Stratification of Atypical Intraepithelial Prostatic Lesions Based on Basal Cell and Architectural Patterns

2019 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-Qian Xiao ◽  
Reza Golestani ◽  
Huy Pham ◽  
Andy E Sherrod
Keyword(s):  
Basal Cell ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Basal Cell Layer ◽  
Clinical Patient ◽  
Architectural Patterns ◽  
Intraepithelial Carcinoma

Abstract Objectives: High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HPIN) and atypical cribriform lesion of the prostate are considered the precursors or associators of invasive prostate cancer (iPCa). Given loss of basal cells being the hallmark of iPCa, we hypothesized that a subset of these atypical intraepithelial lesions (AILs) with sparse basal cells can be classified as prostatic intraepithelial carcinoma (PIC) with frequent iPCa association and that different morphologic patterns of PIC are associated with specific Gleason (G) patterns and scores for iPCa. Methods: We stratified 153 foci of AILs from 110 patients based on the integrity of the basal cell layer and architectural patterns and their association with iPCa. Results: We demonstrated that AILs could be stratified into usual HPIN (intact basal cell layer and simple patterns) with low-risk of iPCa association and PIC (sparse basal cell layer) with high risk of iPCa association. Furthermore, PIC could be divided into low-grade (simple patterns and associated with G3 and G3/4 iPCa) and high-grade PIC (complex patterns and associated with G4 and G3/4/5 iPCa). Conclusions: Such stratification is of great clinical significance and instrumental to clinical patient management. It not only increases the predictability of AILs for iPCa but also accommodates a clinical scenario for lesions with features of intraductal carcinoma when iPCa is not found, particularly in biopsies.

scholarly journals Basal cell markers:34BE12 and p63, improving detection of basal cells in atypical prostatic lesions

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-58
Author(s):  
Inas A. Rasheed
Keyword(s):  
Basal Cell ◽  
Prostatic Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Cell Detection ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Basal Cell Layer ◽  
Cell Markers ◽  
Malignant Lesions

Background: The diagnosis of prostatic pathology may be of challenging , as some  difficult and suspected, atypical  cases may lack basal cell layer by routine H&E sections . Antibodies against 34BE12(HMW-CK) and p63 aid the diagnosis of such cases , to distinguish benign from  malignant prostatic lesions. Objective: to identify basal cells in atypical prostatic lesions ,and distinguish benign from malignant prostatic lesions. Type of the study:  A retro-spective  study. Methods:  115cases of  paraffin embedded prostatic tissue blocks ,diagnosed as : 76 cases were benign prostatic hyperplasia( BPH) , 9 cases were  high grade –prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HG-PIN) , and 30 cases were prostatic carcinoma(PCa) .Sections from each blocks were prepared for immunostaining with 34BE12 and p63. Results : basal cells were detected in cases of BPH , and HG-PIN , and absent  in all cases of prostatic carcinoma ,using basal cell markers . Negative benign glands(>2) were found in 71.6% and 38.2%  for   BPH  and 57.1% and 55.6% for HG-PIN immunostained  with high molecular weight cytokeratin (34BE12) and p63 , respectively, and significantly reduced to 9.0% and 11.1% for BPH and HG-PIN, respectively  with combined using of both markers .Conclusion : Combination of both   basal cell markers (34BE12 , p63) improving basal cell detection in atypical ,suspected prostatic lesions and distinguish benign from malignant lesions.

scholarly journals GSTP1Methylation and Protein Expression in Prostate Cancer: Diagnostic Implications

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Martignano ◽  
Giorgia Gurioli ◽  
Samanta Salvi ◽  
Daniele Calistri ◽  
Matteo Costantini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Basal Cell Layer ◽  
Gene Methylation ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Cycle Regulation ◽  
Early Carcinogenesis

GSTP1belongs to the GSTs family, a group of enzymes involved in detoxification of exogenous substances and it also plays an important role in cell cycle regulation. Its dysregulation correlates with a large variety of tumors, in particular with prostate cancer. We investigatedGSTP1methylation status with methylation specific PCR (MS-PCR) in prostate cancer (PCa) and in benign tissue of 56 prostatectomies. We also performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) so as to correlate gene methylation with gene silencing.GSTP1appears methylated in PCa and not in healthy tissue; IHC confirmed that methylation leads to protein underexpression (p<0.001). GSTP1 is highly expressed in basal cell layer and luminal cells in benign glands while in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) it stains only basal cell layer, whereas PCa glands are completely negative. We demonstrated that methylation leads to underexpression of GSTP1. The progressive loss of GSTP1 expression from healthy glands to PIN and to PCa glands underlines its involvement in early carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals THE GOLGI APPARATUS IN CHICK CORNEAL EPITHELIUM: CHANGES IN INTRACELLULAR POSITION DURING DEVELOPMENT

1970 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Trelstad
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Corneal Epithelium ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Corneal Stroma ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Basal Cell Layer ◽  
Collagenous Matrix ◽  
Basal Position

The intracellular position of the Golgi apparatuses in the basal cell layer of the corneal epithelium in embryonic and hatched chicks has been studied in the light microscope by impregnating the Golgi apparatus with silver. During two distinct periods in development the Golgi apparatuses in the basal cells shift from an apical to basal position. Each of these periods correlates in time with the appearance of an acellular collagenous matrix beneath the epithelium. Examination of the basal epithelial cells in the electron microscope confirms the intracellular shifts in position of the Golgi apparatus. The results suggest that the Golgi apparatus shifts to the basal cell pole of the corneal epithelium in order to excrete connective tissue materials into the developing corneal stroma.

The reporting of anal cytology and histology samples: establishing terminology and criteria

Sexual Health ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Margaret Roberts ◽  
Deborah Ekman
Keyword(s):  
Reporting System ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Anal Neoplasia ◽  
Anal Cytology ◽  
Bethesda System

Our understanding of the human papillomavirus (HPV) related cytomorphology and histopathology of the anal canal is underpinned by our knowledge of HPV infection in the cervix. In this review, we utilise cervical reporting of cytological and histological specimens as a foundation for the development of standardised and evidence-based terminology and criteria for reporting of anal specimens. We advocate use of the Australian Modified Bethesda System 2004 for reporting anal cytology. We propose the use of a two-tiered histological reporting system for noninvasive disease – low-grade and high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia. These classification systems reflect current understanding of the biology of HPV and enhance diagnostic reproducibility. Biomarkers such as p16INK4A may prove useful in further improving diagnostic accuracy. Standardisation is important because it will increase the value of the data collected as Australian centres develop programs for screening for anal neoplasia.

Histopathological varieties of oral carcinomain situ: Diagnosis aided by immunohistochemistry dealing with the second basal cell layer as the proliferating center of oral mucosal epithelia

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanori Kobayashi ◽  
Satoshi Maruyama ◽  
Jun Cheng ◽  
Hiroko Ida-Yonemochi ◽  
Minoru Yagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Cell ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Basal Cell Layer ◽  
Carcinomain Situ

scholarly journals CK20 and CK5/6 Immunohistochemical Staining of Urothelial Neoplasms: A Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mohammed Akhtar ◽  
Sameera Rashid ◽  
Mohamed Ben Gashir ◽  
Noheir Mostafa Taha ◽  
Issam Al Bozom
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
The Family ◽  
Prognostic Implications ◽  
Umbrella Cells ◽  
Proper Interpretation ◽  
Aggressive Clinical Behavior

Cytokeratins belong to the family of intermediate filaments. They are expressed in a highly specific manner in epithelial cells where they play a crucial role in the integrity and mechanical stability of the cells. Several types of cytokeratins have been described in normal as well as neoplastic urothelium. In the case of urothelial neoplasms expression of CK20 and CK5/6 has been shown in several studies to have diagnostic and prognostic implications. Thus, low-grade urothelial carcinoma manifests CK expression limited to the umbrella cells, while high-grade tumors usually have an expression in the entire thickness of the urothelium except for the basal layer. CK5/6 expression on the other hand is expressed in the basal cells in all low-grade and some high-grade urothelial carcinomas. Diffuse CK20 staining accompanied by loss of CK5/6-positive basal layer is usually associated with aggressive clinical behavior. Double staining of the slides for these cytokeratins may facilitate proper interpretation and correlation.

scholarly journals INCIDENCE AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF HIGH GRADE PROSTATIC INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA IN TURP SPECIFIMENS

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
B. Pavan Kumar ◽  
Imran Ali ◽  
Anwar Miya ◽  
Kishan Kishan
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Prostatic Carcinoma ◽  
Invasive Carcinoma ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Transurethral Resection Of Prostate ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Precancerous Condition

BACKGROUND : PIN is a well known precancerous condition of prostatic carcinoma. Transurethral resection of prostate has become the most prominent and the easiest way, to morphologically evaluate lesions of PIN. But clinicians are sometimes confused by the grading that is given in the report. So there is a need to define the diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis of PIN using newer diagnostic techniques to assist in the better diagnosis and grading. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether the diagnostic criteria can be defined PIN and using newer techniques for PIN grading to improve the clinical management of patients with prostatic lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study will be done in the Department of Pathology MGM Hospitals, Warangal for a period of 2 years and includes consecutive cases of TURP specimens from the patients who present with obstructive symptoms as a major clinical presentation and correlated with PSA levels. INCLULSION CRITERIA: Patients who present with obstructive symptoms as a major clinical presentation. RESULTS: 1.160 cases of TURP specimens were studied out of which 53 (33.12%) cases are PIN. BPH -78 (48/74%), PC-15 (9.37%), SM-14 (8.75%) 2. Majority cases are low grade PIN 34 out of 53 cases (21.25%) High Grade PIN 19 out of 53cases. (11.87%) 3. High Grade PIN and prostatic Carcinoma shared increased incidence and severity with advancing age in the study. Majority of HG PIN cases in our study noted in (70-79 years of age) 4. The risk of carcinoma is more in cases of High Grade PIN (68.42%) than in low grade PIN (17.64%) 5. This warrants are need for repeat prostatic biopsies to diagnose the invasive carcinoma in patient with High grade PIN.

scholarly journals Abnormal colposcopic images in patients with preinvasive cervical lesions

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
Adnan Babović ◽  
Dženita Ljuca ◽  
Gordana Bogdanović ◽  
Lejla Muminhodžić
Keyword(s):  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Cytological Examination ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction: The objective of the study was to determine frequency and to compare frequency of the abnormal colposcopic images in patients with low and high grade pre-invasive lesions of cervix.Methods: Study includes 259 patients, whom colposcopic and cytological examination of cervix was done. The experimental group of patients consisted of patents with pre-invasive low grade squamousintraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and the control group consisted of patients without cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).Results: In comparison to the total number of satisfactory fi ndings (N=259), pathological findings were registered in N=113 (43.6 %) and abnormal colposcopic fi ndings in N=128 (49.4%). The study did notinclude patients with unsatisfactory fi nding N=22 (8.5%). Abnormal colposcopic image is present most frequently in older patients but there are no statistically important difference between age categories(Pearson Chi-Square 0.47, df -3, p=0.923). Frequency of abnormal colposcopic fi ndings (N=128) is the biggest in pathological cytological (N=113) and HSIL 58 (45.3%), LSIL 36 (28.1%). There is statisticallysignifi cant difference in frequency of abnormal colposcopic images in patients with low-grade in comparison to patients with high-grade pre-invasive cervix lesions (Chi-Square test, Pearson Chi-Square 117.14,df-12 p<0.0001).Conclusion: Thanks to characteristic colposcopic images, abnormal epithelium is successfully recognized, but the severity grade of intraepithelial lesion cannot be determined.

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