1. The power of competition

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
Ariel Ezrachi
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
Perfect Competition ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Intensity Of Competition ◽  
The Ideal

‘The power of competition’ discusses the power of competition. The nature of the product and the structure of the market affect the intensity of competition and subsequently the price and quality of goods and services. The model of perfect competition illustrates the ideal market scenario — a perfect market which maximizes consumer welfare. There are a number of consequences of limited competition in a market dominated by a monopoly. In such a market, a single firm offers the product or service. There is also a type of market called an oligopoly, which is characterized by a few key competitors.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Ariel Ezrachi
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
Western World ◽  
Competitive Markets ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Competitive Process ◽  
Competitive Activity ◽  
Competition Laws ◽  
Do So

‘Introduction’ provides an overview of the competitive process, which has generated much of the prosperity of the Western world. It is this process that delivers the abundance of choice, the lower prices, the increased innovation, and the better quality of goods and services. The antitrust and competition laws are designed to address risks, remedy possible market failures, and safeguard consumer welfare. Competition agencies and courts are tasked with enforcing the law. As they do so, they face the challenge of correctly identifying what amounts to an anti-competitive activity and curtailing it to ensure dynamic and competitive markets.

QUALITY MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY ACTIVITIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 689-693
Author(s):  
Nikola Sabev
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Quality Of Healthcare ◽  
Laboratory Analysis ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Administrative Authority ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Laboratory Activities ◽  
Analytical Accuracy

Providing a specific level of healthcare quality is an important and a complex issue, determined by the extent of influence of number of interrelated and predetermined factors that act at different stages throughout the continuum of healthcare activities. A final healthcare product is a complex conglomerate of goods and services being heterogeneous with a time-varying result and a pronounced individuality. Thus, healthcare managers are required to put its supporting and continuous upgrading at the core of their efforts, which in turn will result in cost reduction, good collaboration between individual professionals, improved financial performance and, ultimately, patients will be optimally serviced and their needs and expectations will be satisfied.Indicators to measure quality of medical services give an idea of their characteristics, conditions and requirements for implementation. In this respect, quality assurance in clinical laboratories is an important process involving a complex system of planned actions at all stages of laboratory analysis in order to achieve the most accurate results with the aim of achieving the most accurate result, of monitoring the effect of the treatment and prognosis of the disease in question. The high quality of laboratory medical services helps modern clinicians in their practical activities and is a guarantor of achieving an adequate healthcare outcome. The ‘Quality in Laboratory Medicine’ concept evolves over time, focusing not only on analytical accuracy but also on a broader and more comprehensive basis that takes into account all the steps of clinical and laboratory analysis, providing valuable information in the process of making clinical decisions that are subordinated entirely to the cares of the patient.All healthcare professionals under the administrative authority of the medical institution, that should guarantee the necessary resources for this process, should participate in providing and improving the quality of services. It is necessary to cover the entire organizational structure, by paying attention to the optimization of the relations between staff and patients. Healthcare managers should provide permanent monitoring and a process evaluation system at each stage, allowing options for choosing alternatives for a solution and precise selectivity, aimed at improving the quality of healthcare, in particular, clinical and laboratory activities and services.

La Formación Continua y el Desarrollo de Competencias en los Docentes en Ejercicio del Nivel Secundario

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonor Alexandra Rodríguez Álava
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Training And Development ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Teaching Skills ◽  
Practicing Teachers ◽  
Active Subject ◽  
Continuous Preparation ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Ideal

Este artículo está encaminado a caracterizar el proceso de formación continua del docente del nivel medio en ejercicio asociado a la formación y desarrollo de sus competencias docentes, para lo que fueron utilizados métodos como   el análisis y síntesis, inducción y deducción, abstracción y concreción, la entrevista, la encuesta y  el cuestionario, donde a partir de sus resultados se  llega a la consideración de que la formación continua es la vía idónea para la formación y desarrollo de competencias docentes en los profesores en ejercicio, donde se debe asumir un modelo que propicie la reflexión sobre la propia práctica del docente, un clima de colaboración   y el profesor como sujeto activo de ese proceso.   Palabras claves: calidad educativa,   competencias docentes,   educador, estudio, preparación continua,  ABSTRACT   This article aims to characterize the process of education for teachers of middle level associated with exercise training and development of their teaching skills, for which methods were used as analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, abstraction and concreteness, interview and questionnaire survey, where from their results leads to the consideration that the training is the ideal way for the formation and development of teaching skills in practicing teachers, where they must assume a model that encourages reflection on own teaching practice, a climate of collaboration and the teacher as an active subject of that process Keywords: quality of education, teaching skills, teacher, study, continuous preparation

Humanism and the Human

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Winters
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Black Studies ◽  
Black Feminism ◽  
Working Through ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Sylvia Wynter

This chapter engages humanism and its fundamental assumptions by working through critical theory, black feminism, and black studies. It contends that there is a tension at the heart of humanism—while the ideal human appears to be the most widespread and available category, it has been constructed over and against certain qualities, beings, and threats. To elaborate on this tension, this chapter revisits the work of authors like Karl Marx and Michel Foucault. Marx acknowledges that the human is a site of conflict and antagonism even as his thought betrays a lingering commitment to progress and humanism. Foucault goes further than Marx by underscoring the fabricated quality of man and the ways in which racism functions to draw lines between those who must live and those who must die. In response to Marx and Foucault’s tendency to privilege Europe, this chapter engages black feminism and Afro-pessimism—Sylvia Wynter, Hortense Spillers, and Frank Wilderson—who show how the figure of the human within humanism is defined in opposition to blackness.

scholarly journals The Efficiency of Cooperation between the Participants in the Supply Chain in the Tourism-Related Branch of Industry in Relation to Client Satisfaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kozicka ◽  
Sebastian Kot ◽  
I Gede Riana
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Consumer Satisfaction ◽  
Client Satisfaction ◽  
Related Services ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Statistical Relevance ◽  
Tourism Supply Chain ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

Managing a tourism supply chain is predominantly focused on managing a tourism-specific product that can be perceived as all kinds of goods and services utilized by tourists during their trips. The predominant goal of this article is to empirically identify the level of engagement of entities operating in the tourism-oriented branch of industry concerning the satisfaction of end-customers with the offered tourism-related services and products. Within the scope of this study, the statistical relevance of elements of active cooperation within a tourism-specific supply chain was analyzed. Empirical examinations covered the assessment of the cooperation within the framework of the tourism-oriented supply chain and its impact on consumer satisfaction. A research questionnaire was utilized to meet examination-specific goals. Theoretical considerations and the analysis of branches of industry in relation to the available statistical data showed that tourist-oriented supply chain covers various entities, the engagement of which may have a factual impact on the efficiency of managing the entire chain, as well as on the overall client satisfaction, improving tourism sustainability. The obtained results clearly showed that the examined entities considered the analyzed cooperation aspects to be very important with regard to the supply chain management. Said aspects included the total length of cooperation within the framework of a particular supply chain, which, according to the examined entities, directly translated into the quality of cooperation—to either significant or very significant extent, as well as making it much easier to solve certain problems that were strictly connected with the provision of tourism-oriented services. Yet another aspect of cooperation that was touched upon was the transfer of the so-called know-how between the entities engaged in a given supply chain. As proven by the examination, 70% of the surveyed entities claimed that it was of significant or very significant importance. The last analyzed aspect of cooperation were relations between the supply chain-specific partners and their impact on the satisfaction of end customers. According to over half of the sample (61.54%), decent relations between supply chain participants affected the satisfaction of end customers to a notable extent.

scholarly journals Toward a Better Understanding of Metal Nanoparticles, a Novel Strategy from Eucalyptus Plants

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 929
Author(s):  
Hanadi Sawalha ◽  
Rambod Abiri ◽  
Ruzana Sanusi ◽  
Noor Azmi Shaharuddin ◽  
Aida Atiqah Mohd Noor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Ideal Candidate ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
The Ideal

Nanotechnology is a promising tool that has opened the doors of improvement to the quality of human’s lives through its potential in numerous technological aspects. Green chemistry of nanoscale materials (1–100 nm) is as an effective and sustainable strategy to manufacture homogeneous nanoparticles (NPs) with unique properties, thus making the synthesis of green NPs, especially metal nanoparticles (MNPs), the scientist’s core theme. Researchers have tested different organisms to manufacture MNPs and the results of experiments confirmed that plants tend to be the ideal candidate amongst all entities and are suitable to synthesize a wide variety of MNPs. Natural and cultivated Eucalyptus forests are among woody plants used for landscape beautification and as forest products. The present review has been written to reflect the efficacious role of Eucalyptus in the synthesis of MNPs. To better understand this, the route of extracting MNPs from plants, in general, and Eucalyptus, in particular, are discussed. Furthermore, the crucial factors influencing the process of MNP synthesis from Eucalyptus as well as their characterization and recent applications are highlighted. Information gathered in this review is useful to build a basis for new prospective research ideas on how to exploit this woody species in the production of MNPs. Nevertheless, there is a necessity to feed the scientific field with further investigations on wider applications of Eucalyptus-derived MNPs.

scholarly journals Impact of a Smart-Ring-Based Feedback System on the Quality of Chest Compressions in Adult Cardiac Arrest: A Randomized Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5408
Author(s):  
Chiwon Ahn ◽  
Seungjae Lee ◽  
Jongshill Lee ◽  
Jaehoon Oh ◽  
Yeongtak Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Feedback Group ◽  
Compression Depth ◽  
System Usability Scale ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Ideal

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a novel chest compression (CC) smart-ring-based feedback system in a manikin simulation. In this randomized, crossover, controlled study, we evaluated the effect of smart-ring CC feedback on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The learnability and usability of the tool were evaluated with the System Usability Scale (SUS). Participants were divided into two groups and each performed CCs with and without feedback 2 weeks apart, using different orders. The primary outcome was compression depth; the proportion of accurate-depth (5–6 cm) CCs, CC rate, and the proportion of complete CCs (≤1 cm of residual leaning) were assessed additionally. The feedback group and the non-feedback group showed significant differences in compression depth (52.1 (46.3–54.8) vs. 47.1 (40.5–49.9) mm, p = 0.021). The proportion of accurate-depth CCs was significantly higher in the interventional than in the control condition (88.7 (30.0–99.1) vs. 22.6 (0.0–58.5%), p = 0.033). The mean SUS score was 83.9 ± 8.7 points. The acceptability ranges were ‘acceptable’, and the adjective rating was ‘excellent’. CCs with smart-ring feedback could help achieve the ideal range of depth during CPR. The smart-ring may be a valuable source of CPR feedback.

scholarly journals What Are the Benefits of Pet Ownership and Care Among People With Mild-to-Moderate Dementia? Findings From the IDEAL programme

2020 ◽  
pp. 073346482096261
Author(s):  
Carol Opdebeeck ◽  
Michael A. Katsaris ◽  
Anthony Martyr ◽  
Ruth A. Lamont ◽  
James A. Pickett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Pet Ownership ◽  
Active Life ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Moderate Dementia ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Person With Dementia ◽  
The Ideal

Pet ownership has been associated with positive outcomes in many populations, yet the associations with physical and psychological wellbeing in people with dementia remain unclear. The current study used baseline data from 1,542 people living at home with mild-to-moderate dementia from the Improving the experience of Dementia and Enhancing Active Life (IDEAL) programme. Regression analyses investigated associations of pet ownership and pet care with self-reports of walking, loneliness, depression, and quality of life (QoL). After adjusting for covariates, having any pet was associated with higher likelihood of walking over 3 hr in the last week. Those with a dog and who were involved in its care were less likely to be lonely than those with no dog. Having any pet but no involvement in its care was associated with increased depression and decreased QoL compared with those without a pet. The key factor in the associations was involvement in the care of the pet by the person with dementia.

Pursuit of Operational Excellence

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Christine Welch ◽  
Tammi Sinha ◽  
Nigel Ward
Keyword(s):  
Change Management ◽  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Effective Leadership ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Team Working ◽  
Performance Teams ◽  
Operational Excellence

Operational Excellence (OE) is achieved when high performance teams are seeking for continuous improvement in well-designed processes, using appropriate tools and technologies. Excellence is underpinned by a philosophy in which problem-solving, team-working and effective leadership combine to focus upon customer needs, and all employees are empowered to act to maintain optimal flows of value. OE is clearly a desirable quality of organizations seeking both effectiveness and efficiency in their production of goods and services for customers. OE is underpinned by concepts such as team-working, effective leadership and change management, and depends upon effective flows of value. Systems Thinking (ST) is consequently at the heart of genuine excellence. This paper was conceived in the context of a Community of Practice of business improvement professionals, who took Operational Excellence as their agenda for inquiry during sessions in 2015. Reflection upon practice discussed at these meetings, together with the literature of change management and continuous improvement, have led to development of a systemic ‘landscape' model for pursuit of Operational Excellence. The elements of this model are set out, showing how they can contribute to OE.

Customer Review Provision Policies with Heterogeneous Cluster Preferences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihong Xiao ◽  
Ying-Ju Chen ◽  
Christopher S. Tang
Keyword(s):  
Operations Management ◽  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Heterogeneous Cluster ◽  
Heterogeneous Preferences ◽  
Experience Goods ◽  
The Third ◽  
Experience Good ◽  
Common User

Companies often post user-generated reviews online so that potential buyers in different clusters (age, geographic region, occupation, etc.) can learn from existing customers about the quality of an experience good and cluster preferences before purchasing. In this paper, we evaluate two common user-generated review provision policies for selling experience goods to customers in different clusters with heterogeneous preferences. The first policy is called the association-based policy (AP) under which a customer in a cluster can only observe the aggregate review (i.e., average rating) generated by users within the same cluster. The second policy is called the global-based policy (GP) under which each customer is presented with the aggregate review generated by all users across clusters. We find that, in general, the firm benefits from a policy that provides a larger number of “relevant reviews” to customers. When customers are more certain about the product quality and when clusters are more diverse, AP is more profitable than GP because it provides cluster-specific reviews to customers. Otherwise, GP is more profitable as it provides a larger number of less relevant reviews. Moreover, we propose a third provision policy that imparts the union of the information by AP and GP and show that it is more profitable for the firm. Although the third policy always renders a higher consumer welfare than GP, it may generate a lower consumer welfare than AP. This paper was accepted by Martínez-de-Albéniz Victor, operations management.

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