Synaesthesia: A Very Short Introduction

Author(s):  
Julia Simner

Synaesthesia is often described as a rare neurological condition where one sense appears to merge or cross with another. It is a multi-variant condition that can present itself in many different ways: some synaesthetes taste words, while others see colours when they hear sounds. Synaesthesia: A Very Short Introduction describes this extraordinary condition, explaining what synaesthesia is, how it manifests itself, what causes it, how it feels, how it links to creativity and the arts, and what it can tell us about every human’s perceptions of reality. Delving into the neuroscience behind synaesthesia, it also relates contemporary attempts at understanding both the genetic causes of synaesthesia, and how synesthetic sensations occur in the brain.

Author(s):  
R. H. S. Mindham ◽  
T. A. Hughes

Parkinson's disease has been regarded as a neurological condition mainly affecting motor function and arising from specific lesions in the brain stem. The recognition of dementia in Parkinson's disease is of importance in management but the possibility that motor and cognitive functions may be located in the same region of the brain is of theoretical importance.


Arts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Seymour Simmons

This paper looks at recent examples of how drawing is advancing into the digital age: in London: the annual symposium on Thinking Through Drawing; in Paris: an exhibition at the Grand Palais, Artistes et Robots; a conference at the Institut d’études avancées on Space-Time Geometries and Movement in the Brain and in the Arts; and, at the Drawing Lab, Cinéma d’Été. These events are contrasted to a recent decline in drawing instruction in pre-professional programs of art, architecture, and design as well as in pre-K12 art education due largely to the digital revolution. In response, I argue for the ongoing importance of learning to draw both in visual art and in general education at all levels in the digital age.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1057-1070
Author(s):  
Lily C. Wong-Kisiel

Abnormal development of the central nervous system is a common cause of developmental delay and epilepsy. An understanding of central nervous system malformation begins with an overview of normal embryology. Genetic advances in embryogenesis have unfolded a complex orchestration of gene expressions in place of the traditional developmental epochs (induction, neurulation, proliferation, migration, organization, synaptogenesis, and myelination). Causes of malformation of the central nervous system are multifactorial. Genetic causes, vitamin excess or deficiency, infections, or teratogens any time during pregnancy may disturb the preprogrammed mechanisms.


2021 ◽  
Vol 137 (137) ◽  
pp. 6-29
Author(s):  
Clara Zimmermann

En el presente trabajo analizaremos el concepto de intuición, principalmente en relación con las tesis epistemológicas y metafísicas de la teoría schopenhaueriana. En la primera sección, plantearemos los ejes centrales del sistema metafísico de Schopenhauer, sobre todo en lo que concierne al concepto de voluntad  (Wille ) y la relación que este guarda con su teoría del conocimiento. Luego, examinaremos la diferencia que el filósofo alemán establece entre el conocimiento representativo —o mediado— de la razón y el conocimiento directo —o inmediato— de la intuición. Asimismo, trazaremos, en un primer momento, las tesis y los problemas fundamentales del dualismo propios de la representación y la voluntad, para establecer —en un segundo momento— el problema de la intuición del cuerpo propio. Por último, consideraremos los alcances y los límites de la intuición, así como también sus distintas variantes: principalmente la intuición estética y su culminación en la intuición mística. Palabras clave Schopenhauer, intuición, conocimiento inmediato, representación, estética Referencias Bergson, H. (2013). El pensamiento y lo moviente. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Cactus.Cross, T. (2013). Schopenhauer’s encounter with Indian thought. Representation and will,and their Indian parallels. Honolulu, Estados Unidos: University of Hawaii Press.Ferrari, J. (2011). L’art dans le monde comme volonté et comme représentation d’ArthurSchopenhauer. Mayenne, Francia: Presses Universitaires de France.François, A. (2004). La volonté chez Bergson et Schopenhauer. Methodos, (4), https://doi.org/10.4000/methodos.135.Foster, C. (1999). Ideas and imagination. Schopenhauer on the proper foundationof art. En C. Janaway (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Schopenhauer(pp. 213-251). Nueva York, Estados Unidos: Cambridge University Press.Gardner, S. (1999). Schopenhauer, will and the unconscious. En C. Janaway(ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Schopenhauer (pp. 375-421). Nueva York,Estados Unidos: Cambridge University Press.Glock, H. J. (1999). Schopenhauer and Wittgenstein: representation as languageand will. En C. Janaway (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Schopenhauer(pp. 422-458). Nueva York, Estados Unidos: Cambridge University Press.González Ríos, J. (2017). Schopenhauer. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Galerna.Guyer, P. (2007). Pleasure and knowledge in Schopenhauer’s aesthetics. En D.Jacquette (Ed.), Schopenhauer, Philosophy and the Arts (pp. 109-132). NuevaYork, Estados Unidos: Cambridge University Press.Hannan, B. (2009). The riddle of the world. A reconsideration of Schopenhauer’s philosophy.Nueva York, Estados Unidos: Oxford University Press.Hume, D. (2002). Investigación sobre el conocimiento humano. Madrid, España: BibliotecaNueva.Janaway, C. (1989). Self and world in Schopenhauer’s philosophy. Nueva York, EstadosUnidos: Oxford University Press.Janaway, C. (1999a). Schopenhauer’s pessimism. En C. Janaway (Ed.), The CambridgeCompanion to Schopenhauer (pp. 318-343). Nueva York, Estados Unidos:Cambridge University Press.Janaway, C. (1999b). Introduction. En C. Janaway (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion toSchopenhauer (pp. 1-17). Nueva York, Estados Unidos: Cambridge University Press.Janaway, C. (2002). Schopenhauer. A very short introduction. Nueva York, EstadosUnidos: Oxford University Press.Kant, I. (2014). Crítica de la razón pura. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Colihue.Magee, B. (1983). The philosophy of Schopenhauer. Nueva York, Estados Unidos:Oxford University Press.Mann, T. (2018). Schopenhauer. París, Francia: Libella.                                                                                                  


Author(s):  
Marc Bohlen

This chapter attempts to consider the consequences of machine vision technologies for the role of the image in the visual arts. After a short introduction, the text gives a practical overview of image processing techniques that are relevant in surveillance, installation, and information art practice. Example work by practitioners in the field contextualizes these more technical descriptions and shows how computational approaches to digital imagery can radically expand the use of the image in the arts. A final note on possible future areas of investigation is included.


Author(s):  
Oluwafemi Oluwole ◽  
Abdoulaye Yalcouye ◽  
Edmond Wonkam ◽  
Noluthando Manyisa ◽  
Jack Morrice ◽  
...  

The prevalence of congenital hearing impairment (HI) is highest in Africa. Estimates evaluated genetic causes to account for 31% of HI cases in Africa, but the identification of associated causative genes mutations have been challenging. In this study, we reviewed the potential roles, in humans, of 38 novel genes identified in a murine study. We gathered information from various genomic annotation databases and performed functional enrichment analysis using online resources i.e. genemania and g.proflier. Results revealed that 27/38 genes are express mostly in the brain, suggesting additional cognitive roles. Indeed, HERC1- R3250X had been associated with intellectual disability in a Moroccan family. A homozygous 216-bp deletion in KLC2 was found in two siblings of Egyptian descent with spastic paraplegia. Up to 27/38 murine genes have link to at least a disease, and the commonest mode of inheritance is autosomal recessive (n=8). Network analysis indicates that 20 other genes have intermediate and biological links to the novel genes, suggesting their possible roles in HI. This study will contribute to advance our knowledge in unravelling the biological roles of novel murine HI genes in humans and could enhance the understanding of the genetic causes of HI in Africans.


1963 ◽  
Vol 109 (459) ◽  
pp. 211-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. W. Morrice ◽  
Winifred M. Small

In 1879 Sturge described a patient with hemiparesis, epilepsy and a facial naevus. He ascribed the neurological condition to a naevus of the brain similar to that on the patient's face. Weber gained the distinction of providing the other half of the eponym by describing the radiological appearances of a similar case. In 1955, however, he advanced the self-effacing descriptive term “encephalofacial angiomatosis”. The essential pathological features of the disorder are facial naevus and leptomeningeal angiomatosis. It is generally agreed that buphthalmos (present in Sturge's original case) is not a necessary component.


This book draws from leading neuroscientists and scholars in the humanities and the arts to probe creativity in its many manifestations, including the everyday mind, the exceptional mind, the pathological mind, the scientific mind, and the artistic mind. It offers a brand new interdisciplinary approach revealing secrets of creativity that emerge from our everyday lives and from the minds of exceptional individuals and their discoveries or creations. Neuroscientists, psychologists, and humanities researchers provide new insights about the workings of the creative brain. Components of creativity are specified with respect to types of memory, forms of intelligence, modes of experience, and kinds of emotion. Authors in this volume take on the challenge of simultaneously characterizing creativity at behavioral, cognitive, and neurophysiological levels. It becomes apparent to all our authors that, with creativity, there is an interaction between consciously controlled processing and spontaneous processing. Neuroscientists describe the functioning of the brain and its circuitry in creative acts of scientific discovery or aesthetic production. Humanists from the fields of literature, art, and music give analyses of creativity in major literary works, musical compositions, and works of visual art. This book brings together an interdisciplinary group of contributors for a novel discussion of creativity from the confluence of neuroscience and the arts.


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