Differential Leukocyte Count of Spinal Fluid

Abstract Background and objectives Among placental mammals, females undergo immunological shifts during pregnancy to accommodate the fetus (i.e. fetal tolerance). Fetal tolerance has primarily been characterized within post-industrial populations experiencing evolutionarily novel conditions (e.g. reduced pathogen exposure), which may shape maternal response to fetal antigens. This study investigates how ecological conditions affect maternal immune status during pregnancy by comparing the direction and magnitude of immunological changes associated with each trimester among the Tsimane (a subsistence population subjected to high pathogen load) and women in the USA. Methodology Data from the Tsimane Health and Life History Project (N = 935) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (N = 1395) were used to estimate population-specific effects of trimester on differential leukocyte count and C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation. Results In both populations, pregnancy was associated with increased neutrophil prevalence, reduced lymphocyte and eosinophil count and elevated CRP. Compared to their US counterparts, pregnant Tsimane women exhibited elevated lymphocyte and eosinophil counts, fewer neutrophils and monocytes and lower CRP. Total leukocyte count remained high and unchanged among pregnant Tsimane women while pregnant US women exhibited substantially elevated counts, resulting in overlapping leukocyte prevalence among all third-trimester individuals. Conclusions and implications Our findings indicate that ecological conditions shape non-pregnant immune baselines and the magnitude of immunological shifts during pregnancy via developmental constraints and current trade-offs. Future research should investigate how such flexibility impacts maternal health and disease susceptibility, particularly the degree to which chronic pathogen exposure might dampen inflammatory response to fetal antigens. Lay Summary This study compares immunological changes associated with pregnancy between the Tsimane (an Amazonian subsistence population) and individuals in the USA. Results suggest that while pregnancy enhances non-specific defenses and dampens both antigen-specific immunity and parasite/allergy response, ecological conditions strongly influence immune baselines and the magnitude of shifts during gestation.

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Haematological reference of snakes: Amazon tree boa (Corallus hortulanus, Linnaeus, 1758) and Burmenese Python (Python bivittatus, Kuhl, 1820) in captive

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/1678-4162-9865 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 1172-1178

Author(s):

A.E. Quadrini ◽

V.C. Garcia ◽

B.C. Freire ◽

M.F.M. Martins

Keyword(s):

Blood Count ◽

Complete Blood Count ◽

Leukocyte Count ◽

Differential Leukocyte Count ◽

Healthy State ◽

The Family ◽

In Captivity ◽

Clinical Diagnoses ◽

Maintenance Techniques ◽

Python Bivittatus

ABSTRACT Hematology has become important for making clinical diagnoses in snakes because maintenance techniques in captivity have been improving and increasing their life expectancy. The emergence of diseases in captivity requires the creation of parameters to understand the species in their healthy state. The possible association between the onset of neoplasia, immunosuppression, and viral infection are also important factors to consider. Thus, hematology is a fundamental tool for observing the responses of animals to diseases and treatments. The present study aims to study hematology between two species of snakes and compare the profiles observed with published results. Blood samples were collected from 16 male and female snakes: seven Corallus hortulanus from the family Boidae and nine Python bivittatus from the family Pythonidae belonging to the Biological Museum of the Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil. Complete blood count results including blood smear, total erythrocyte count, leukocytes, and differential leukocyte count were evaluated. The data obtained in this study could help with the diagnosis, the treatment of snakes in captive conditions and in of nature conservation programs.

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Evaluation of the Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Cassia Occidentalis Leaves in Neutrophil Adhesion Test in Rats

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v9i4-s.3940 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4-s) ◽

pp. 1218-1221 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dhaval M Patel ◽

Advaita B Patel ◽

Riddhi D Trivedi ◽

Viram J Parmar ◽

Urvisha V Bangoriya

Keyword(s):

Oral Administration ◽

Leukocyte Count ◽

Control Group ◽

Neutrophil Adhesion ◽

Adhesion Test ◽

Differential Leukocyte Count ◽

Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽

Cassia Occidentalis ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Blood Smears

Evaluation of the effect of hydroalcoholic extracts of Cassia occidentalis leaves in neutrophil adhesion test in Rats. The effect of oral administration of hydroalcoholic extract of Cassia occidentalis leaves on neutrophil has been studied and is compared with control group on rats. The differential leukocyte count (DLC) was performed by fixing the blood smears and staining with leucofine and percent neutrophils in each sample was determined. After the initial counts, blood samples were incubated with 80 mg/ml of nylon fibers for 10 min at 37ºC. Supplementation with hydroalcoholic extract of Cassia occidentalis leaves significantly decreased neutrophil adhesion. The results indicate that the leaf of Cassia occidentalis is endowed with protected neutrophil adhesion. These effects could conclude that Cassia occidentalis has an antiasthmatic property. Keywords: Cassia occidentalis, Neutrophil adhesion, analysis of variance

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To assess increases in overall and Differential Leukocyte Count (DLC), as well as oxygen saturation of haemoglobin in stable smokers and non-smokers: An observational study

International Journal of Advanced Research in Medicine ◽

10.22271/27069567.2021.v3.i1g.169 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 398-401

Author(s):

Dr. N Saranya ◽

Dr. A Krishnaveni

Keyword(s):

Observational Study ◽

Oxygen Saturation ◽

Leukocyte Count ◽

Differential Leukocyte Count

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Effects of Imidacloprid-Contaminated Feed Exposure on Hematological Parameters in Adult Rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus)

Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries ◽

10.3329/ralf.v7i3.51363 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 439-444

Author(s):

Md Alamgir Kobir ◽

Latifa Akther ◽

Imam Hasan ◽

Md Ahosanul Haque Shahid ◽

Ziaul Haque ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leukocyte Count ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

The Body ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Cell Analysis ◽

Differential Leukocyte Count ◽

Once Daily ◽

Important Index ◽

Fresh Vegetables

Blood parameters are an important index to assess the body homeostasis in mammals. Here, the effect of pesticide (imidacloprid) contaminated feed exposure on the haematological parameters of adult rabbits (n=15) was studied. Pesticides (Imidacloprid, Bildor® 0.5ml (100mg)/L water spray on vegetables and green grass) exposed feed fed to rabbits with wash (washed feed rabbit) or without a wash (not washed feed rabbit) in the once-daily morning for every alternative day up to 15 days. Control rabbits have received a standard diet (fresh vegetables and green grass). The blood cell analysis showed that the total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, and haemoglobin values were not changed significantly in pesticide exposed rabbit. For differential leukocyte count, the percentage of neutrophil and eosinophil was significantly decreased in the pesticide-exposed rabbit as compared to the control rabbit. The lymphocyte percentage was increased significantly in pesticide-exposed rabbits compared to control rabbits. Interestingly, the number of lymphocytes was significantly increased in not washed feed rabbits compared to wash feed rabbits. The results of the present study suggest that residue of agriculturally used pesticides may affect the body homeostasis of animals. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(3): 439-444, December 2020

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Valores hematológicos do gavião carijó Buteo magnirostris (GMELIN, 1788) (AVE, FALCONIFORME)

Acta Scientiae Biological Research ◽

10.19141/2526-169x.actascientiae.v2.n1.p43-54 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 43-54

Author(s):

Antenor A. Santos ◽

Adriana A. Joper ◽

Mizue I. Egami

Keyword(s):

Blood Cells ◽

Leukocyte Count ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Total Count ◽

Morphological Description ◽

Differential Leukocyte Count ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Green Area ◽

Blood Smears ◽

Spherical Core

RESUMO: Os animais utilizados neste trabalho foram fornecidos pelo Departamento de Parque de Área Verde (SP). As amostras de sangue foram colhidas entre agosto de 1999 a novembro de 2001 e determinados os seguintes parâmetros hematológicos: contagem total de eritrócitos (Er), hematócrito (Ht), taxa de hemoglobina (Hb), contagem total e diferencial de leucócitos, índices hematimétricos absolutos VCM e CHCM. Foi realizada também a descrição morfológica das células sanguíneas em extensões sanguíneas após aplicação do método de Leishman. Os valores referentes à série eritrocítica apresentaram as seguintes médias: Er= 2,62 ± 0.48 x 106/µL; Ht=43,16 ± 11,19%; Hb= 14,59 ± 3,38g/dl; VCM=166,33 fL; CHCM= 33,84 ± 2,55g/dl e àqueles referentes a contagem de leucócitos apresentaram média: Lc= 3,95 ± 2,06 x 103/µL; Ht=45,33 ± 9,48%; Eo=17,66 ± 10,40%; B=7,3 ± 3,05%; L= 27,33 ± 11,53% e M= 2 ± 2,30%. Foram observados eritrócitos elípticos, com núcleo heterocromático alongado e citoplasma acidófilo; trombócitos elípticos com núcleo basófilo, cromatina condensada e citoplasma hialino; heterófilos esféricos, com núcleo lobulado e presença de grânulos acidófilos fusiformes; eosinófilos esféricos com núcleo lobulado apresentando grânulos eosinófilos esféricos; basófilos com núcleo volumoso e grânulos basófilos; linfócitos de aspecto irregular, com núcleo esférico e grânulos azurófilos; monócitos esféricos, com núcleo reniforme, cromatina frouxa, nucléolo visível e grânulos azurófilos finos.Palavras-chave: Gavião Carijó; Buteo magnirostris; Hematologia. ABSTRACT: The animals used in this study were provided by the Green Area Park Department (SP). Blood samples were collected from August 1999 to November 2001 and determined the following hematological parameters: total count of erythrocytes (Er), hematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin (Hb), total count and differential leukocyte count, erythrocyte indices absolute MCV and MCHC. It also performed the morphological description of the blood cells in blood smears after application of Leishman method. The figures for the erythrocyte series presented the following averages: Er = 2.62 ± 0:48 x 106 / µL; Ht = 43.16 ± 11.19%; Hb = 14.59 ± 3,38g / dl; VCM = 166.33 fL; MCHC = 33.84 ± 2.55g / dl and those related to leukocyte count showed average: Lc = 3.95 ± 2.06 x 103 / µL; Ht = 45.33 ± 9.48%; And = 17.66 ± 10.40%; B = 7.3 ± 3.05%; L = 27.33 ± 11.53% and M = 2 ± 2.30%. erythrocytes were observed elliptical, with elongated heterochromatic nucleus and cytoplasm acidophilus; thrombocytes Elliptical with basophil nucleus, condensed chromatin and hyaline cytoplasm; Spherical heterophile with lobed nucleus and presence of acidophilic spindle granules; eosinophil-lobed spherical core having eosinophils spherical granules; basophils with large nuclei and basophil granules; irregular aspect of lymphocytes, with spherical core and azurophilic granules; Spherical monocyte, a kidney-shaped core, loose chromatin and nucleoli visible fine azurophilic granules.Keywords: Sparrowhawk Carijó; Buteo magnirostris; Hematology.

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