The environment, security and regional cooperation in Central Asia

Environmental challenges, resulting from either a scarcity of natural resources or environmental degradation, may contribute to security risks in Central Asia. An encouraging sign is the recent attention of the governments of Central Asia, civil society groups and international organizations to these environmental security issues. Their efforts indicate that by working together to prevent conflicts caused by environmental problems, cooperation among the countries of Central Asia may expand. Both short and long-term obstacles must be overcome if these groups are to ensure that environmental stresses do not lead to security concerns.

Download Full-text

National Concepts of Security and the Problem Of Integration in Transcaucasia

Iran and the Caucasus ◽

10.1163/157338406780345961 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 287-301

Author(s):

Anush Begoyan

Keyword(s):

Regional Integration ◽

Regional Cooperation ◽

Balance Of Power ◽

Regional Security ◽

Security Threats ◽

Regional Powers ◽

Security Issues ◽

State Security ◽

Joint Provision

AbstractThe article examines security issues of the Transcaucasian region with the focus on nonmilitary and trans-border security threats and a regional security community that also includes non-state security actors of the region, such as not-recognised autonomous entities, nations, ethnic groups, minorities, etc.This approach to regional security shifts the focus of policies from balance of power to closer regional integration and cooperation, as well as joint provision of regional security. Despite many objectives and existing obstacles to this scenario of regional development, the author sees it to be the only way toward a stable and long-term security in the region. The article argues that closer regional cooperation and integration would allow to accommodate interests and security concerns of non-state actors of the region and would bring the fate of regional issues back in the hands of the regional powers and create bases for sustainable and lasting peace in the region.

Download Full-text

UNICEF in Central America

The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science ◽

10.1177/000271626032900108 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 329 (1) ◽

pp. 69-77

Author(s):

Alice C. Shaffer

Keyword(s):

United Nations ◽

Central America ◽

International Organizations ◽

Central American ◽

The World ◽

Working Together ◽

Integrated Programs ◽

Regional Basis ◽

The United Nations

Central America has been one of the pioneer areas for the United Nations Children's Fund assisted pro grams. When the United Nations Children's Fund, under a broadened mandate from the United Nations, shifted the emphasis of its aid from emergency to long term and from war-torn countries to those economically less developed, Cen tral American governments immediately requested its assist ance to strengthen and extend services to children and mothers. As one of the first areas in the world to aim at the eradication of malaria and to have engaged in an inten sive campaign against malnutrition on a regional basis, the Central American experiences in these fields have become known, watched, and studied by people from many countries. Against this background, international and bilateral organi zations are working together with governments as they broaden the scope and the extent of their programs. Ten years of co-operative action have highlighted the need for train ing of personnel, both professional and auxiliary. This period has also made clear the value of more integrated programs with wider collaboration both within the ministries of government and between the international organizations.

Download Full-text

Central Asia: A Comprehensive Crisis and Scenarios for the Future

Journal of International Analytics ◽

10.46272/2587-8476-2015-0-3-34-55 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 34-55

Author(s):

A. Kazantsev

Keyword(s):

Central Asia ◽

Scenario Analysis ◽

Great Variability ◽

Systemic Analysis ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Soviet Central Asia ◽

Political Economic ◽

High Degree ◽

Further Development

The paper suggests a systemic analysis of the perspectives of development of situation in Post-Soviet Central Asia. Interconnection between the tendencies in different spheres (political, economic, military, social and demographic) is analyzed. The author ascertain the fact of complex and multilateral crisis and also states high degree of uncertainty of further development of regional situation, which is indicated by a great variability of scenarios of further development. The analysis is fulfilled both in short- and long-term perspectives. The study is carried out in two steps: for each of temporal perspectives respective drivers that presently exist are selected. Also, potential qualitative discontinuities that can lead to principal changes of situation are defined within scenario analysis.

Download Full-text

PANDEMIC OF COVID-19 IN INDONESIA: SOCIAL POLITICS PERSPECTIVE (Pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia: Perspektif Sosial Politik)

ETNOREFLIKA: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya ◽

10.33772/etnoreflika.v10i1.915 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 31-45

Author(s):

Shindy Diah Ayu Lestari

Keyword(s):

Local Governments ◽

Point Of View ◽

Security Issue ◽

Political Issues ◽

Security Issues ◽

Security Problem ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

The Republic ◽

The Government

In the second half of the twentieth century, global security issues have quickly transformed into what is defined nowadays as non-traditional security issues and the latest of such non-traditional security problem has emerged recently as the recent Covid-19 pandemic impacted the whole world on an unprecedented scale. Indonesia, as the fourth most populated country with 267 million people, face an extraordinary challenge and therefore it is interesting to see and to learn how the situation developed, what the Government of Indonesia did, included what the Government should do, not only from the healthcare point of view, but also from other perspectives such as social and political. Using the problems arising during the pandemic in Indonesia as a non-traditional security issue, the present work aims to assess the difficulties faced by the country in order to establish a set of short and long term plans that should be addressed in order to improve the preparedness and to correct the current flaws generating difficulties to develop an optimal response. Governmental decisions and communication should be clear and follow a solid strategy to ensure population awareness. Law enforcement should strictly emphasize on the dangerousness of Covid-19. Coordination between central and local governments should be efficient and involve experts and respected figures. Not only healthcare but also economic, social and political issues need to be planned and projected during and after pandemic and the lessons taken during this pandemic should be used to build solid and better foundations for future development of the Republic of Indonesia.

Download Full-text

Seminar on Regional Cooperation in Africa: prospects and problems

The Journal of Modern African Studies ◽

10.1017/s0022278x00019455 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 140-141

Author(s):

Solomon Kagwe

Keyword(s):

Regional Cooperation ◽

Civil Servants ◽

Long Term Results ◽

African Countries ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

English Speaking ◽

The Government ◽

Goals And Objectives

The eighth inter-African public administration seminar, sponsored jointly by the Government of Liberia and the Ford Foundation, was attended by 37 leading civil servants from English-speaking Africa, as well as by observers from I.D.E.P., C.A.F.R.A.D., and U.N. E.C.A.President Tubman delivered the keynote address, in which he recognised the need for regional economic co-operation, urged the investigation of the problems and difficulties on the way, and stressed the essential role of civil servants in bringing about such co-operation. In the discussion that followed many participants expressed the view that goals and objectives must be denned as carefully and realistically as possible if both short- and long-term results are to be achieved. It would also be important to take into account the current level of development in African countries.

Download Full-text

Environmental Security Issues No Longer of Secondary Importance for Regional Cooperation or Conflict: The Case of the Mekong River

Water Security in Asia - Springer Water ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-54612-4_4 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 45-60

Author(s):

Christian Ploberger

Keyword(s):

Regional Cooperation ◽

Environmental Security ◽

Mekong River ◽

Secondary Importance ◽

Security Issues

Download Full-text

INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES OF UZBEKISTAN TO STRENGTHEN REGIONAL COOPERATION IN CENTRAL ASIA

Journal of law research ◽

10.26739/2181-9130-2021-8-12 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (8) ◽

pp. 94-100

Author(s):

Shukhrat Rakhmonov ◽

◽

Firuza Khamdamova

Keyword(s):

Central Asia ◽

International Organizations ◽

Regional Cooperation ◽

The World ◽

Political Economic

The article examines the international initiatives of Uzbekistan, put forward in the framework of international organizations and conferences, in order to strengthen regional cooperation with the countries of Central Asia. The authors note that these initiatives, coveringall areas of cooperation (political, economic, social, cultural, etc.), are being successfully implemented and contribute to strengthening the image of Uzbekistan in the world arena. The article examines the initiatives of Uzbekistan, put forward in the framework of international organizations and international conferences dedicated to cooperation in Central Asia

Download Full-text

Experience with Short and Long Term Courses of Local Adrenal Steroid Therapy For Ulcerative Colitis

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(62)80117-6 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 669-677 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Jean A. Spencer ◽

Joseph B. Kirsner

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Steroid Therapy ◽

Adrenal Steroid ◽

Short And Long Term

Download Full-text

Short- and Long-Term Results of Total vs Subtotal Thyroid- ectomies in the Surgical Treatment of Graves' Disease

Swiss Surgery ◽

10.1024/1023-9332.7.1.20 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 20-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Robert ◽

Mariéthoz ◽

Pache ◽

Bertin ◽

Caulfield ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽

Nerve Palsy ◽

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy ◽

Laryngeal Nerve ◽

Long Term Results ◽

Graves Disease ◽

Laryngeal Nerve Palsy ◽

Short And Long Term

Objective: Approximately one out of five patients with Graves' disease (GD) undergoes a thyroidectomy after a mean period of 18 months of medical treatment. This retrospective and non-randomized study from a teaching hospital compares short- and long-term results of total (TT) and subtotal thyroidectomies (ST) for this disease. Methods: From 1987 to 1997, 94 patients were operated for GD. Thirty-three patients underwent a TT (mostly since 1993) and 61 a ST (keeping 4 to 8 grams of thyroid tissue - mean 6 g). All patients had received propylthiouracil and/or neo-mercazole and were in a euthyroid state at the time of surgery; they also took potassium iodide (lugol) for ten days before surgery. Results: There were no deaths. Transient hypocalcemia (< 3 months) occurred in 32 patients (15 TT and 17 ST) and persistent hypocalcemia in 8 having had TT. Two patients developed transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy after ST (< 3 months). After a median follow-up period of seven years (1-15) with five patients lost to follow-up, 41 patients having had a ST are in a hypothyroid state (73%), thirteen are euthyroid (23%), and two suffered recurrent hyperthyroidism, requiring completion of thyroidectomy. All 33 patients having had TT - with follow-ups averaging two years (0.5-8) - are receiving thyroxin substitution. Conclusions: There were no instances of persistent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy in either group, but persistent hypoparathyroidism occurred more frequently after TT. Long after ST, hypothyroidism developed in nearly three of four cases, whereas euthyroidy was maintained in only one-fourth; recurrent hyperthyroidy was rare.

Download Full-text