts. In doing so, the article reveals the potency of instability, a feature that is particularly evident in missionary work, but also resonates with other frontier situations.

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Most Frequent Problems of Building Structures of Urban Apartment Buildings from 2nd Half of 19th Century and the Start of 20th Century

Buildings ◽

10.3390/buildings11010027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Klara Kroftova

Keyword(s):

20Th Century ◽

19Th Century ◽

Residential Building ◽

Structural Safety ◽

Horizontal Load ◽

Building Structures ◽

Speed Up ◽

The 19Th Century ◽

Basic Prerequisite

An urban residential building from the second half of the 19th century and the start of the 20th century, the so-called tenement house, is a significant representative of the architecture of the developing urban fabric in Central Europe. The vertical and horizontal load-bearing structures of these houses currently tend to show characteristic, repeated defects and failures. Their knowledge may, in many cases, facilitate and speed up the design of the historic building’s restoration without compromising its heritage value in this process. The article presents the summary of the most frequently occurring defects and failures of these buildings. The summary, however, is not an absolute one, and, in the case of major damage to the building, it still applies that, first of all, a detailed analysis of the causes and consequences of defects and failures must be made as a basic prerequisite for the reliability and long-term durability of the building’s restoration and rehabilitation. An integral part of the rehabilitation of buildings must be the elimination of the causes of the appearance of their failures and remediation of all defects impairing their structural safety, health safety and energy efficiency.

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The environment, security and regional cooperation in Central Asia

Communist and Post-Communist Studies ◽

10.1016/j.postcomstud.2007.03.004 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 191-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Douglas L. Tookey

Keyword(s):

Central Asia ◽

International Organizations ◽

Regional Cooperation ◽

Environmental Security ◽

Security Risks ◽

Security Issues ◽

Working Together ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Recent Attention

Environmental challenges, resulting from either a scarcity of natural resources or environmental degradation, may contribute to security risks in Central Asia. An encouraging sign is the recent attention of the governments of Central Asia, civil society groups and international organizations to these environmental security issues. Their efforts indicate that by working together to prevent conflicts caused by environmental problems, cooperation among the countries of Central Asia may expand. Both short and long-term obstacles must be overcome if these groups are to ensure that environmental stresses do not lead to security concerns.

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High potentials of water and land efficiency in agricultural production and trade for rich food supply by Central Asia

10.1002/essoar.10504118.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yilin Liu ◽

La Zhuo ◽

Olli Varis ◽

Kai Fang ◽

Gang Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Asia ◽

Food Supply ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Rich Food ◽

High Potentials

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METHODOLOGY OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX

EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA ◽

10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.05.01.005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

pp. 39-54

Author(s):

А. M. NEKHLANOVA ◽

Keyword(s):

Strategic Management ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Digital Technologies ◽

Industrial Complex ◽

Food Markets ◽

Dynamic Changes ◽

National Importance ◽

Intensive Development ◽

Global Food

The article presents the results of a study of the methodology of strategic management in the agro-industrial complex. In the context of dynamic changes in the external environment, the intensive development of global food markets, the accelerated introduction of digital technologies, biotechnologies, and genetic engineering, strategic management of the agro-industrial complex is an urgent scientific problem of national importance. The presented methodology takes into account the influence of the peculiarities of agricultural production on the formation of a strategic management system in the agro-industrial complex and allows the complex to function successfully in the long term.

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Socio-engineering arrangement of the village — the basis of rural development

10.33920/sel-06-2111-01 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 8-21

Author(s):

Kh. B. Dusaev ◽

A. Kh. Dusaeva

Keyword(s):

Rural Development ◽

Social Development ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Rural Population ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Orenburg Region ◽

Dynamic Development ◽

The Village ◽

Monetary Income

The article analyzes the number, employment and dynamics of monetary income of the population of the Orenburg region for a long-term period. The production of social and engineering arrangement of rural territories of the region for a number of years is analyzed in detail. Negative destructive changes and trends in employment and social development of rural areas are revealed. The directions of improvement and dynamic development of agricultural production, rural areas, and employment of the rural population are proposed.

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