scholarly journals INCIDENCE AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF HIGH GRADE PROSTATIC INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA IN TURP SPECIFIMENS

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
B. Pavan Kumar ◽  
Imran Ali ◽  
Anwar Miya ◽  
Kishan Kishan
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Prostatic Carcinoma ◽  
Invasive Carcinoma ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Transurethral Resection Of Prostate ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Precancerous Condition

BACKGROUND : PIN is a well known precancerous condition of prostatic carcinoma. Transurethral resection of prostate has become the most prominent and the easiest way, to morphologically evaluate lesions of PIN. But clinicians are sometimes confused by the grading that is given in the report. So there is a need to define the diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis of PIN using newer diagnostic techniques to assist in the better diagnosis and grading. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether the diagnostic criteria can be defined PIN and using newer techniques for PIN grading to improve the clinical management of patients with prostatic lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study will be done in the Department of Pathology MGM Hospitals, Warangal for a period of 2 years and includes consecutive cases of TURP specimens from the patients who present with obstructive symptoms as a major clinical presentation and correlated with PSA levels. INCLULSION CRITERIA: Patients who present with obstructive symptoms as a major clinical presentation. RESULTS: 1.160 cases of TURP specimens were studied out of which 53 (33.12%) cases are PIN. BPH -78 (48/74%), PC-15 (9.37%), SM-14 (8.75%) 2. Majority cases are low grade PIN 34 out of 53 cases (21.25%) High Grade PIN 19 out of 53cases. (11.87%) 3. High Grade PIN and prostatic Carcinoma shared increased incidence and severity with advancing age in the study. Majority of HG PIN cases in our study noted in (70-79 years of age) 4. The risk of carcinoma is more in cases of High Grade PIN (68.42%) than in low grade PIN (17.64%) 5. This warrants are need for repeat prostatic biopsies to diagnose the invasive carcinoma in patient with High grade PIN.

scholarly journals Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia- the story evolves

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 1028-1033
Author(s):  
SV Pradhan ◽  
P Sharan
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Clinical Implication ◽  
Prostatic Carcinoma ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Preneoplastic Lesion

Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia is preneoplastic lesion described from early of this 20th century. PIN includes a spectrum of features ranging from low grade to high grade neoplasia. The studies are focused on their influence to predict the occurence of prostatic carcinoma. This review analyses the various development in the identification and differentiation of PIN and their clinical implication.

Frequent Expression of Human Carcinoma-Associated Antigen, a Mucin-Type Glycoprotein, in Cells of Prostatic Carcinoma

2004 ◽  
Vol 128 (12) ◽  
pp. 1412-1417
Author(s):  
Rongshan Li ◽  
Jorge L. Yao ◽  
Patricia A. Bourne ◽  
P. Anthony di Sant'Agnese ◽  
Jiaoti Huang
Keyword(s):  
Prostatic Carcinoma ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Antigen Expression ◽  
Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Prostatic Tissue ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Human Carcinoma ◽  
In Cells

Abstract Context.—Human carcinoma-associated antigen (HCA) is a mucin glycoprotein recognized by antibodies raised against epiglycanin, the latter having been originally purified from mouse mammary carcinoma cells. Human carcinoma-associated antigen expression is increased in sera of patients with various carcinomas, including prostatic carcinoma. However, to our knowledge, expression of HCA in benign and neoplastic prostatic tissue has not been studied. Objective.—To compare the expression of HCA in cells of primary and metastatic prostatic carcinomas with its expression in non–carcinoma-associated cells. Design.—We studied 40 cases of primary and 36 cases of metastatic prostatic carcinomas by immunohistochemical staining with anti-HCA monoclonal antibodies G1 and HAE3. The blocks from primary carcinomas also contained normal prostatic tissue (40 cases), benign prostatic hyperplasia (16 cases), and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (32 cases). Results.—The 2 antibodies stained carcinomas more frequently than normal prostatic tissue, hyperplasia, and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (P < .001). The differences in the staining of low-grade versus high-grade tumors was not statistically significant with either antibody. The staining was present in the cytoplasm and on the luminal membrane surface of the tumor cells and in the luminal secretions. In metastatic prostatic carcinomas, G1 and HAE3 staining was positive in 44% and 67% of the cases, respectively. Conclusions.—Our results showed that mucin protein HCA is overexpressed in cells of prostatic carcinoma, which may have value in diagnosis and therapy. Its role in carcinogenesis also merits further study.

The reporting of anal cytology and histology samples: establishing terminology and criteria

Sexual Health ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Margaret Roberts ◽  
Deborah Ekman
Keyword(s):  
Reporting System ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Anal Neoplasia ◽  
Anal Cytology ◽  
Bethesda System

Our understanding of the human papillomavirus (HPV) related cytomorphology and histopathology of the anal canal is underpinned by our knowledge of HPV infection in the cervix. In this review, we utilise cervical reporting of cytological and histological specimens as a foundation for the development of standardised and evidence-based terminology and criteria for reporting of anal specimens. We advocate use of the Australian Modified Bethesda System 2004 for reporting anal cytology. We propose the use of a two-tiered histological reporting system for noninvasive disease – low-grade and high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia. These classification systems reflect current understanding of the biology of HPV and enhance diagnostic reproducibility. Biomarkers such as p16INK4A may prove useful in further improving diagnostic accuracy. Standardisation is important because it will increase the value of the data collected as Australian centres develop programs for screening for anal neoplasia.

scholarly journals Abnormal colposcopic images in patients with preinvasive cervical lesions

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
Adnan Babović ◽  
Dženita Ljuca ◽  
Gordana Bogdanović ◽  
Lejla Muminhodžić
Keyword(s):  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Cytological Examination ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction: The objective of the study was to determine frequency and to compare frequency of the abnormal colposcopic images in patients with low and high grade pre-invasive lesions of cervix.Methods: Study includes 259 patients, whom colposcopic and cytological examination of cervix was done. The experimental group of patients consisted of patents with pre-invasive low grade squamousintraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and the control group consisted of patients without cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).Results: In comparison to the total number of satisfactory fi ndings (N=259), pathological findings were registered in N=113 (43.6 %) and abnormal colposcopic fi ndings in N=128 (49.4%). The study did notinclude patients with unsatisfactory fi nding N=22 (8.5%). Abnormal colposcopic image is present most frequently in older patients but there are no statistically important difference between age categories(Pearson Chi-Square 0.47, df -3, p=0.923). Frequency of abnormal colposcopic fi ndings (N=128) is the biggest in pathological cytological (N=113) and HSIL 58 (45.3%), LSIL 36 (28.1%). There is statisticallysignifi cant difference in frequency of abnormal colposcopic images in patients with low-grade in comparison to patients with high-grade pre-invasive cervix lesions (Chi-Square test, Pearson Chi-Square 117.14,df-12 p<0.0001).Conclusion: Thanks to characteristic colposcopic images, abnormal epithelium is successfully recognized, but the severity grade of intraepithelial lesion cannot be determined.

The Role of Early Colposcopy in the Management of Females with First Episode Anogenital Warts

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 343-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
K A Ward ◽  
J R Houston ◽  
B E Lowry ◽  
R D Maw ◽  
W W Dinsmore
Keyword(s):  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Anogenital Warts ◽  
Cervical Smear ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Increased Risk

212 females attending a genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinic with first episode anogenital warts were screened by cervical cytology and colposcopy/histology for the presence of cervical epithelial abnormalities in keeping with infection by the human papillomavirus (HPV infection) and/or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). The prevalence of cervical epithelial abnormalities detected by cervical cytology alone was 32%, rising to 56% after colposcopic examination. However, the majority of cervical lesions detected by colposcopy alone were of low grade (HPV infection and/or CIN I). Histologically confirmed high grade cervical lesions (CIN II or CIN III) were detected more frequently in those females in whom cervical cytological examination indicated dyskaryosis in keeping with any grade of CIN, compared to females without dyskaryotic changes on cervical smear ( P<0.05, chi-squared test with Yates' correction). Early colposcopy is indicated for females with anogenital warts in the presence of a cervical smear showing dyskaryosis in keeping with any grade of CIN, because of the statistically significant increased risk of detecting a potentially progressive high grade cervical lesion. In females without dyskaryotic changes on cervical smear, the value of early colposcopy is uncertain and warrants larger more long-term trials.

29. WHAT DO ANAL CYTOLOGY RESULTS MEAN?

Sexual Health ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
R. Hillman
Keyword(s):  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Anal Dysplasia ◽  
Anal Swab

Background: Between 1970 and 2000 in Australia, anal cancer rates have increased over fourfold. Furthermore, the prevalence rate of anal cancer in MSM is approximately 35 cases/100�000, comparable to that of cervical cancer in women prior to the introduction of the national cervical screening program. These observations have led to calls for the introduction of targeted anal cytological screening program for MSMs. Our study examined the effectiveness of anal cytological testing in detecting histologically proven high grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (HGAIN, also known as AIN2 & 3). Methods: A retrospective case note review of people attending an anal dysplasia clinic from July 2002 to May 2007 was performed. Cytological results of anal swabs were compared to results of biopsies obtained through high resolution anoscopy. Results: 436 anal cytological results were identified. Of these, 5% were unsatisfactory, 51% showed low grade changes and 44% showed high grade changes. 185 cases were then paired with corresponding histological results. Analysing the data from the perspective of diagnosing histologically proven HGAIN, anal swab cytological abnormalities revealed a sensitivity of 54% and specificity of 90% for the most recent cytological test and 83% and 39% respectively, when analysed according to most serious cytological result ever. Conclusions: Our sensitivities of 54-83% and specificities of 39-90% are consistent with those found with cervical cytology, but emphasize the need for caution in their interpretation. However, before any anal cytological screening programs are introduced, it is important to also establish that treatment of any high grade anal dysplasia detected by such screening is of value in preventing progression to cancer.

scholarly journals Ki-67 expression in anal intraepithelial neoplasia in AIDS

2001 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edenilson Eduardo Calore ◽  
Carmen Ruth Manzione ◽  
Sidney Roberto Nadal ◽  
Maria José Cavalieri ◽  
Nilda Maria Perez Calore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Layer ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Staining Techniques ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2

CONTEXT: AIDS is one of the most important risk factors for progression and recurrence of anogenital condyloma. In a previous work, we observed that patients with warts and high-grade AIN (HAIN) had recurrences more frequently than did patients with warts without AIN. The mechanisms of this increased incidence of high-grade lesions in AIDS are not known. OBJECTIVE: We studied the expression of the proliferative marker Ki-67 by immunohistochemical methods, in specimens of anal condyloma from HIV+ patients to clarify whether its expression can be associated to the grade of AIN. DESIGN: A retrospective study of hiltological specimens. SETTING: University referral unit. SAMPLE: 34 patients were divided into two groups: (1) condylomas with low grade AIN (LAIN), with 25 patients; and (2) condylomas with HAIN, with 9 patients. In this latter group we examined two areas: 2A (HAIN area) and 2B (LAIN area). MAIN MEASUREMENTS: The immunohistochemical reaction for Ki-67 was done on histological sections. Slices were lightly stained with hematoxylin, to help us in Ki-67 positive cell counting. The percentage of Ki-67 marked nuclei was calculated. We applied one-way variance analysis for statistics. RESULTS: The mean number of Ki-67 positive cells in group 1 was 19.68 ± 10.99; in group 2 (area A) it was 46.73 ± 10.409; and in area B it was 36.43 ± 14.731. There were statistical differences between groups 1 and 2A and between groups 1 and 2B. Ki-67 positive cells predominated in the lower layer in LAIN. Positive Ki-67 cells were found in all layers in group 2A, and in group 2B they predominated in the two lower or in all layers of the epithelium. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that LAIN areas (using routine staining techniques) in HAIN can have a biological behavior more similar to HAIN.

scholarly journals From first symptoms to diagnosis: Initial clinical presentation of primary brain tumors

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 2514183X2096836
Author(s):  
B Alther ◽  
V Mylius ◽  
M Weller ◽  
AR Gantenbein
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Primary Brain Tumors ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Time To Diagnosis

Background: Despite modern imaging methods, a long symptom-to-diagnosis interval can be observed in patients with primary brain tumors. Objective: The study evaluated the initial and subsequent clinical presentation of patients with brain tumors in the context of time to diagnosis, localization, histology, and tumor grading. Methods: In this retrospective analysis of 85 consecutive patients with primary brain tumors, we assessed the presenting symptoms and signs. The analyses were based on entries from medical records at the Department of Neurology of Zurich University Hospital between 2005 and 2010. Results: A total of 54 men and 31 women with a mean age at diagnosis of 48 years were included. 60% of the patients present with a malignant tumor (World Health Organization grading III–IV), 24.7% with a benign tumor (I–II), and 15.3% were not classified. The interval between symptom onset and diagnosis varied from 1 day to 96 months (median: 39 days). High-grade tumors (III–IV) were diagnosed significantly earlier than low-grade tumors (II) after the first symptoms occurred (median: 26 vs. 138 days; z = −3.847, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Symptoms with a short symptom-to-diagnosis interval such as nausea/vomiting, seizures, as well as of personality change are assumed to contribute to a faster diagnosis in high-grade tumors. Visual disturbances and headaches, although occurring relatively seldom, did not contribute to a decrease in time to diagnosis and should therefore be considered for further diagnostic workup.

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